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Computer Programming
A category for questions about computer programming and programming languages.
10,506 Questions
What programming language are web browsers written in?
Most browsers are written in low-level programming languages.
For instance, Firefox (the source code is at http://lxr.mozilla.org/mozilla1.8.0/source/) is written mostly in C++. It also has large parts written in JavaScript, and a custom language called XUL, that control the "chrome", or the look of the toolbars, menus, and surrounding windows. But the rendering engine (the part that figures out how to display web pages) is written mainly in C++.
What are the commonly used data types in programming languages?
Data types tell the compiler how many bytes will be allocated to the type and how those bytes will be interpreted.
For instance, consider the following 64-bit value:
0100101001100001011011100111010101100001011100100111100100000000
In hexadecimal notation this would be written:
0x4a616e7561727900
But what does this value actually mean? Without knowing the type it's impossible to say. It could be any of the following:
- a big-endian integer: 5,359,686,481,972,721,920
- a little-endian integer: 34,184,235,089,551,690
- a big-endian float: 2.03809e+050
- a little-endian float: 2.26484e-306
- a null-terminated string: "January"
All of these are perfectly valid interpretations for the exact same binary sequence. So in order for the compiler to correctly interpret this binary sequence it has to know what data type is actually being represented by that sequence. If we tell it that the sequence is a string of 8 characters then the compiler will correctly interpret the value as the null-terminated string "January".
What is booting in compiler design?
bootstrapping is a process of writing a compiler in the target programing language which it is intended to compile
How do you overload or override a method?
Any time you have a class that inherits a method from a superclass, you have the opportunity to override the method (unless, as you learned in the earlier chapters, the method is marked final). The key benefit of overriding is the ability to define behavior that's specific to a particular subclass type. The following example demonstrates a Porsche subclass of Car overriding the Car version of the drive() method:
public class Car {
public void drive() {
System.out.println("Generic Car Driving Generically");
}
}
class Porsche extends Car {
public void drive() {
System.out.println("Porsche driving Full Throttle");
}
}
How do you write an algorithm and draw a flow chart to find the area of a circle?
start
read pie
area
circum
print area
print circum
stop
Find the smallest number and its position using array with c coding?
You simply walk through the array and whenever you find a smaller element you remember its value and location.
E.g. If you have an array of integers called pArray that contains 100 elements, here's what the code might look like:
int cPos 0, int nMin pArray[0]; // Provisionally assume the first element is smallest.
for ( int n 1; n < 100; ++n )
{
if ( pArray[n] < nMin )
{
// We've found a new smaller element, record its position and value.
nMin pArray[n];
cPos n;
}
}
What is performance measurement in algorithm?
Performance measurement is concerned with obtaining the space and time requirement of a particular algorithm thus quantities depend on the and absence
used as well as on computer on which the algorithm is run..........
Translating an algorithm into a programming language is called?
Translating an algorithm into a programming language is called coding. A variable declaration tells the operating system to allocate storage space in RAM.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of e-services?
Advantages:
There are advantages while implementing an electronic government. The main advantage of an electronic government this will be to improve the efficiency of the current system. That would in return save money and time. The introduction would also facilitate better communications between governments and businesses. An example would be, E-Procurement facilitates G2G and B2B communication; this will permit smaller business to compete for government contracts as well as larger business. This will have the advantage of creating an open market and stronger economy. Business and citizens can obtain information at a faster speed and it is possible at any time of the day.
In addition, moving away from a heavily paper based system to an electronic system would reduces the need for man power. Thus, this would allow the process to be handled by lesser employees and therefore to reduce operations cost.
The society is moving toward the mobile connections. The ability of an e-government service to be accessible to citizens irrespective of location throughout the country brings the next and potentially biggest benefit of an e-government service. The society is moving toward the mobile connections.
Due to the fact that information and statistics are posted online, the idea of an "opened up" government and made government policy, information (including some socially valuable archival and historical information) and services more available. This would reflect a greater transparency of the service provided by the government .
Disadvantages:
Electronic governments also consist on certain disadvantage. The main disadvantage of an electronic government is to move the government services into an electronic based system. This system loses the person to person interaction which is valued by a lot of people.
In addition, the implementation of an e-government service is that, with many technology based services, it is often easy to make the excuse (e.g. the server has gone down) that problems with the service provided are because of the technology.
The implementation of an e government does have certain constraints. Literacy of the users and the ability to use the computer, users who do not know how to read and write would need assistance. An example would be the senior citizens. In general, senior citizens do not have much education and they would have to approach a customer service officer for assistance.
Studies have shown that there is potential for a reduction in the usability of government online due to factors such as the access to Internet technology and usability of services and the ability to access to computers;
Even though the level of confidence in the security offered by government web sites are high, the public are still concerned over security, fear of spam from providing email addresses, and government retention of transaction or interaction history.
What is the difference between simulation languages and high level languages?
simulator is an algorithm used to simulate the process of a system...
How do you write program c of table 5?
