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Electrical Engineering

Electrical engineering is a field of engineering that deals with the study and application of electricity, electronics and electromagnetism.

23,056 Questions

What is the difference between a electrical reactor and a electrical transformer?

A reactor is composed of a coil of wire. A transformer is at least two coils, wrapped around a core. The core provides a path for the magnetic flux, which results in strong magnetic coupling between the coils. This allows a voltage applied to one coil to be induced in the second coil.

With this in mind, some differences are:

-Function - a reactor can be used in filters, to control system voltage (pull extra VARs off the bulk electric grid), and to isolate circuits from a noisy ground, among other things. A transformer can be used to step voltage or current up or down, and to isolate circuits from eachother, among other uses.

-Size - Reactors are inherently smaller than transformers. You likely have some reactors in your computer monitor that look very much like resistors. Transformers are much more obvious. Utility size reactors can be as big as utility transformers, though.

-Terminations - A reactor is a two - terminal device. A transformer will have at least three, and likely many more terminals.

-Cost - Reactors are cheaper - last time I purchased for a small signal design project I spent as little as 20 cents (US) per reactor. The last small transformer I purchased was $6.00. When you start getting into larger sized equipment, the difference becomes less extreme.

How linear induction motor work?

The linear induction motor works on the same principle as that of normal induction motor with difference that instead of rotational movement, the rotor moves linearly. If the stator and rotor of the induction motor are made flat then it forms the linear induction motor. The flux produced by the flate stator moves linearly with the synchronous speed from one end to the other. The synchronous speed is given by,

v

s = 2wf

where v

s = Linear Synchronous Speed (m/s)

w = Width of one pole pitch (m)

f = Frequency of supply (Hz)

It can be seen that the synchronous speed is independent of number of poles but depends only one width of pole pitch and supply frequency.

What are the approximations of open circuit and short circuit tests?

Firstly turn of the power before this test...
Using a resistance or continuity tester you should get the following results:

Short circuit: Very low resistance (nearly 0 ohms) or the bell will ring.
Open circuit: Very high resistance (Somewhere in the range of Mega ohms) or the bell will not ring.

The reason for this is because and open circuit has a gap in it (which has high resistance).
The short circuit has wires that are crossed and so has a really low resistance.

What is the full load loss of a 630 kva distribution transformer?

Much to my dismay i found its an experimental value, depends on type of core, cooling tech, resistance of wiring etc.

How can an ac generator be converted to DC generator?

It may not be possible to physically convert AC generator to DC generator. What can be done is that 'Rectifier' of suitable capacity can be connected to the out put of AC generator to get DC supply.

What does the word amps mean?

Amps is short for amperes, a measure of current in electricity. It is equivalent to one coulomb (a unit of charge) per second and is named after André-Marie Ampère.

Answer

An 'amp' is a widely-used, but incorrect, symbol for the 'ampere', the SI unit of measurement for electric current. The correct symbol is an upper-case 'A'.

The ampere is one of seven SI Base Units, and is defined in terms of the force between two, parallel, current-carrying conductors due to the magnetic fields set up around those conductors.

What will happens to current when cable length increases?

With a constant voltage and increase in wire length will increase the end to end resistance and therefore the current will decrease.

How does AMF panel for generator work?

AMF stand for Auto Mains Failure. Generally a generator/alternator power and normal commercial line switching over is done through it. A normal changeover, if mains fails you have switch the load circuit to generator, and when mains restors, generator supply will be cut off and fed to mains.

in AMF this done by contactors and control circuits.

if you want to know more......

What are the types of motor controls?

motor can be control by using variable frequency drive

The total resistance of a parallel circuit is 25 ohm's if the total current is 100 milliamps how much current is through a 220 ohm resistor that makes up part of the parallel circuit?

The equation for parallel circuit is:

1 / X = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + ... + 1/RN

Plug in the known resistances:

1 / 25 = 1 / 220 + 1 / X

Solve for X:

1 / 25 - 1 / 220 = 1 / X

8.8 / 220 - 1 / 220 = 1 / X

7.8 / 220 = 1 / X

X = 220 / 7.8

X = 28.20512821

What are the advantages of 3 phase generators as compared to single phase generators?

