Cosmology

It is important to first realize that the big bang theory is a theory; it is not a physical law on its own for which there might be loopholes.

However, I think (correct me if I am wrong though), that you are referring to the idea that the big bang theory states that the Universe started with a bang which just came into being out of nothing.

This is not entirely correct, the big bang theory does not implicitly say that the Universe came into being at some point; it only says that in the distant past the Universe was very small and that it has been expanding ever since. This statement is well verified by observations and measurements. It does not claim or explain how the Universe came into being.

It might sound reasonable that the Universe somehow came into being as a point, and it would fit with the above statements, but the creation of the Universe itself is not yet something that science can say much about. There are models, such as string theory, that sometimes have things to say about this, but they are far from testable at this stage.

So, yes, it is possible that something else happened before the Universe became tiny and started to expand, and it wouldn't contradict with the big bang theory at all.

No, the sun is not dark matter. Dark matter is a mysterious form of matter that does not emit, absorb, or reflect light. The sun, on the other hand, is a star that emits light and heat due to nuclear reactions happening at its core.

No,

This assumes that the universe is a closed system, while this seems a reasonable hypothesis, the modern big bang theory actually states outright that the universe is not a closed system. Conservation of energy is also violated in the current model, the total energy of the universe is increasing.

No. Dark Matter is the cause of a number of galaxies and galaxy clusters apparently having far more mass than they should. Scientists still do not know what dark matter is. It appears to interact with the rest of the universe only through gravity; there is nothing to indicate it has anything to do with consciousness. The idea dark matter relating to consciousness likely comes from Phillip Pullman's fantasy book series His Dark Materials in which dark matter is the stuff of consciousness.

Not especially, no. In fact, it's so little like water that I can't even begin to imagine why you would think it might possibly be like water.

Transition B produces light with half the wavelength of Transition A, so the wavelength is 200 nm. This is due to the inverse relationship between energy and wavelength in the electromagnetic spectrum.

Scientists believe that gravity was responsible for clumping matter together to form the first stars after the Big Bang. Gravity caused the dense regions of matter to attract more matter, which eventually led to the formation of the first stars.

At present, the size of our Universe is unknown. Because light can travel no more than about 300,000 kilometers per second, and because light has only been traveling to us since the time of recombination; there is a limit on how much of our Universe we can see. How much larger is our Universe, beyond what we can presently see, is a matter of speculation.

By adding one electron to an element with 9 protons and 10 neutrons, you would create a negatively charged ion. The electron would occupy an orbital in the electron cloud, resulting in the element being one electron short of achieving a stable electron configuration. This ion would have a charge of -1 due to the extra electron.

The most widely accepted explanation for the start of the universe is the Big Bang theory. This theory suggests that the universe began as a singularity that rapidly expanded about 13.8 billion years ago, creating everything we see today.

Episode 1 : "When Pants Attack" , was in the first season and aired July 20, 2002 .

you should read up on the alien thing, although i believe they may be out there, we do not know that they are, so we can safely say probably never, at least for now...

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An innocent passerby stopped to remark:

I like that: " ... never, at least for now ... "

When you try to grab it and inspect it a little more closely,

it makes about as much sense as:

"This statement is false."

April the gorlock appears in the episode titled "Monster Hunt" in the animated series "Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius." She is a fearsome creature that Jimmy and his friends encounter while on a camping trip.

Galileo did not contribute to the Big Bang Theory directly as his work focused on astronomy, not cosmology. The Big Bang Theory was developed in the 20th century based on evidence from observations of the universe's expansion. Galileo's contributions to astronomy include improving the telescope and making important astronomical observations, such as the phases of Venus and the moons of Jupiter.

The Big Bang Theory is very well accepted by the scientific community; it is considered to be solidly supported, and it is regarded as the best theory that we presently have, to explain the origin of the universe as we know it.

Quarks.

They come in a total of 6 varieties called (flavours). Up, down, strange, charm, bottom and top which are figurative names describing various properties.

Different combinations of quarks make up Neutrons and protons and other less stable particles.

To find out details please look up quantum chromodynamics. The term quark was applied by Murray Gell-Mann.

No. Atomic hydrogen has one proton and one electron.

