Computers

Assuming the computer could operate addition of negative values the solution would be to add the additive inverse. For example, instead of subtracting 5 - 4 = 1, you would end the addition problem 5 + (-4) = 1. Note that in the second case the "-" was not a subtraction sign but rather a negative sign. In algebraic terms: If x - y = c then x + (-y) = c.

merits enables data sharing between two or more computers. Therefore; 1-minimizes time wastage 2-minimizes energy wastage etc demerits 1-data suffers from lack of privacy 2-your computer will be exposed to trojans(computer viruses)

nope, i have it.

i've had no problems with it

Clock speed determines at what speed the CPU works, in fact faster or more the clock speed faster is the processing speed. Every CPU is designed to operate at a definite speed, Over clocking can sometimes lead to malfunction.

The biggest thing is backups. Using a RAID 1 configuration helps in cases of hardware failure, since if one hard drive fails, you have the other one and can rebuild the set from it with very little downtime. However, unlike backups, RAID 1 (another other RAID configurations) does not protect against data corruption from viruses and deliberate sabotage. Nor does RAID 1 help you if the computer is physically stolen. You can replace the computer, but you cannot replace what is on it as easily a lot of times.

There also needs to be malware solutions. Antivirus utilities are one such help. Safe computing policies and proper Internet settings also help.

Another point is security practices and solutions. Not only do you need protection from data corruption, but also against how the data is used. You don't need your emails getting leaked to your competitors or some group who wants to put you out of business. Nor do you want your computers and network being misused for criminal activities. So you must use the right security and firewall settings, and also secure your networks and relays from being used by those who have no business using them. If espionage is expected, then you have to screen and monitor your employees, and not provide any means for spying (for example, disable external media like USB drives). Sometimes setting the computer to only read outside media is good enough, then nobody can copy it out. But then you run into the possibility of malicious software getting installed, perhaps snooping software, enabling a bad employee to access the company's data from elsewhere.

A bit that travels along an electrical channel in a computer is known as a variable or a component that has value. It is said to have two main values, which is the On and Off which is very logical giving the purpose of its function.

The embedded system is a computing system that interacts with the physical world. The challenges that it faces at present are on how to build on top of a non-deterministic system and how to build on top of a non-continuous system.

the ram memory and the kernel cache
RAM

A phone is full duplex, both can speak and listen at the same time. A CB-radio is half duplex, ony one can speak at a time.

The hardware unit that contains the CPU, the RAM, a hard disk, and a power supply is called the "motherboard."

It's not just set to overnight, it's set to a specific time. The basic setting is 30 minutes before a system goes into hibernate/standby. This can be changed in the power settings of your computer.

Rolltop desks can be purchased from stores like Sears or online at EBay or Kijiji. Another place to find rolltop desks is within the Mennonite communities. Mennonites are well known for their beautiful craftsmanship with building furniture.

It uses binary to create pixels. There are three parts to a pixel; the X coordinate, the Y coordinate, and the color. There is a sort of grid system. The X and Y coordinates tell the monitor where to place the pixel, while the color tells it what color to change it to. The combination of all the millions of pixels creates a picture on-screen.

the smallest type of computer is the palmtop computer

PDA stands for personal digital assistants and is sometimes call a personal PC or a handheld PC

This is a very broad question and covers several levels.

Hardware
If the computer is very old, you could get a newer one. However, if it is quite old, you might find good deals on components on an auction site or be able to win a decent bid. Sometimes $10 for a faster CPU and $10 for more and faster memory helps significantly. You might be able to upgrade the graphics adapter to something somewhat faster for dirt cheap. Sometimes people sell their old ones because they went with faster. As you shop, you should use a good benchmark site.

Software
You can often get a lot of performance though software changes and system maintenance, and most of the software and maintenance is free. Here is how to speed things up from the software end.

1. Visit the Add and Remove Programs or Programs and Features area of the control panel. You may have to change the control panel display options in Vista and Higher to get to see the advanced control panel view. Check the list to see what you don't use, don't recognize, or never recall installing. If it is related to Microsoft, Java, Flash, or has the name of your computer or components manufacturer (nVida, MSI, AMD, ATI, Intel, Asus, Dell, etc.) or seems like a driver, leave it.

2. Go to the Advanced tab of System Properties and you can set the display options to maximum performance. But I would not disable all of that. You might want font smoothing, and you might like the visual styles on the windows and buttons. But do disable a lot of the options here.

3. While in the control panel, you might as well check your hard drive and drive controller options. Go to System and to the Hardware Manager. (As a shortcut to System, you can do the Windows+Pause key combination from anywhere.) In the IDE controller section, you should check to see that the DMA options are enabled if there are any there. For the hard drives, enable all the caches and performance modes, and if it is an internal drive or a stick you keep plugged in, set it to performance instead of ease of removal.

4. Open all the browsers installed, if you use them or not, and find where you manage add-ons (plugins, extensions). See if there are any toolbars you don't use or didn't install. Remove those. That often fixes browser crashes too. If you cannot remove some plugins or the browsers don't work, you can skip that for now. You will make other changes that will fix that.

