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Cosmology
Cosmology is the area of physics that studies the universe in and of itself. Through the use of incredible and ingenious methods of experimentation, cosmologists attempt to discover how the universe began, how it is developing, and how or if it will end. Questions regarding the Big Bang, dark matter, dark energy, the cosmic background radiation, and the initial formation of the fundamental particles can be placed into this category.
776 Questions
13.7 billions years ago, all matter was infinitely hot and infinitely dense. Space (not matter, but the space containing matter) began to expand very fast, resulting in matter cooling down. The universe consisted of quark-gluon plasma and other elementary particles. Temperatures were so high that the random motions of particles were at relativistic speeds, and particle-antiparticle pairs of all kinds were being continuously created and destroyed in collisions. Baryogenesis (production of an asymmetry between baryons and anti-baryons) leaded to a very small excess of quark and leptons over anti-quarks and anti-leptons. (That's why we have more matter than antimatter in the universe) The Universe continued to grow in size and fall in temperature. Quarks and gluons combined to form baryons such as protons and neutrons. The temperature was now no longer high enough to create new proton-anti-proton pairs. There was a mass annihilation (destruction) that leaved 1/10 000 000 000 of the protons and neutrons, and none of their antiparticle. A similar process happened for electrons and positrons. A few minutes later, neutrons combined with protons to form deuterium (heavy hydrogen) and helium nuclei. After about 379 000 years the electrons and nuclei combined into atoms. Over a long period of time, the slightly denser regions of the nearly uniformly distributed matter gravitationally attracted nearby matter and grew even denser, forming gas clouds, stars, galaxies, etc.
The answer is :The entire universe was formed in a massive explosion that threw all the material that makes up the universe out in all directions at a great speed.***
The previous sentence is completely wrong. There was no explosion of matter from a central point into empty space, it was an EXPANSION, not of matter, but of SPACE ITSELF.
Where was the Big Bang theory born?
There is no point that we can locate in space where the Big Bang began. This is not a perfect way to envision it, but it may help: Imagine the universe as it is, but it is reduced in size to fit into a grape. Now imagine the grape-sized universe expand. At what point did the expansion begin? It really began everywhere, not just at the center of the 'grape'.
When did mayim bialik start on the Big Bang theory?
The character played by Mayim, Amy Farrah Fowler, first appeared in the season finale of Season 3 of the show. When Howard and Raj realize that they have caused Amy and Sheldon to meet, their stated reaction is, "Good God, what have we done?!?" -- and the season then ends in a kind of cliffhanger.
What scientists were involved in the big bang?
The question of what "started" the Big Bang is very much an open topic. We can't be sure that the concept of "started" even applies, since by definition there was nothing - no time, no space, no matter, and no existence - "before" the Big Bang. Or even if the concept of "before the Big Bang" has any validity.
What does the big bang theory not explain?
Why our Universe is composed almost entirely of matter, with almost no anti-matter in it.
Is the big bang theory the most believed theory?
Well in the field of science nothing can be believed firmly,bu taccording to evidences collected till now we have no way but to believe it.The Big Bang Theory states that the universe was created by the huge explosion of two concentrated mass about 13.7 billion years ago.The materials slowly collected to form galaxies and stars as it spread.It is also spreading now.
But their are some religious implications about this theory.Some religious groups believe in it while others do not.
Scientists classify everything in the universe as?
If they are astronomers, they classify everything as 'interesting'.
I think the answer may be something like "matter or energy".
In fact, according to Relativity Theory, mass (of matter) and energy are in many ways equivalent.
"Mass-energy" is a term often used to refer to this fact.
Pretty well everything in the Universe is matter or energy,
Will the universe end in a big rip?
The "big rip" is a possibility that has been discussed, about the future fate of the Universe - not something that has been confirmed.
Was cosmic microwave background radiation part of the Big Bang theory?
Yes. Cosmic background microwave radiation was the "smoking gun" for the idea of the Big Bang. Let's look. Jump with me.
As telescopes became more advanced and observers were more able to "see" the universe, it became apparent that things were moving "away" from earth and its environs. And the farther we looked and were able to see objects, the faster those objects were moving away from us. Simple. Now rewind the film. Things are getting closer and the universe is getting "smaller" as we roll back the clock. If we roll it back far enough, there was a time when everything was "smooshed together" before it went out and "apart" like it's doing. It must have "blown up" to get everything to end up going away from everything else, which it is. Big Bang theory. We good? Let's jump again.
There was a "big bang" and space-time was created and all this stuff began scattering like so much shrapnel from a bomb. The universe was "really small" compared what it is today, and all that matter and energy were crammed in there. It was hot beyond belief. The energy dispersed and matter began to form from the energy. Everything was still beyond the temperature in stars. But it was cooling. As the matter continued to form, the universe cooled more. Stuff spread out more and the universe got cooler and the cycle continued. Really high energy gave way to lower and lower energy, and eventually to the point where only an "afterglow" remained - microwave cosmic background radiation.