#include
#include
void main()
{ int a,i;
printf("\nThe Multiplication table of 5 is:\n");
for(i=1;i<=20;i++)
printf("%d",a*i);
getch();
}
It will print upto 20.
gets()
Reads characters from stdin and stores them as a string into str until a newline character ('\n') or the End-of-File is reached.
The ending newline character ('\n') is not included in the string.
getchar()
Returns the next character from the standard input (stdin).
It is equivalent to getc with stdin as its argument. === ===
import java.io.*;
public class descendingorder
{
public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException
{
BufferedReader in= new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
int i,j,n,t;
int a[]=new int[20];
System.out.println("Enter the number of elements:");
n=Integer.parseInt(in.readLine());
System.out.println("Enter the elements of the array:");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
a[i]=Integer.parseInt(in.readLine());
}
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
if(a[i]>a[j])
{
t=a[i];
a[i]=a[j];
a[j]=t;
]
}
}
System.out.println("The orderer lit...");
{
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
System.out.println(a[i]);
}
}
}
Write an algorithm to find the greatest number out of the gioven four numbers?
In C#: int[] list = new int[] { 1 , 2, 3, 4}; int highest = int.MinValue; foreach(int i in list) { if(i > highest) { highest = i; } } Console.WriteLine(highest.ToString() + " is the highest number");
Name of the latest programming language?
Programming languages are invented all the time. The vast majority are simply not used by anyone except the author or a small team with a specific need.
If you are looking for the "best" or "most popular" programming language, you are probably going to start an almighty debate! Tiobe compile a list of most popular programming languages at http://www.tiobe.com/index.php/content/paperinfo/tpci/index.html.
Currently, this is Java, C, C++ then PHP and so on.
What kind of programming language is dbase?
It is a 3rd Generation or High Level language, specifically designed for working with databases, namely dBase ones. It works in a runtime environment so it is an interpreted language, but dBase does contain a compiler. It can also be compiled using a Clipper compiler.
Yes, SQL is a high level language, since it allow us to get result without much going into Assembly level instructions, by using interpreter to change our statements/queries into machine level instructions!.
What is the difference between array and normal data type?
Data typing is static, but weakly enforced
Are programs that translate the source code to object code?
False. A compiler converts source code into object code.
How to write a C program to generate Fibonacci series up to 10 elements and store in array?
#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int swap(int* , int*);
int main()
{
int c=0;
int b=1;
int max;
cout<<"Enter the maximum limit of fibbonacci series = ";
cin>>max;
if(max>0)
{
cout<<c<<endl;
}
else
{
exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
}
for(int i=0;i<max;i++)
{
c=b+c;
swap(&b,&c);
if(c<max)
{
cout<<c<<endl;
}
else
{
break;
}
}
getch();
return 0;
}
int swap(int *x,int *y)
{
int z;
z=*x;
*x=*y;
*y=z;
return z;
}
Who is the first discovered the speed of light?
The speed of light was measured by Ole Christensen Romer. He watched the moons of Jupiter, and observed that their movement around Jupiter appeared slower when the earth was moving away from Jupiter than when earth was moving towards Jupiter. This was because the light from the moons took longer to reach earth. He concluded that the speed of light is 220,000 kilometers per second. It is in fact 300,000 km/s, so he wasn't too far off.
In 1849, Hippolyte Fizeau performed the first earth-bound measurement of the speed of light. A beam of light was reflected off a two-way mirror; it then went through the teeth of an opaque cogwheel rotating very fast, was reflected off a mirror, returned through the teeth of the cogwheel, and went through the two-way mirror to a detector. In the time it took for the light to get from the wheel to the mirror and back, the wheel rotated slightly, which meant that some of the light which had previously gone through was blocked by the cogs. So the finiteness of the speed of light made the light slightly dimmer. By measuring its brightness, he calculated that the speed of light in vacuum was 313,000 km/s.
Fizeau's experiment was important because it could be used to measure the speed of light in any medium, whereas Romer's observation only worked for the speed of light in vacuum. Fizeau discovered that the speed of light is faster in air than in other media. This helped to resolve the long-standing question of whether light consists of particles or waves - the particle theory supported by Isaac Newton predicted that the speed of light would be slowest in a vacuum.
Someone observed that the speed of light was (up to experimental error) exactly equal to 1 / sqrt(epsilon * mu), where epsilon and mu are fundamental constants connected with electricity and magnetism, respectively. At the time, this observation just seemed weird. But when James Clerk Maxwell published his equations for electromagnetism, which predicted the possibility of waves travelling at this speed, it all made sense: light consists of electromagnetic waves. So if we want to measure its speed we only have to measure epsilon and mu. The values of epsilon and mu are different in different media, so this explains the differences in the speed of light.
Define Syntax Error in computer?
A syntax error is a scenario in programming where the code that is written by a programmer which is incorrect as per the language structure. For example I say the following statement in English: it is syntactically wrong:
I currently in write java questions for wikianswers yesterday and tomorrow all day short.
If you see the above statement, it is grammatically wrong. That is exactly what a syntax error is for a java program. It is incorrect as per the programming language specifications.
