Is excommunication a practice of modern times?
People can still be excommunicated today. I have known at least one person who was excommunicated from the Roman Catholic Church because she got a divorce and remarried without permission of the Church.
Roman Catholic AnswerThe following sins bring about an automatic excommunication(just committing the sin makes you excommunicate):1) An apostate from the faith, a heretic, or a schismatic
2) Profanation of the Eucharist
3) Physical attack against the Roman Pontiff
4) Absolution against an accomplice in a sin against the sixth Commandment
5) Consecration of a bishop without a pontifical mandate
6) A priest who violates the sacramental seal of confession
7) A person who procures a complete abortion
The following are not subject to a penalty when they have violated a law or precept:
1. a person who has not yet completed the sixteenth year of age
2. a person who without negligence was ignorant that he or she violated a law or precept; inadvertence and error are equivalent to ignorance
3. a person who acted due to physical force or a chance occurrence which the person could not foresee or, if foreseen, avoid
4. a person who acted coerced by grave fear, even if only relatively grave, or due to necessity or grave inconvenience unless the act is intrinsically evil or tends to the harm of souls
5. a person who acted with due moderation against an unjust aggressor for the sake of legitimate self defense or defense of another.
6. a person who lacked the use of reason, without prejudice to the prescripts of canon 1324, second 1, n. 2 and canon 1325
7. a person who without negligence thought that one of the circumstances mentioned in nn 4 or 5 was present
Yes, they can be both baptised but the religion that baptises the child last is the one that stands. Therefore, there really isn't any point in doing both baptism except to appease the grandparents. Just decide on the religion and baptise.
Why is the split of the Church into the Orthodox and Catholic important?
their beliefs are a bit different in some ways
Roman Catholic AnswerFirst of all the Church did not "split" into two. The Catholic Church was established by Jesus Christ and the Holy Spirit, and God, Himself, has guaranteed to be with It until the end of time. He guaranteed that It would be ONE, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic. So the Orthodox left the Church, in other words, they split from It; well, technically, they are in schism.It is important because it is a major tragedy that so many people have been brought up outside the Church proper. The Orthodox do have valid Sacraments and Orders (They have a valid priesthood, Mass, and other sacraments) to that extent they are part of the Catholic Church. But they are in schism, and it is a major scandal (in the religious sense of the word: any action or its omission, not necessarily sinful in itself, that is likely to induce another to do something morally wrong.)
from A Catholic Dictionary, edited by Donald Attwater, Second edition, revised 1957
The Schism of the East the estrangement and severance from the Holy See of what is now called the Orthodox Easter Church was a gradual process extending over centuries. After a number of minor schisms the first serious, though short, break was that of Photius; from then on tension between East and West increased, and the schism of Cerularius occurred in 1054. From then on the breach gradually widened and has been definitive since 1472. There was a formal union from the 2nd Council of Lyons in 1274 until 1282, and a more promising one after the Council of Florence from 1439 to 1472. After the capture of Constantinople it was in the Turkish interest to reopen and widen the breach with the powerful Roman church; the patriarchates of Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem were dragged into this policy, Russia and the Slav churches stood out the longest of any: none of these churches, except Constantinople itself in 1472, formally and definitely broke away from the unity of the Church. But in the course of centuries the schism has set and crystallized into a definite separation from the Holy See of many million people with a true priesthood and valid sacraments. The origins, causes and development of the schism are matters of much complication, still not fully unraveled.
Who are the great people in defending the Church against heresies?
Heresy has been around since the founding of the Church by Jesus Christ. In the Acts of the Apostles Simon Magus, often considered as the first of the Gnostics, is identified as being a reprobate of the Faith. St. Paul and other New Testament writers frequently warn against those twisting scriptures, traditions and beliefs to their own ways. In the beginning, St. Paul is one of the first defenders of the Faith in the written word, trying to reinforce the Christian doctrine already laid down in the fledging areas of the Church. Justin Martyr, Pope Clement I, Polycarp, Iraeneus of Lyons were all early defenders who wrote treatises specifically against Gnosticism and other smaller strains and Origen and Tertullian must also be credited before they themselves fell into heresy. All the early popes were charged with the defense of the Church and for the first four centuries very few were not martyred or exiled as a result. When Arianism gripped the Church it was Bishop Athanasius of Alexandria who rose to its defense until the tides definitively turned against the prevalent heresy at the council of Nicaea. Those who have been recognized by the Church as Her most dedicated and erudite defenders have been designated by the title of "doctor". These doctors here follow(there are 33 in all):