Big Bang was proposed way back in the 1920's. And the thinking was, "Gosh, if there was a big bang, what is left from the bang?" It wasn't until 1965 that a couple of guys from Bell Labs who were doing microwave experiments found this radiation. Point a microwave antenna in just about any direction and it's there, a little whisper or echo of the "blast" that was Big Bang.
Because of the big bang our universe was created.
Why is dark matter important to study?
Dark matter is a different type of matter not like we have on Earth; we can prove matter is here on Earth it's called baryonic matter. Dark matter is different it does not emit or reflect electromagnetic radiation which makes it harder for astronomers to find it. Dark matter is observed by the gravitational effect that it has on radiation and the visible universe. The gravitational force it has from dark matter plays a critical role in the shape of the galaxies orbit and the because of the hot gases in the groups of galaxies. Dark matter also has an effect on visible light caused by the groups of galaxies that is more known as gravitational lensing. This unknown matter is called dark matter, because we do not know what these undiscovered matter particles are. In time we will know and discover these particles and will soon be properly understood.
Dark matter and dark energy are different but do have some of the same features. Dark energy is different from dark matter because dark energy is making more room in the galaxies which is making more room; so now since there is so much more room because of the dark energy it is moving all the galaxies around us drift away from us. Astronomers thought that the rate of the universe expanding would soon be slowing to a stop; more recent measurements showed that the rate of the universe expanding is actually going at a faster rate of speed.
The relationship between dark matter and dark energy is that both make up about 96% of the matter in the known universe. They are not the same dark energy is what is creating the expansion of the universe, and dark matter is what holds the universe's galaxies and other objects in place. Although they do share some features, dark matter or dark energy cannot be observed or measured by any of the tools or techniques that we have currently today. They both serve as place holders for basic principles of the universe.
Answer2:
Dark Energy an Dark Matter are the result of defining enerrgy as a scalar quantity. Dark Energy is a vector quantity. This is explained with Newton's Gravity Energy.
Newton's Energy is W = -mGM/r the is a scalar energy, a potential energy.
Newton's Law is as if the mass m is not moving. The mass m is moving and tthus creates momentum, a vector. it als creates cmV=cP vector energy, the so-called Dark Energy. This the total Energy is
W = -mGm/r + cP = -vp + cP
This is a Quaternion Energy consisting of a scalat part and a vector part, cP.
This Dark Enegy cP is larger than the -vP by the ratio of c, the speed of light and v the velocity.
This Dark Energy is also the source of the Dark Matter, cP.
The universe consists of Quaternion quantites, at the scale of the univers and the atom. The Gravitational and Quantum Energy is
W = -vh/2pi r + cP = -vp + cP = [-vp,cP]
The Energy is Conserved at 0 =XW= [d/dr,Del][=vh/2pi r,cP] when v=c.
indicating that the Univers is stationary due to Dark Energy.
0 = [vp/r -cp/r, -1R cp/r + 1R vp/r].
What is the inner layer of the eye is the retina and contains?
the optic nerve and just below an area about 1/4"dia. that contains over 24,000 rods and cones.
Which is thought to be more prevalent in the universe dark matter or dark energy?
Dark energy. The current estimates for the distribution of mass/energy in the Universe are approximately:
68% dark energy
27% dark matter
5% baryonic (i.e. "normal") matter
Why is it unlikely that dark matter is made up of stars?
Dark matter is by definition not visible nor reactive to the electromagnetic force; this would exclude visible matter, including stars. One might argue that the effects which dark matter has been used to explain could be consequential to gravitational pull from ordinary stars, perhaps owing to a gross miscalculation or an incomplete understanding of gravitational force -- but this would be a different position than to say dark matter itself is stellar material.
What are the top ten ways that Earth could be destroyed?
There are several ways in which the Earth might be "destroyed", such as
- every single nuclear bomb available to man going off simultaneously
- the Earth moving even more off its axis
- collision with an asteroid or comet
- depletion of the ozone layer
However, none of these would result in the destruction of the planet, or even guarantee the extinction of life here. That would require either the slow expansion of the Sun, a nova explosion of the Sun, or the effect of another star or black hole. The first possibility, a normal part of stellar evolution, will likely occur over the next 5 billion years, effectively ending the current solar system. Long after the Sun has depleted its hydrogen and helium, it could still interact with other stars, if and when the Milky Way collides with another galaxy.
Nothing lasts forever, but large bodies like the Earth last a very long time. It has existed, as far as science can determine, for some 4.5 billion years. That's 4 thousand and 500 million years.
The planet Earth has suffered some mighty "whacks" from outer space. The extinction of the dinosaurs is thought to have been caused, at least in part, by an asteroid impact. But the Earth itself survived. Other events, known as mass extinctions, wiped out up to 99% of life on our planet. Yet some creatures survived, and life flourished again.
