Electronics Engineering

The NOT gate is also called an "inverter", as its output is always the complement of the input. That is, if the input is TRUE then the output is FALSE else the output is TRUE end if). Its implementation electronically is not much different than that of an analog inverting amplifier, except that the gate is deliberately designed to operate nonlinear and change rapidly from one state to another.

A diode is a "one-way valve" that allows electrical current to flow in only one direction. A diode placed in series between an AC voltage source and a resistive load will allow current to flow through the load in one direction and block the current when the polarity of the AC voltage changes.

scattering, costs high than wireless communication, difficult to maintain,splicing should be perfectly taken care ,otherwise the loses increases in the optic fibres

By connecting collector to base, you get a *lower* forward voltage drop than with a simple diode.

Example: germanium diode-connected transistor has a drop of about 0.13 volts, rectifier diode about 0.3 (over 2.5 times)

It's just that rectifiers are optimised for rectification, are designed to work at (generally) higher currents, and are cheaper.

This circuit can switch on and off light a fan or a radio etc;by the sound of a clap This circuit is constructed using basic electronic component like resistor transistor relay transformer capacitor .This circuit turns on light for the first clap . the light turns on till the next clap .for the next clap turns off this circuit works with 12v voltage . therefore a step-cown transformer 12v/300ma is employed. The working of the circuit is based on amplifying nature of the transistor . switching the nature of transistor and relay as an electronic switch.

A transistor

For one thing, lasers need a significant amount of power. And like any optical-based communication medium (like LiFi or IR), it's only effective if you point it at the recipient and if the recipient is facing you - whereas electromagnetic radio wave technology no matter where you are or where you're facing you will still get the signal.

The symbol for a relay is in two parts, and it's rather difficult and ineffective to describe verbally. Therefore, I added a direct link to an image of the accepted symbol to the "Related Links" section.

The best way is to use an EM solver, such as FastCap from MIT. Numerous published papers also describe the best-fit formulae to calculate fringing capacitances by hand. Try reading "Modeling of interconnect capacitance, delay , and crosstalk in VLSI," by Wong et al., IEEE Trans. Semi. Manufacturing, v13, n1, February 2000, pp108, and the references therein.

• DC is constant in direction
• AC is reversing in direction

A circuit in which electricity only flows in one path is called a series circuit.

"http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_are_a_magnets_magnetic_force_and_magnetic_field_different"

A motor vehicle's power is measured traditionally in horsepower or BHP as in Break Horse Power eg. the porshe carrera's engine output is 400BHP.This is not a fact but merely hypothetical since I do not no the actual BHP of a Porsche carrera. I Hope this has answered anyone's curiosty.

JFET = junction field-effect transistor. The transistor design is to restrict/control the current in the channel by expanding or contracting the depletion region, hence the channel cross-section, with a gate signal. The gate is the junction in JFET, compared with using oxide in an MOSFET.

36.9 volts

Explanation:

A trafo works in ratios, much the same as percentage. Easily calculated in this question .

520 turns and 480 Volts secondary.

We find the Voltage of each turn by dividing Voltage by turns. 480/520=0,9230769231 Volt.

Then multiply this by primary turns of which is 40. 40*0,9230769231

=36,9230769231 Volts.

More related info:

This is the AC voltage. In order to find a quite accurate estimate for a rectified DC output with a charging capacitor, simply multiply the AC voltage by 1.44

Generally, it will be considered the "interval" between action and response. For example, if a radio transceiver operates at 800 MHz, it may receive at 800 MHz +/- 0.005 MHz and transmit at 801 MHz. The interval is the hysteresis. Looking at a pH meter during an acid-base titration. As you add buffer or your titre, you don't see an immediate response. The "lag-time" of the addition of buffer could also be considered the hysteresis for that instrument in that system. An instrument any instrument will have an ambiguity of resolution at the low end it cannot display half a value it is either this or that decision therefore hysteresis

a channel is actually a path through which a signal of a particular frequency travels and bandwidth is the capacity of that path it tells about the number or range of frequencies which a path can carry

the main difference in analoge and digital system is analog is continues type of data and ditital is discreate type of data. e.g old galvanometer having needle is analog but new multimeter is digital in which voltage and current is shown in digits... analog is not much accurate..but digital is accurate...

If the test leads are not in contact with anything, the needle or pointer of an analog meter will be resting at the left most position. This is represents an infinite amount of resistance, or an "open circuit"; it is also safe to say there is the no continuity, or path between the black and red probes.