Electronics Engineering

can use 400mm THW,RHW,RUH (rating: 400mm = 388amperes)

No. If you connect in series, positive to negative and then connect load to the remaining positive and negative terminals then the voltage at these terminals is the added voltage of the batteries thus connected, but the capacity (amphours) stays the same.

A Transistor can be biassed in two ways Forward bias and Reverse bias A transistor is said to be forward bias if the positive of the transistor is connected to the positive terminal of the battery and negative to the negative terminal of the battery.A Transistor in the converse condition is known as reverse biassed

Counter is a digital circuit which is able to count from a specific number to another specific number (according to the requirement). Depending upon the counting style the counters can be divided into two.

i) UP counter- which increment one by one (eg. 0,1,,2,3,4,5............15) for a 4 bit counter

ii) Down counter- which decrements one by one (eg. 15,14,13,12,11,10,9,8................0) for a 4 bit counter.

A simple apllication of a counter is a diigital clock, having 3 counters. One for counting the seconds, another for counting the minute and the last one for counting the hour.

The half adder is an example of a simple, functional digital circuit built from two logic gates. A half adder adds two one-bit binary numbers A and B. It has two outputs, S and C (the value theoretically carried on to the next addition); the final sum is 2C + S.

Transistor transistor logic is one type of many different types of bipolar transistor based digital logic circuitry. It is very efficiently implemented in integrated circuit chips, needs only one power supply voltage, and operates at reasonably high speeds.

Transistor transistor logic was first developed in the middle 1960s as a modification of the diode transistor logic, then in use in some digital logic integrated circuit chips but dating back to the earliest discrete bipolar transistor logic developed in the late 1950s and derived from vacuum tube point contact diode logic used in many early first generation computers.

Transistor transistor logic integrated circuits dominated the computer and electronic digital controller market from the late 1960s until the middle 1980s, when metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor based microprocessors and microcontrollers began to replace it. By the early 1990s transistor transistor logic and other bipolar transistor based digital logic integrated circuits had been replaced with equivalent complementary metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor integrated circuits that were both faster and consumed less power (thus running much cooler) or with programmable logic devices of various types.

In general transistor transistor logic is now considered obsolete.

Non-zero initial condition is called DC offset. DC offset is bad, and needs to be removed by HP filter as they cause distortion, non-linearity.

If the mean/average amplitude of the wave is zero it has no DC-offset.

A normal (non zener) diode only conducts in one direction, when the anode is more positive than the cathode. This is called forward bias, and it occurs between 0.6 and 1.4 volts, depending on the specification of the diode.

In the reverse bias condition, with the cathode more positive than the anode, the diode does not conduct, except for minor leakage current, until it reaches its breakdown voltage. At that point, normal diodes1, unless current limited, will self-destruct. The reverse breakdown voltage is usually much more than the forward bias voltage, typically hundreds or thousands of volts reverse compared to around one volt forward. As a result, diodes, as used in rectifier circuits, will only conduct on the positive half-cycle of AC power.

If you want conduction in both directions, in a rectifier, you need two diodes and a center tapped transformer, or four diodes in a bridge configuration (one phase; six diodes for three phase) in order to conduct on every half line cycle.

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1Zener diodes, on the other hand are designed to conduct in a controlled fashion in the reverse bias condition due to PN junction doping that allows reverse breakdown without destruction. Zener diodes are used in regulator circuits.

Because first one side of the amplifier pushes on one half cycle then the other side of the amplifier pulls on the other half of the cycle.

Ohms Law! E=IR Voltage equals current times resistance. Get out the old calculator...

"Valve" is the British word for Vacuum Tube, so for the British (which the person asking this question probably is) transistors did replace valves. Therefore the answer remains that values(vacuum tubes) where large and bulky, in addition they require high levels of power to function and created substantial heat and were quite fragile. The creation of the Transistor and then micro chip allowed for portability, lower levels of operation power to be required and reduced costs due to mass production

Julius Edgar Lilienfeld, 1925.

John Bardeen and Walter Brattain, 1947, AT&T

There are two ways to read this: you have a burned-out run capacitor on your motor and a good start capacitor in your parts box, and you have a burned-out start capacitor and a good run capacitor. If the run capacitor's bad and you want to put the higher-voltage start cap in its place, the answer is yes. This is called derating, and the only thing it does for you is increases the lifespan of the capacitor because you're not working it as hard as it can take. If the start capacitor's bad, don't do this--they used a 440-volt capacitor in there for a reason.

Schematic or Circuit Diagram.

Ohm ( Ω ).

Attenuation referees to the loss of signal, there are many factors that can cause this such as length of transmission, interference ect. It is simpler to think of it when using a media, let's talk about optics. Optics is the transmission of light, over a set length the light begins to fade resulting in attenuation. Similarly the light can be absorbed by the cable itself, resulting in further attenuation

8 flip flops. a counter composed of n- flip flop and any counter will count from 0 to 2^n - 1. i.e 2^8 - 1=256 - 1 = 255

You can't characterize a circuit type in this way. In a digital circuit a ribbon cable with parallel wires usually indicates a parallel connection as opposed to a serial connection or interface.

A final subcircuit is the circuit which the number of points supplied do not exceed 15A

I first asked the question. I was told by an electrical engineer that the appliances would breakdown after between 1 day and 2 weeks use and he advised me to sell and buy new appliances in the Philippines. I was not able to obtain a reasonable price for selling second hand appliances and also found that appliances in the Philippines were very expensive compared to Malaysia. I was also told in the Philippines that the appliances would work satisfactorily . So I installed all the appliances and after 3 months they work OK except the clock which gains about 3 hours per day.My appliances include 2 refridgerators. 2 wine coolers, freezer.4 TV's,washing machine ,dryer,dishwasher,computer,fax ,etc. David dlw@tm.net.my

its costly than open loop system and bulky, too.

(R1 x R2) / (R1 + R2) for 2 load parallel circuits, soo... 133.3 repeating Ohms.

Weather - Electrical storms can increase the ESD risk; unless absolutely necessary, try not to work on a computer during an electrical storm.

Accessories - To help reduce ESD and help prevent other problem, it is also a good idea to remove all jewelry.

Zero Potential - Most importantly, make sure you and the computer are at Zero Potential by continuously touching an un-painted metal surface of the chassis or the computer power supply case.

Clothes - Make sure not to wear any clothing that conducts a lot of Electrical Charge, such as a wool sweater.