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Electronics Engineering
Electronics Engineering is a branch of engineering that deals with practical applications of electronic components, devices, systems, or equipment. Electronics are devices that operate on low voltage sources, as in electron tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, and printed circuit boards and use electricity as part of its driving force.
24,372 Questions
The reactance of a capacitor is proportional to?
inverse of frequency
AnswerReactance is inversely-proportional to frequency of the supply, and the capacitance of the capacitor.
Why do electrons change direction as they flow in a circuit?
Free electrons are in a constant state of chaotic movement in all directions. Under the influence of an external electric field, the continue to move in all directions, but there is a bias in one direction. So when we describe an electric current, the movement of individual electrons along a conductor is V-E-R-Y slow. So slow, in fact, that an individual electron is unlikely to pass through the filament of a flashlight before its battery has expired!
parallel
A device that gives power to a circuit?
A battery or eletrical generator would do that.
AnswerYour question should be rephrased. You do not 'give power' to a circuit. 'Power' is simply a rate -the rate of doing work.
What is Grounding and shielding in electronics instrument?
in an electric circuit, it is treated as a reference from which other voltages can be measured. also it acts as a common return path of electric current leakages
How long does it take to be an environmental engineer?
The minimum degree requirement is a bachelors degree. This would take approximately four years to complete as a full-time student provided you take the degree as prescribed by the college or university.
What three conditions in a Barkhausen criterion must be met for oscillation to occur?
The Barkhausen stability criterion is just an obvious observation. It is a necessary but NOT sufficient criterion for oscillations.
The Barkhausen stability criterion states that an oscillator will oscillate when the total phase shift from input to output and back to input is an integral multiple of 360 degrees and the system gain is equal to 1.
The proper Barkhausen topology is defined as a loop of an amplitude determining inverting nonlinear amplifier (four terminal two-port ) and a linear passive frequency determining feed-back four terminal two-port circuit. It is obvious that the loop gain is 1 and the phase shift is a multiple of 360 degrees when the loop is closed. The Barkhausen criterion is necessary but not sufficient.
Question: Who was the first to open the loop and claim that the criterion is sufficient ?
Linear oscillators are mathematical fiction. Statements like "the non-linear characteristic will bring the poles to the imaginary axis" are of course nonsense. The bias-point of the amplifier will vary with time so the small-signal model of the circuit will vary with time i.e. the eigenvalues of the linearized Jacobian of the differential equations will move around with time in the complex frequency domain. The mechanism behind the steady state behavior is a kind of energy balance. Energy is received from the power source when the poles are in RHP. Energy is dissipated in the loss elements when the poles are in LHP. The frequency is a kind of time average of the imaginary part of the complex pole pair. The Barkhausen criteria is just the obvious observation that the gain around the closed loop of an amplifier and a feed-back circuit is 1 (one) and the phase-shift is 0 (zero or a multiple of 2pi). The Barkhausen criteria is NOT sufficient for start-up of oscillations. Phase-noise is an expression for the variation of the imaginary part of the complex pole-pair during the period of the oscillations.
What is amplifier and what is the general circuit of amplifier?
An amplifier amplifies voltage or current. The most basic amplifier consists of a transistor where a signal is fed into the base and is output to the emitter or collector.
For simple, low frequency applications (not RF), it may be simpler to use an operational amplifier (op amp) than designing your own amplifier. Also, the data sheets provide very helpful schematics for creating an amplifier. A very common one is the 741; these are also fairly cheap.
What do you mean by CCMR of an amplifier?
Did you mean CMRR? If so, it stands for Common Mode Rejection Ratio, and it is a measure of how well the amplifier rejects signals that appear on both leads. The idea is that an amplifier should amplify the (Differential Mode) signal, but not any noise (Common Mode) that might appear on the lines, perhaps due to induction from nearby AC power sources. Since induction will show up on both leads, a high CMRR amplifier will have a greater signal to noise ratio overall.
If you meant CCMR, please say that in the discussion or the answer, and we can split the question. I don't recognize CCMR.
Convert from t flip flop to d flip flop?
step1- write the table of t ff
step2-write the excitation table of d ff
step3-find out the value of t by k-map
then make the d ff according to the value of t
What difference's between potential transformer and voltage transformer?
Both are same. This is an instrument transformer used for metering & protections.
How do you design 12 bit binary adder subtractor?
design a one bit slice of the adder subtractor and iterate it through all 12 bits.
What is the difference between the cuisinart CCM-16SA and the dbm 8?
Cuisinart customer service [1-800-726-0190] said there are NO difference, and their DBM-8 parts are 100% interchangable with the Sams Club CCM-16SA.
Ive had my CCM for about 10 years, and have had to replace the "bean chamber" . The Sams unit only has 3 small screws holding the milling plate to the chamber, which will eventually come loose from their plastic threads...simply replace the entir chamber..don't try to repair the threads, as you may cause more problems downstream
What is the meaning of semiconductors?
Oversimplifying it significantly "not quite conductors".
These are materials whose ability to conduct electricity is between conductors and insulators but can be very precisely controlled by doping with other elements as impurities, allowing the construction of electronic devices that can: control the direction of current flow, amplify signals, act as switches, perform boolean logic functions, etc.
These materials can be classed as elemental semiconductors, binary semiconductors, other semiconductors. The elemental semiconductors are elements with 4 valence electrons that are not metals (e.g. silicon, germanium), the binary semiconductors are "alloys" of two elements: one with 3 valence electrons and the other with 5 valence electrons (e.g. gallium arsenide, indium phosphide), other semiconductors can be elements (e.g. selenium) compounds (e.g. galena, copper oxide) or complex "alloys" of several elements (e.g. gallium arsenide phosphide, aluminum gallium indium phosphide).