This explains the input of several astronomers into this theory. Copernicus: In 1418-30, he did his work on 'On the Revolutions of Celestial Spheres' In this book, he suggested that Earth rotated daily on its axis and that it orbits the Sun every year. He also said that other planets also rotated around the Sun, and that the Earth wobbled slightly as it span on its orbit. His theory, did not disagree completely with the older ideas; he still said that there were solid planet bearing spheres and that the outermost sphere contained the stars. He also explained that the Earth was not at the centre of the Universe. This caused uproar in the Catholic Church, because it disagreed with the God's Perfect Creation theory. Galileo: Galileo first studied the moon. He discovered that the moon was not smooth, but heavily cratered. He went on to discover, four satellites (moons) orbiting Jupiter. After this, he then discovered Saturn's rings, but he did not know what they were. These discoveries, made it very difficult to defend the perfect universe theory, with perfect smooth bodies of all the objects. He then noticed that Venus went through phases like the moon (ie: full, half, new etc.). This proved that Venus could not be orbiting the Earth, but had to be orbiting the Sun. After Copernicus' and Galileo's theories, the Inquisition of Rome was formed saying that after looking into the theories, they were absurd. They said that they were heretical. Eventually, Galileo was charged by the Inquisition, and was put under house arrest. Kepler: In 1592, Kepler became an apprentice to Brahe, a man who owned the largest collection of astronomical instruments in the world. When Brahe died, Kepler inherited them all. He immediately sent Galileo a message of encouragement, and then looked at a calculation that Galileo had sent him. Using Brahe's charts, Kepler was able to show that planets had elliptical orbits, and that this usually was the case. However, he soon died in poverty, as Protestant beliefs disagreed with his findings.

Creations scientists say that star formation is almost impossible because of certain scientific laws that prevent it from happening. Gas naturally expands and fills its container, in space there is no container. It expands indefinitely and is very resistant to compression. They also say that gas pressure exceeds the gravity that a typical nebula creates therefore allowing them to expand without collapsing onto themselves. Another factor is the gas' magnetic field. Weak when dispersed, strong when compressed. The concentrated magnetic pressure would only cause the gas to expand again. Like trying to put two magnets together with the same pole facing each other: N-N, or S-S. They would just push apart. These are just a couple of reasons why creationists claim that we don't see stars forming.

Creationists support their claims with material that was written prior to 1986 and material that was written by people without appropriate training in astrophysics. Their claims were firmly demolished in 1993 when the Hubble Telescope began sending its first pictures of star forming areas in the galaxy. It provided evidence of star formation at all stages of the process. Modern technology uses a variety of techniques (xrays and infra red spectrometry and such) to penetrate the dust clouds of star forming mats so that we can see right to the center of the forming star. Other techniques can measure the composition of the forming star which provide information about the stage of formation that the proto-star has reached.

A star develops from a giant, slowly rotating cloud that is made up entirely or almost entirely of hydrogen and helium. Due to its own gravitational pull, the cloud begins to collapse inward, and as it shrinks, it spins more and more quickly, with the outer parts becoming a disk while the innermost parts become a roughly spherical clump. This collapsing material grows hotter and denser, forming a ball-shaped proto-star. When the heat and pressure in the proto-star reaches about 1.8 degrees F (1 million degrees C), atomic nuclei that normally repel each other start fusing together, and the star ignites. Nuclear fusion converts a small amount of the mass of these atoms into extraordinary amounts of energy - for instance, 1 gram of mass converted entirely to energy would be equal to an explosion of roughly 22,000 tons of TNT.

The further away the galaxy the faster the star nurseries make stars. The current pattern suggests that there are now considerably less stars being formed than there was in the past.

Although stars form over millions to billions of years, one amateur astronomer was lucky enough to catch the actual instant when a forming star ignited. There can be no doubt, even for amateurs, that stars are continuing to form.

Just as with any other element, tin has different isotopes, each with a different number of neutrons. Depending on the isotope, a tin atom can have between 49 and 87 neutrons. For more details, read the Wikipedia article on "isotopes of tin". If you don't know what an "isotope" is, you should read the article on "Isotopes" first.

Neutron therapy is a type of radiation therapy that uses high-energy neutrons to treat certain types of cancers, such as certain types of brain tumors and salivary gland tumors. Neutron therapy targets and damages cancer cells while sparing surrounding healthy tissues.

We know how big it is now, we know how old it is, and we know the rate of expansion. Its like rewinding a movie that you started in the middle. We just rewind the known universe as it is now. We dont know how big it was before the big bang but we know how big it was at the initial kaboom.

Aristotle studied a wide range of fields, including philosophy, ethics, politics, physics, biology, and metaphysics. He made significant contributions to each of these disciplines, shaping the foundations of Western thought.

There is no evidence to support your hypothesis.

As far as we can tell, our Universe is the only one there is.

MIGHT there be other Universes? Yes.

We are unaware of any physical law that forbids their existence.

But what is the difference between an alternate Universe that we have no way of knowing about and an alternate Universe that doesn't exist?