Electrical Troubleshooting

RMS and peak voltage for a square waveform are the same. There is a small caveat, and that is that you'd have to have a "perfect" square wave with a rise time of zero. Let's have a look. If we have a perfect square wave, it has a positive peak and a negative peak (naturally). And if the transition from one peak to the other can be made in zero time, then the voltage of the waveform will always be at the positive or the negative peak. That means it will always be at its maximum, and the effective value (which is what RMS or root mean square is - it's the DC equivalent or the "area under the curve of the waveform") will be exactly what the peak value is. It's a slam dunk. If we have a (perfect) square wave of 100 volts peak, it will always be at positive or negative 100 volts. As RMS is the DC equivalent, or is the "heating value for a purely resistive load" on the voltage source, the voltage will always be 100 volts (either + or -), and the resistive load will always be driven by 100 volts. Piece of cake.

The symbol, kV.A (not 'kva'), represents kilovolt amperes, which is the unit of measurement for apparent power -i.e. the product of supply voltage and load current in an a.c. circuit. The symbol, kV (not'kv'), represents kilovolts, which is the unit of measurement for potential difference.

A tariff is a duty imposed on goods when they are moved across a political boundary. They are usually associated with protectionism, the economic policy of restraining trade between nations. For political reasons, tariffs are usually imposed on imported goods, although they may also be imposed on exported goods.

I assume you are asking about AC generators.

The controller is wired up with suitable transducers and other control wiring to obtain required signals from the electrical bus.

Three DG sets are feeding the common bus bar through isolating breakers.

Conditions for a successful synchronization are equal voltage, equal frequency (Hertz) defined by the speed, same phase sequence. (say R Y B phases must match with R Y B of the incoming DG set)

One DG is started with some load (at least 60 to 70 % of load) and the common bus is energized. The second DG to be brought in by closing the breaker either manually or automatically. Start the second DG. The controller reads the bus parameter and incoming DG parameter in real time and moment the incoming DG parameters match with running DG parameters, controller allows the incoming breaker to close. Both DG are now synchronized and load is shared. Same way put on third DG set and synchronize.

it is a star to star connected transformer. It having two neutrals. One is at Primary side and another is at secondary side to balance the loads.

Y= Primary star connection

N=Primary Neutral

y=secondary star connection

n=secondary neutral

and

0=No phase shift between primary and secondary.

So,finally this meaning is star to star connected with two neutrals and zero phase displacement.

Please refer below i detailed some notations to calculate any other vector groups

D= Primary Delta connection

d=Secondary Delta connection

a=Auto transformer

Z=Zig zig connection

11=30 degrees phase shift b/w primary & secondary

1= 30 degrees phase shift b/w primary & secondary

1) Consider capital letters for Primary notations

2) Consider small letters for secondary notations

3) Consider Clock reference at 12.00 for calculation of degrees

I think this procedure is very useful to calculate for other vector groups.

A 'polarity test', as it applies to a switch, is performed to confirm that the switch is located in the line conductor and not in the neutral conductor.

The starter motor of a diesel generator is a DC motor. Depending on the size of the diesel engine the starter motor could be 12 volts or 24 volts. Sometimes more that one battery is used at the specific voltage. These batteries are connected in parallel to create more amp hour cranking power.

A transient voltage is a time varying voltage value. Transient says that the voltage value changes, especially from a steady state, to a new value, then back again.

Contact your power provider or power company. 3 phase sometimes is not available in certain areas (mostly rural). They have to run extra wires from the power pole or grid to your place where you want 3 phase.

Different material welds differently depending on polarity. There are also different types of welding rods, so polarity must be tested.

Not usually, but it may depend on the context. For instance, surge current might be used for a generator that is going to start a motor. Motors draw high current as they start, then the current drops to a normal level, called RLA, or running load amps. Generators have a watt rating for continuous operation called running watts, but they also have a 'surge' rating. You might see a generator listed as a '6000/5200 watt. The 6000 watts is the 'surge' rating. This means the generator can supply 6000 watts for a few seconds, such as might be needed to start a motor, but cannot supply more than 5200 watts continuously. Short circuit current on the other hand simply means how many amps will flow instantaneously if you drop a wrench across the two wires! For a normal utility power service, the short circuit current, also called fault current, can be several tens of thousands of amps, even though the main breaker is only a couple hundred amps.

A megger test is done to check the insulation factor of wires or devices. This is to make sure that when the working voltage is applied, a short circuit to ground will not occur due to a problem with the insulation of the device or wire.

The current capacity of a cable varies depending on the type of conductor material, and the type and rating of the insulation. An excellent table that shows the capacity of different types of cables can be found here:

http://www.myelectrical.com/pages/cables/cableCurrents.aspx?id=061112125012.

Also, the current capacity of a cable will be limited by the electrical code that one is using, this varies in each developed country. Most American companies use NEC (National Electric Code) as there source for electrical codes (the most recent version being NEC2008), and much of the rest of the world will use ICC EC (International Code Council Electric Code).

The end the shaft comes out.

Simply test it with a multi meter. Set to DC and see if it is holding voltage. Then,...Set the meter on Ohms to check the continuity between the leads. If it shows little or no resistance, or doesnt beep, normally youre ok. If it beeps or shows resistance, its fried. Afterwards, since the voltage should have been drained by the meter on Ohms setting, see if it builds back up.

Try to think of a diversity factor as similar to a noncoincidental load factor. If your thermostat phyically limits you to only using either heat or AC at one time, then you can simply use the largest of the two as your load factor. With diversity, think of a college campus environment. If you are in class then the odds are your TV, oven, microwave, etc back in your dorm are probably not being used. R, Bill

There is only two test you can do measure on the Ohm scale the resistance at the power connection if there is a reading then it means it's not open but that's not an indication that the motor is Ok, then measure on the MOhm scale between the body of the motor and any of the power connections if there is a reading then the motor have a internal short, the best is to open the motor and inspect it for black spots on the coils your nose is the best test smell it

The amperage rating of a copper wire is related to its resistance and to the type of insulation used (i.e., what temperature the insulation can handle) and the ambient temperature. The fatter the copper wire, the more amps it can handle, everything else being equal. A mineral-insulated wire, buried underground, would handle more amps than a similarly sized copper wire in thermoplastic insulation in air.

There are electrician charts available to determine the MINIMUM size of copper (or aluminum) wire necessary for a particular load.

Consider also that longer the wire, the more resistance there is, so a very long wire would need to be larger to handle the same load safely.

DC Motor works on DC source and AC motor works on AC source

You have to wire both the run and start windings. The start windings will automatically be removed from the circuit once the motor is at 75% of normal speed. The start winding gives you more torque to start the motor.

Well that is probably a very complicated circuit. You should just look for a Inverter with 220V single phase input and 415V three phase output. It should be that hard to find.

The only way to determine the cable wire size needed for a 1000 watt air conditioner is to find the load size. To get the load size you will need to use the formula Amps = Watts or Volts. With that being said, you will need a number 14 copper wire.