For those who need a three-phase supply, they are essential. If a single-phase supply is needed, a three-phase generator is uneconomic.

Three-phase is used for loads of more than about 15-20 kVA.

If the current flowing through an electric heater increases from 6 to 12 amp while the voltage remains the same the heat produced by the heater will be what?

Since power is current times voltage, doubling current while keeping voltage the same will double the power. Ignoring slight non-linearity, if the power doubles, the heat will double.

What is difference between cable tray and cable trunks?

Cable tray is a system of wiring in a building in which insulated electrical wires are used to distribute power and communication to various access points. Cable trunks are power supply lines that are used to distribute power and communication services to large areas such as industrialized cities.

Is there a difference between a mains adapter and a power adapter?

The English term mains electricity usually refers to the general purpose alternating current (AC) electrical power supply. The term is not often used in the USA and Canada. There, mains power has a variety of names: These include household power, household electricity, domestic power, wall power, line power, AC power, city power, and grid power. So you see, that a mains adapter must be a power adapter.

What are dangers of stealing electricity from the national electricity grid?

The same as stealing anything else.

With the exception that you're deeling with high voltages and power. To steal electricity, you'd need to modify or create a connection to the electric grid. Depending on the magnitude of power you pull, this can be detectible by the power company immediately, or will be detected given enough time. But the main point is you have to get close to the line, which is a bad idea to say the least, unless you are trained, and have the proper protective equipment.

Besides this, you face prosecution when (not if) caught.

Why is there a phase difference in common emitter configuration?

The phase shift from input to output is 180 degrees, which is just another way of saying the signal is flipped in polarity. What the phase shift means is that as the input starts going positive, the output starts going negative. The phase shift is due to how the device works in that configuration. Let's say it's operating in class A where the device is never cut off or reaches saturation during a full cycle of the input. The base is static biased to have the device running in the middle of its operating curve. It idles as some nominal value of Ic and awaits an input signal. When the voltage on the input starts to go positive, the device is forward biased even more than it was at idle. As forward bias increases, collector current increases. That's how the device works. Turn it on more, and more current flows through it. As collector current increases, collector voltage decreases. There's the key. Increasing base voltage causes increasing collector current and decreases collector voltage. Increasing base voltage causes decreasing collector voltage. And the opposite is true. That's it in a nutshell. Common emitter configurations phase shift signals by 180 degrees. And now you know how they do it.

What is the max current carrying capacity of 1mmsq copper cable?

It depends on the type of conductor, how many cores, type of insulation, how it is installed, etc. You will need to consider each of these factors, and check it out in the appropriate conductor data tables (e.g. in BS 761:2008).

What happens to resistance when length of conductor is doubled without affecting thickness of conductor?

Nothing. Resistivity is a physical characteristic of a material. It's not affected by its shape, etc.

What happens during energy conversion?

There is no physical connection between the primary and secondary of a transformer. A transformer is essentially 2 laminated coils of wire interwoven with each other. The magnetic field created in the primary coil is induced into the secondary coil creating voltage on the secondary side.

What is the function of the junction box on a three-phase motor?

Junction Box - an octagonal shaped electrical material where the connections or joints of wires are being done. It is also where the flush type lamp holder is attached. This could be made of metal or plastic (PVC) Polyvinylchloride.

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The function of a junction box is to suppress the spread of fire. In an electrical system the most likely spot for a fire to start is where wires are connected together. Loose connection of joined wires will create a resistance point. Over time with the current flowing through the connection it will heat and cool. This increases the resistance. Without repairs to this situation there will come a time when this heat will reach a combustible temperature. The junction box will suppress the spread of this fire by cutting off the oxygen supply to the fire. If the wire connection junction was in an open wall adjacent to combustible products, the fire could spread to wall studs and then combustion could overtake the whole house.

Where do you use a full wave rectifier?

Right: Example out of a transformer AC to DC

Another Answer:

Anywhere there is AC and DC is required. A full wave rectifier is a circuit that produces a DC pulse using both halves of an AC sine wave - full wave rectifier.