The term semiconductors is also used to refer to the electronic devices mades of these materials.
Why does the name semiconductor make sense?
The material may be influenced to conduct electricity or not. So it does not always conduct, sometimes partially, sometimes not at all - hence the prefix semi (= half)
What are the three prts of Volt Ohm Milliammeter?
It depends upon whether it is analogue or digital, as they work in completely different ways, and each will have completely different components. As there are far more than three 'parts' to either type of instrument, you need to rephrase your question and be more specific about what you want to know.
How can you say diode is gone in generator bridge rectifier?
The most straightforward and unbiased way is to remove the diode from the circuit and check it with a diode tester. Alternatively, if the diode is shorted, the bridged will measure shorted. If it is open, running the generator and monitoring the output with an oscilloscope will reveal a missing phase.
One example of an open diode problem in an automobile alternator application is that the alternator will put out enough current to keep the system fail light off, but not put out enough current to meet rated output load.
Which has greater mobility in intrinsic semiconductor Electrons or holes?
The mobility of electrons is always greater than holes. Only the number of electrons and holes would be same in an intrinsic semiconductor.
What are the types of plans that organizations can use?
Plans commit individuals, departments, organizations, and the resources of each to specific actions for the future. Effectively designed organizational goals fit into a hierarchy so that the achievement of goals at low levels permits the attainment of high-level goals. This process is called a means-ends chain because low-level goals lead to accomplishment of high-level goals.
An operational plan is one that a manager uses to accomplish his or her job responsibilities.
A tactical plan is concerned with what the lower level units within each division must do, how they must do it, and who is in charge at each level.
A strategic plan is an outline of steps designed with the goals of the entire organization as a whole in mind, rather than with the goals of specific divisions or departments. Strategic planning begins with an organization's mission.
Contingency planning involves identifying alternative courses of action that can be implemented if and when the original plan proves inadequate because of changing circumstances.
It's true, but only for a constant applied voltage. It turns out that the current in that wire is also proportional to the voltage applied to the circuit. Here's how it works.
For a given applied voltage, current is (inversely) proportional to resistance. More resistance (for that same applied voltage) makes for less current will flow. Less resistance (for that same applied voltage) means more current will flow. We say that current and resistance are proportional because for a given voltage, when one goes up by "X" amount, the other goes down by the same proportion. Double the resistance, current is cut in half. Ten times the resistance will allow only one tenth the current. And we say inversely, because the change is in the "other" direction. When current goes up, resistance must have gone down (for that same applied voltage). Here's the other half of the idea with current and voltage and a given value of resistance.
In a circuit with a fixed resistance, more voltage will drive more current. Less voltage will drive less current. They're directly proportional. That means if you double the voltage, you'll get double the current (through the same resistor). If you cut the voltage by a factor or ten (one tenth the applied voltage), you'll end up reducing current by a factor of ten (one tenth the current) for that same resistor. We usually think of circuits this way, but we can also think of them in other ways according to Ohm's law. Let's summarize.
Voltage (E) is expressed in volts (V), and current (I) is expressed in amps (A), and resistance (R) is expressed in ohms (upper case omega).
E = I x R (E equals I times R)
R = E / I (R equals E divided by I)
I = E / R (I equals E divided by R)
AnswerFalse. Ohm's Law, in essence, states that the ratio of voltage to current is constant for variations in voltage. No mention of resistance whatsoever! However, for those materials that obey Ohm's Law ('linear' or 'ohmic'), raising a conductor's resistance will cause the current to fall (assuming the voltage is fixed). so the current must be INVERSELY proportional (not proportional) to the resistance!What does alternating current mean?
An alternating current (AC) is an electrical current whose magnitude and direction vary cyclically, as opposed to direct current, whose direction remains constant.
The word 'alternating' itself means "changing of direction of flow".
The usual waveform of an AC power circuit is very close to a sine wave because this is the way the electricity is generated in the power plants. It also allows us to efficiently transmit the energy by transforming it to higher and lower voltages.
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AC, or Alternating Current, does exactly what the name implies. In USA, Canada - and in other countries which use the same service frequency - the direction of the current changes 60 times a second (also called a frequency of 60 Hertz) within the 'Hot' wire (also known as the 'Live') - often colored Black - and the Return or Common wire (technically known as the 'Neutral'), which is usually colored White.
In Europe and many other areas of the world, the service frequency is 50 times a second (50 Hertz) within the 'Live' wire which is colored Brown (but on older systems it is colored Black) and the Return or Common wire (technically known as the 'Neutral'), which is colored Blue (but on older systems it is colored Black).
It is the service frequency which makes the typical "humming" sound you hear from transformers or electric AC motors when they are running.
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During just one cycle of a single-phase alternating supply, the "live" or "hot" wire of an alternating voltage (or current) supply goes from zero to its positive peak, then back to zero, then continues on to its negative peak and back to zero again.
These positive- and negative-going parts of each cycle are always voltages (or currents) relative to the "neutral" wire. A neutral wire is necessary to allow the currents to return to the alternator.
In a 60 hertz supply there are 60 such cycles in each and every second. Similarly, there are 50 such cycles in each and every second in a 50 hertz supply.
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The good link below "AC, DC and Electrical Signals" gives a lot more information about the difference between alternating current and direct current.