Western Early Church Doctors (the original four doctors)
St. Ambrose, 340-397 (Pastoral Doctor)
St. Jerome, 345-420 (Doctor of the Bible)
St. Augustine, 354-430 (Doctor of Grace)
St. Gregory the Great, 540-604 (Doctor of Hymnology)
Eastern Early Church Doctors
St. Athanasius, 295-373 (Doctor of Orthodoxy)
St. Basil the Great, 330-379 (Doctor of Monasticism)
St. Gregory Nazianzus, 330-390 (Doctor of Theologians)
St. John Chrysostom, 345-407 (Doctor of Preachers)
Other Early Church Doctors
St. Ephraem, 306-373 (Doctor of Deacons and Poets)
St. Hilary, 315-368 (Doctor of Christ's Divinity)
St. Cyril of Jerusalem, 315-387 (Doctor of Faith and against Heresy)
St. Cyril of Alexandria, 376-444 (Doctor of the Incarnation)
St. Leo the Great, 390-461 (Doctor of Doctrine)
St. Peter Chrysologus, 400-450 (Doctor of Homilies)
St. Isidore, 560-636 (Doctor of Education)
St. Bede, the Venerable, 673-735 (Doctor of English History)
St. John Damascene, 676-749 (The Icon or Image Doctor)
St. Peter Damian, 1007-1072 (Doctor of Reform and Renewal)
Church Doctors of the Middle Ages
St. Anselm, 1033-1109 (Doctor of Scholasticism)
St. Bernard of Clairvaux, 1090-1153 (Devotional and Eloquent Doctor)
St. Anthony of Padua, 1195-1231 (Evangelical Doctor)
St. Albert the Great, 1200-1280 (Doctor of Science)
St. Bonaventure, 1217-1274 (Seraphic Doctor)
St. Thomas Aquinas, 1225-1274 (Angelic Doctor)
St. Catherine of Siena, 1347-1379 (Doctor of Unity)
Counter-Reformation Church Doctors
St. Teresa of Avila 1515-1582 (Doctor of Prayer)
St. Peter Canisius, 1521-1597 (Doctor of Catechetical Studies)
St. John of the Cross, 1542-1591 (Mystical Doctor)
St. Robert Bellarmine, 1542-1621 (Doctor of Church State Relations)
St. Lawrence of Brindisi, 1559-1622 (Doctor of Conversions and Missions)
St. Francis de Sales, 1567-1622 (Doctor of Authors and the Press)
Church Doctors of the Modern Era
St. Alphonsus Liguori, 1696-1787 (Morality and Marian Doctor)
St. Therese of Lisieux, 1873-1897 (Doctor of Confidence and Missionaries)
The Greek word "ephimerios" is a priest in charge of a parish, and is sometimes called a Rector or Vicar in English. For example, in a parish where there are two priests, the Ephimerios would be the senior priest.
Where would a stranger be accommodated in a monastery?
Most larger monasteries have guest houses or rooms for pilgrims and visitors. However, in most cases, monasteries for men will only accept male pilgrims staying overnight, and monasteries for women (or convents) will only accept female pilgrims staying overnight. It is also important to remember that monasteries require visitors and pilgrims to dress appropriately before being allowed in. For example, no shorts or short sleeves or revealing clothes are allowed. Where possible, it is always best to ring in advance to ask about their dress code, and also to ask if there are available beds or accommodation for visitors and pilgrims.
Do the parents give a gift to the godparents?
The tradition is that the Godparents of the kid are the same persons who were the witnesses at the wedding.
So, depending on the local Church tradition, you may give a gift to the Godparents. The usual within Bulgarian Orthodox Christians is that the Godparent will make a gift to the Godchild.
When is the date when catholic and orthodox churches split?
The simple answer in 1054, when the Patriarch of Constantinople, and the great majority of the Christian Churches and Bishops in the East and Middle East, refused the demand by Pope Leo IX to recognise the Roman branch of the Church as the 'Mother and Head' of all Christian Churches - ie to recognise the Pope in Rome as the head of all Christians. Prior to this, the Pope had been given the respect of being the first Bishopric of Christianity, but no special position or authority had been given. In terms of numbers of believers, wealth, number of Bishops, amount of land and importance of the Churches involved, the great majority sided with the Patriarch, only the comparatively weak and small Chuurches in Rome, France, Spain and parts of Germany siding with the Pope. Therefore, it is fairest to call this the birth of the Roman Catholic Church, rather than the Orthodox Church splitting from Rome, especially as the Orthodox Churches did not, in fact, change anything; they simply refused to accept political changes being demanded by the Pope to increase his wealth and influence over other Churches.
In 1054 the Pope excommunicated the Patriarch and his followers, and the Patriarch excommunicated the Pope and his.
The simple division between East and West is a bit of a mis-nomer, as some in the East followed the Pope, some in the West did not. Probably the best example is in England, where Papal reforms of the Church were refused, and where Latin was not widely used in Church services, English being the main language - both being acts that were consistant with the Eastern Church, now called the Orthodox Church, but not with the Roman Church. Many have argued that 1066 and the Battle of Hastings was, in fact, the First Crusade of the Papacy - it certainly forced papal reform on an unwilling English nation, and King Harald's daughter married the orthodox King of the Ukraine, their son being the founder of Moscow and, indirectly, the Russian Orthodox Church. A great many Saxon nobles and fighting men sought refuge in Constantinople, and followed the Patriarch willingly.
