Electronics Engineering

For a waveform containing harmonics, the harmonic frequencies are multiples of what is known as the 'fundamental' frequency. For example, for a waveform that contains 'third harmonics', the fundamental frequency is one-third the frequency of the harmonics.

The fundamental frequency of vocal folds the speech mechanism as sound generator.

The 555 i.c. can be wired in two multivibrator configurations.

The astable, which has no stable state and therefore changes its output at regular intervals, thus producing a series of pulses.

The monostable which has one stable state, and, when triggered, produces a single pulse at its output.

The bistable which has two stable states. It will change state upon receiving either a set or a reset pulse depending on its present state.

One of the differences is with respect to chip.

VLSI- How to develop a chip

Embedded- How to use the chips to produce an efficient system.

VLSI - measurement of complexity of chip in terms of number of transistors in one circuit/chip

Embedded is a computing platform that is formed by using proper logic to put together n number of VLSI

An N-type semiconductor is obtained by carrying out a process of doping, that is, by adding an impurity of valence-five elements to a valence-four semiconductor in order to increase the number of free charge carriers.

When the doping material is added, it gives away weakly-bound outer electrons to the semiconductor atoms. This type of doping agent is also known as donor material since it gives away some of its electrons.

The purpose of N-type doping is to produce an abundance of mobile or carrier electrons in the material. To help understand how n-type doping is accomplished, consider the case of silicon (Si). Si atoms have four valence electrons, each of which is covalently bonded with each of the four adjacent Si atoms. If an atom with five valence electrons, such as those from group 15 of the periodic table , is incorporated into the crystal lattice in place of a Si atom, then that atom will have four covalent bonds and one unbonded electron. This extra electron is only weakly bound to the atom and can easily be excited into the conduction band. At normal temperatures, virtually all such electrons are excited into the conduction band. Since excitation of these electrons does not result in the formation of a hole, the number of electrons in such a material far exceeds the number of holes. In this case the electrons are the majority carriers and the holes are the minority carriers. Because the five-electron atoms have an extra electron to donate, they are called donor atoms. Note that each movable electron within the semiconductor is never far from an immobile positive dopant ion, and the N-doped material normally has a net electric charge of zero.

MAC addresses are formed

according to the rules of one of

three numbering name spaces

managed by the Institute of

Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE)

This seems like a question from an electrical course, and is probably best answered by your course materials. It's your test question, not ours, and there won't always be someone to ask for the answer. Earn your diploma.

It uses the maximum power available to the transmitter and makes the signal more readable at a greater distance.

A 64bit Processor is a specific type of processing chip.

In general, a processor is a micro-chip designed solely to do calculation, to be the brains of a computing system. More specifically, the "64bit" refers to the size of the data inputs, or in other words the size of each piece of information being sent to the processor as 1 step.

In this case, each instruction being sent to the processor would be 64 bits, or 0's and 1's, long.

A periodic signal has two major characteristics: frequency and amplitude. Frequency is the number of times the periodic signal occurs in a set time, and the amplitude refers to how strong the signal is.

SILICON CONTROLLED RECTIFIER APPLICATIONS i) Speed control for motors ii) Temperature control for electric hot plate iii) Dimmer switch for domestic lighting iv) Dimmer control for stage lighting.

yes

It depends on what type of robot is being referred to. There are some that are simple and some that are very complex. Robots are designed to do tasks that people may or not be able to do for themselves. They are used to build cars, dismantle bombs, pack boxes, answer phones, mow yards, explore deep sea ship wrecks and many other things.

Robots help us in 3 ways. First, they do the jobs that are dull. Second, they do jobs that are dangerous. Finally, they do the jobs that are dirty. Besides this, some robots (like RoboFisher) may be controlled at the distance of thousand miles away.

The advantages of DSB-SC are that power consumption is nominal, the power from the signal can be contained in four sidebands, and the bandwidth is double the amount in the signal.

Technically, you don't. You need to calibrate a multimeter with something that is much more precise and accurate than a multimeter, such as a voltage, current, and resistance standard. Otherwise, it is not called a calibration.

in level trigger mode, the input signal is sampled when the clock signal is either high or low whereas in edge trigger mode the input signal is sampled at rising or at the falling edge.

lever triggering is sensitive to glitches whereas edge trigger is non sensitive..

example: latch for level trigger and flip-flop for edge trigger

Power, in 'watts'.

mosfets come in 2 shape

1.round shaped(like bjt):hold it such that the pins face upwards and the knoch perpendicular to your eyes,then name pins as G,D,S in anticlock wise direction.

2.almost squre shaped.hold it perpendicular to your face ,then name them G,D,S from left to right

The letter used is called a Reference Designation, and for a diode sometimes depends on what kind of diode it is. Most diodes use the letter D, as in D1, D2, D3. Zener diodes usually use the letter Z or much more rarely ZR or ZD (Zener Rectifier or Zener Diode). CR is an archaic designation that stands for Crystal Rectifier.

LEDs may use LED1, LED2, etc. or just D1, D2, etc.

A bridge rectifier (four diodes connected so AC fed into two leads results in pulsating DC from two other leads) uses BR for obvious reasons.

AE7HD

The letter symbol for the diode is D.

The positive leg is usually indicated with a red dot. Sometimes there is an white arrow that looks like a minus sign - that is the negative terminal. If it is a can type, the can is the minus terminal and the tab(s) is(are) the plus terminal(s).

The current will depend on external resistance - far better to consider total energy, conversion efficiency, or failing that, voltage. The answer will depend on device size anyway.

To know about the advantages of TTL logic family, one should have a basic idea about RTL, DTL etc. Diode logic (DL) uses diodes to implement logical functions like AND and OR. But the disadvantage is that it can not perform NOT operation. As AND and OR are not complete functions by themselves, they can not perform several logic functions without NOT. Hence, there was a need for some device which can perform a NOT function as diodes can not. That device is a transistor. Then came the DTL which uses a transistor along with diodes. As a transistor can act as an inverter, NAND (NOT-AND) & NOR (NOT-OR) operations can be performed. But this logic uses several diodes which will slow down its operation. Due to the delay offered by them, the logic levels may sometimes change i. e. 0 t0 1 or 1 to 0. Then came TTL. This logic uses a multi emitter transistor, a transistor with many emitter terminals. As every emitter is nothing but a diode, this logic eliminates the use of all diodes. This is the major advantage. As transistor becomes ON and OFF much rapidly than a diode, switching time will be faster. TTL, or Transistor-transistor logic replaced resistor-transistor logic, and used much less power. The TTL family is very fast and reliable, and newer faster, less power-consuming, etc. types are always being developed. = In TTL (Transistor-Transistor Logic), think that the device using this technology is made from several transistors. Another advantage is that many more chips employ this technology.

Nothing will happen to the diode but that rectifier effectively becomes a half-wave rectifier.

The purpose of an adjustable voltage regulator is to have a regulator that can give out variable voltages. This is in contrast to a fixed voltage regulator which only outputs one voltage, which it is rated for.

To allow for adjustable voltage, usually the resistors on the output of the regulator just need to be swapped for different values to give differing output voltages.

Scandisk is a diagnostic program which checks for incomplete files. It is usually run after a power interruption. Defrag is a program than reshuffles the data on the disc to collect together the fragments of files into larger chunks. This minimises the amount of time taken to read the files in the future.