Our best science to date, including detailed surveys of asteroids with orbits that bring them close to Earth, indicate there is nothing to worry about in the foreseeable future.
The most credible threat to life on Earth right now is the activity of humans. This may be a scary thought, but it is something we can control. We humans may decide to start taking better care of our planet. We may decide to stop spending our energies on war.
If we make the right decisions, then it is likely the Earth will not get destroyed.
Is dark matter and God Particle the same?
They have absolutely nothing to do with each other.
Dark matter is that "something out there" that interacts with baryonic matter (ie, that small amount of our Universe we understand) via gravity but not in any other way. We don't have a good idea of what this stuff IS, but we're working on it.
The Higgs Boson (its nickname as the "God Particle" being one of the silliest names for anything in science, ever) is a particle predicted by the (hypothetical) existence of the Higgs Field. If Peter Higgs (and others) was right in explaining why some particles have mass and other particles don't, then the Higgs Boson should exist for about 10^-14 seconds, given the right conditions. When a particles that almost certainly were Higgs were found last year, it was big boost for the correctness of the Higgs Field.
What theory states that the universe began when all of its contents suddenly expand outward?
The Extreme Contraction Theory of Astrophysics.
The answer is "The Big Bang Theory".
What is the secret of the universe?
There could be many answers to this including serious, philosophical, spiritual, mathematical, and then the nonsense and funny answers. My opinion is that there are many secrets we have yet to learn about our universe. For an example of one amazing secret of our universe, read about the "Divine Ratio", also called the Divine Proportion, Phi, the Golden Ratio and several other names. So many of the things we call beautiful, including the human face, the spirals of a sea shell, and what seems like all the natural world is built upon the same formula that involves this specific proportion. See the links below for information to get you started. It is an amazing and eye opening concept, and definitely a secret that you can discover in use all over our universe.
Phi/The Divine Ratio = 1.61803
Another answer:
I have two theories, one is pi = 3.14159265358979323
And the one which i am pretty sure about is... The Secret of the Universe is to live!
Another answer:
In a movie*, the secret of the universe (or anything at all) is 42.
*From: Hitchhikers Guide to the Universe
Another answer:
Love... but, secrets should be kept secret shouldn't they?!
What type of activity has been seen on Io?
Io is the most geologically active object in the Solar System, it has over 400 active volcanoes. So, the answer would be volcanic activity.
If you mean, is it a kind of element that is not presently on the periodic table, the answer is unambiguously 'No.' It's not even a compound -- in fact, it can't consist of any material with charge.
Dark matter interacts with baryonic matter (ie, that small 4% of our Universe that we understand) through gravity, but not in any other way. We know it's out there, but we just don't know what "it" is.
In that sense, dark matter is like x-radiation was, just after Roentgen found it. We know it's there, because we can see its effects -- but we just don't know the WHAT. In both cases, scientists used a name to emphasize its unknown nature.
Does rotation and revolution happen on every planet?
EVERY planet? Well, every one we've examined closely. There are a couple of thousand "exoplanets" that orbit other stars; we know scarcely more about those other than that they exist.
It's highly likely that MOST planets have a revolution; they orbit their parent stars. But while we have not actually discovered any "free planets", what we know of cosmology suggests that there probably are a few "free" planets that do not orbit any star.
From a strictly physics and engineering standpoint, I can say that it's highly likely that every planet rotates. The idea of a planetary body without at least a LITTLE bit of spin is quite unlikely.
But in a galaxy with nearly a trillion stars and probably even more planets, there may be a few that don't rotate.
"Cold" or "hot" are only defined when there are particles that move, so a temperature would not be defined for a perfect vacuum.
How do scientists know that dark matter exists?
Any matter, normal (visible) or dark (invisible), can be noticed by its gravitational attraction. There are several pieces of evidence, all based on the gravitational attraction of some matter that is invisible, but must be there because it has gravitational effects. These include the fact that galaxies rotate way too fast for the amount of known matter, studies on gravitational lensing, and several other pieces of evidence.
After universe ends what will happen?
First, we have no information on whether the universe will end, or if it will continue in perpetuity. It's either one or the other - and yet either answer would be astonishing.
Second, we have no idea how the end of the universe might come about, or what the conditions at the end time would be, or if the concept of "after the end of the universe" has any meaning at all.
One interesting concept is that of an oscillating universe; a Big Bang of expansion, with gravity overcoming everything in the end and pulling every shred of matter back to itself in a "Big Crunch". This could be the prelude to another "big bang". Each universe would be completely new and unaffected by the last.
7 universes spinning counter clock wise.
Another viewpoint. The only time that I have seen this term used is as another way of saying the "Multiverse".
The Multiverse is a large number of "parallel" Universes.
There are several different theories that propose the Multiverse, of which our Universe would be just a small part.