However, 1054 is too simple a date. There had been a growing rift between the 'Western' (mainly Latin) and 'Eastern' (mainly Greek) Churches for about 400 years prior to this, as the form of worship, liturgy and language all diverged. There had been at least six prior schisms, although all were quickly healed.
Also, pilgrims from the Orthodox Churches continued to visit Rome, and Constantinople, Greece and the Orthodox Middle East were all places of pilgrimage for Western Christians and, later, the crusades were a joint exercise between the two.
1054 is the official date for the birth of the Roman Catholic Church and its split away from the main body of Christendom; in fact, there is no one date that can really be given, as it took place over a period of centuries and, in many respects, is still going on today.
Explain why Roman Catholics and Orthodox Christians worship in different ways?
The Orthodox Church worships the way Peter and the first church did. Due to the Great Schism, the Catholics follow this way of worshipping, but have modernized it a little. Orthodox Christians also follow the Julian calendar, except for Christmas, while the Catholics follow the Gregorian
Did the pope lead The Orthodox Church in the Great Schism?
No, Patriarch Michael I still lead The Orthodox Church during the Great Schism.Pope Leo IX still led the Roman Catholic Church, but it was at this point when he tried to bring The Orthodox Church under his control.
Roman Catholic AnswerIn the Catholic Church, the "Great Schism" usually refers to the Western schism when there were two, sometimes, three claimants to the papal throne. The pope had moved to Avignon, in France; another Pope was elected in Rome. This went on from 1378 until 1417. The Schism of the East in 1054 was between the Catholic Church and what is now called the Orthodox Church, is sometimes now in popular cultures as "the Great Schism". But, as I said, it is confusing as that technically refers to the Schism of the West not the East.What are 3 things Epiphany commemorates?
The Epiphany is a feast commemorated Christ's manifestation to the world, particularly the Gentiles. It celebrates three events in Our Blessed Lord's life: 1) the adoration of the magi, 2) His Baptism in the Jordan, and 3) His first miracle at Cana, when He changed water into wine.
Who held the power in the Eastern Orthodox Church?
The Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople is considered the spiritual leader of Orthodox Christians; however, this position is not analogous to that of the Pope of the Roman Catholic Church. As the Orthodox Church considers Jesus Christ the head of the Church, the Ecumenical Patriarch is simply considered as 'first among equals.' The Patriarchs of Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem then follow the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople in seniority respectively.
What Spiritual gifts according to the orthodox church?
Spritual gifts can be referred to the fruits of the spirits. And these are listed to be love, patience, kindness, and hope. This is recorded in the new testament of the Bible.
How is the understanding of sin different between Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox church?
The Roman Catholics believe that we inherit original sin from Adam and Eve. The Orthodox Church believes that, while the sin of Adam and Eve caused the "Fallen nature" of the world, we are no longer guilty of their sin, because of Jesus Christ (the New Adam) and the Holy Virgin Mary (the New Eve) have saved us from sins. The Virgin Mary's role is by giving birth to the Saviour and by praying to God on our behalf. Christ's role as our Saviour is by cleansing us of our sins (initially via baptism and also via confession) through His death and glorious resurrection on the Cross.
This was confirmed by Jesus in the Bible when His disciples asked Him "who sinned, this man or his parents, that he was born blind?" Jesus ed, "Neither this man nor his parents sinned, but that the works of God should be revealed in him." (John 9:2-3).
We are responsible for our own sins, not those of others, and we will all be judged according to our individual works at the Second Coming of Christ. (2Timothy 4:1, Revelation 20:12, 22:12).
Gods own spirit at work in us and your world can be understood by what part of the holy trinity?
God's own spirit and his work manifests in our world in a form best understood as the Holy Spirit. The Holy Spirit is a member of the holy trinity.
Does Orthodox Church believe in papal infallibility?
i am orthodox and personally i have never heard of this papal infallibility been used in the church or dogmata.
When was greek orthodox Easter 1950 Julian calendar?
Greek Orthodox Easter 1950 fell on April 9 in the Julian calendar.
What is the difference between the Trinity in the Western and Eastern Orthodox church?
The Trinity is exactly the same, ie. Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.
What came first Catholicism or Eastern Orthodox Christianity?
Both churches regard themselves as the true descendant church of the early Christian church, so it's more proper to say that they originated at the same time or along parallel paths until they split formally from each other. Yet, The Orthodox Church has only changed 1 thing about itself since the year 33 A.D. - The Language the Liturgy is performed in (Greek, Russian, Ukrainian, etc.) The Roman Catholic Church has made many changes, and also had many other sects break off of it.
What is the skull on the bottom of a Russian crucifix?
The Lord on the Cross after His side was opened and His blood and water flowed out. On the right and left of the Cross stand the Mother of God and St. John, His beloved disciple. The Cross stands on Golgotha, the place of Adam's skull, with angels flying overhead, looking down in wonder.
Greek orthodox church is also known as the?
Eastern Orthodox Church (or the Christian Orthodox Church).