5. Try installing various malware programs. Most have free versions, but make sure you don't accept any other software like toolbars. Here are some anti-malware programs:

Ad-Aware
AdwCleaner
HitmanPro 32-bit or 64-bit
Malware Bytes
Spybot Search and Destroy

Make sure if you are running it on a machine with UAC enabled that you right click on the programs and run as administrator. If things won't remove, you might have to try a number of options. One is to open the Task Manager (Ctrl-Shift-Esc) and kill any processes you are trying to remove. In Spybot S&D, you should right click and try to jump to the location of what won't remove. If you can find the file in question on the hard drive, you can try to delete it, but if it won't, rename it (one loophole for getting around unwanted locked files). Then you can delete it after rebooting. If the unwanted item is a registry key, and it won't remove, you will need to navigate there (jump to in Spybot) and change the permissions on the unwanted key.

6. If you desire, remove unwanted files. Go to the search bar or the Run command in the Start Menu and type in Cleanmgr.exe. If you are using XP or 2003 Server, you might have to type in the full path to the file and it may be in the \Windows\System folder. On the first page, you can remove logs, empty the trash, remove backups made during an update, etc. You could compress files if given that option, but that could slow things down. On the other page, you can delete all your restore points but the last and any old backups or shadow copies.

If you want to clean more stuff, you will likely want software for this such as Ccleaner unless you want to dig for them.

7. You might want to use Autorunsif you are tech savvy and want to remove invalid or unwanted entries. But only delete those that say "file not found" or which you know you don't want. Or you can just untag things. But be careful and don't make changes with this tool unless you know that you are doing. You will need to start this is administrator mode if you are running Vista or higher and have UAC enabled. If you uncheck an item, that temporarily disables it. Highlighting something and then pressing delete permanently deletes the entry. You will likely only be interested in the first 4 tabs. Other tabs like Services should be left alone unless you know some malware or program you don't want has installed a system service. If you removed malware, you may have a bunch of "file not found" entries in places.

You should generally leave the Boot Execute tab alone other than to check to see there are only 1-2 entries, with one that should read "autocheck autochk *" that's listed as being under the "BootExecute" registry key. In rare situations where this key is damaged, you would right-click and go to "Jump to Entry." That will load the registry editor. Then you can double-click BootExecute inside Regedit and make sure the data field reads "autocheck autochk *" (no quotes) if it doesn't already.

8. If you want to compact the registry, which means to rebuild it to make it smaller, not "clean" it, you can use NTREGOPT. On Vista and higher, you will need to right-click on it and run as Administrator unless you've disabled UAC.

9. You can defragment the computer. Using Windows, you can go to My Computer or Computer and right click on the drive you want to defragment and go to Properties, and then the Tools tab. Or, you can use a 3rd party program like Defragler.

10. There are a number of small or miscellaneous things to try. Sometimes you can make CMOS changes to improve performance. You'd want to make sure you drives all use DMA or UDMA if available, SATA 3 if available, block mode if available. You can disable unused ports and devices, and disable any delays or splash screens. If you are using an on-board video card, you could reserve more system memory for it to improve performance, unless you are low on RAM. If there are any AGP apertures, you can increase those for video performance at the cost of system memory at times. You can increase the latency for PCIe devices to allow them to seize the lines for longer and do more work, and if there is a Generation 3 option, enable it if you are using Generation 3 cards. If your RAM timings or speed are detected wrong, you can sometimes override them in CMOS.

Windows XP and earlier have an advanced system setting in the System area of the control panel that you can disable (Allow Synchronous Commits or whatever) to speed things up, and you should make sure the DMA options for the drives or the drive controller ports are set in the Control Panel.

Flashing the system BIOS can sometimes speed things up, make things more stable, reduce crashes, and allow compatibility with more components. Sometimes new CPUs are released after the BIOS was made, so there may be updates to allow use of the newer components. In one case, certain ATI video cards made the system hang on boot or wait for a long time before booting, and new BIOS code fixed that. Also, most CPUs now use microcode to allow for instruction patching in case the CPU has bugs. That is better for manufacturers than a recall. So newer BIOS versions can patch around a buggy CPU you may have and prevent computational errors or certain crashes.

11. You should reinstall anything that isn't working. If malware trashed your browser(s), you may need to reinstall them.

Firstly do you need to software program. Buying software is one thing but can you use the software for more than filling up space on a hard disk. Any new software will take time for you to learn how to use the program to its best advantage. Then there is the problem of software obtained from a friend rather than bought from the developer. If you want to get 'free' software then you run the risk of getting problems not software which will not be supported by the people who wrote the software in the first place

Cold boot is the term used for starting the computer from the power off condition.

A computer cannot violate your privacy. Data retrieved by a computer program which is evaluated and interpreted by a human should be considered a violation of privacy laws (unless a warrant supported by probable cause exists). If your computer saw you naked, would you be embarassed?

be warned vista will not do this

in the menu bar go tools>folder options>view

uncheck "hide extensions for known file types"

now all files will have 3 or more letters after a dot (example- ps1 game image.ISO .iso being disk image) now right click and click rename and type the extension you want

assuming your on windows and you just want to change what program uses it

Firewalls, Anti-Virus software, and updating your operating system are all ways to safeguard against software theft. Locking tower cases and using lo-jack on computers can safeguard against hardware theft.

Because it's made for relaxing, and reading, surfing the web for information, and have fun playing games (well if adults like playing games)

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All of the above and more is true and, yes, I like playing computer games - its not just a child's right to do so.

Files are stored on a computer hard drive in sectors. If a single file is stored in multiple areas (sectors) then it is considered fragmented. Basically, fragmentation slows down the computers abilty to to access a file quickly and efficently. A defrag program might reconnect the segments of the file and speed up the process of reading a file into memory. This is a simple explanation. For more information do a search for "defrag"