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Endocrine System
The endocrine system is made up of glands which control and coordinate body functions and maintain homeostasis inside the body.
2,103 Questions
How much does shivering affect metabolic rate?
Shivering uses muscles, which generate heat, which in turn increase the metabolic rate.
Shivering increases oxygen consumption by up to 5-6 times the normal rate.
Britt, L.D., Dascombe, W.H., Rodriguez, A. (1991) New horizons in management of hypothermia and frostbite injury. Contemporary Problems in Trauma Surgery, 71(2), 345-370.
Why does thirsty occur with diabetes mellitus?
In the case of a Type 2 Diabetes (Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus - NIDDM) or Prediabetes (Impaired Glucose Tolerance - IGT), the pancreas produces little insulin or the body is unable to use the insulin that is present and therefore the cells cannot use these glucose in the body. Excessive glucose then starts to build up in the bloodstream and the kidney cannot filter all these extra glucose.
Two things will then happen:
Your body will send signals to your brain to drink more water to dilute the blood glucose / sugar levels back to normal.
The "extra" glucose escapes to the urine and thickens it and at the same time draws more water to help it flow through the kidneys. The extra water you drank eventually fills your bladder.
These will cause you to urinate more often and in larger amounts. In the end your body gets dehydrated and makes you feel extremely thirsty.
The cycle continues as your blood glucose / sugar levels are still high, your body will keep thinking you need more water and as you drink more water, you urinate more……a vicious cycle.
A 4.9 for a TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) test means that you are on the hypothyroid end. While a normal TSH varies from person to person, the range that is typically followed by most doctors is .3 to 4.5. A .3 is on the hyperthyroid (overactive thyroid) end and a 4.5 is on the hypothyroid (under active thyroid) end of the spectrum. Talk with your doctor about any questions or concerns about the results, as well as any symptoms you are experiencing.
What does borderline low T4 and normal TSH mean?
TSH is short for Thyroid Stimulating Hormone. This is produced by the hypothalamus. When T4 levels (which are hormones produced by the thyroid) are low, the hypothalamus produces TSH to tell the thyroid to start producing T4. Thus, the hypothalamus is really a regulator for the thyroid.
An indicator of hypothyroidism or Hashimoto's disease is raised levels of TSH and low levels of T4. In Hyperthyroidism or Graves disease, the T4 levels will be elevated and TSH level will be low.
Common symptoms of hypothyroidism are weight gain, intolerance to cold, hair loss, fatigue, muscle pain, goiter, depression and constipation.
Common symptoms of hyperthyroidism are weight loss, anxiety, intolerance to heat, hair loss, fatigue or hyperactivity, muscle pain, depression, diarrhea, tremor, and palpitations.
What is the difference between a goiter and nodule of the thyroid?
A goiter is inflammation of the thyroid gland, also known as the thyroid gland becoming enlarged. Meanwhile, a thyroid nodule is a lump in or on the thyroid gland.
What are normal menopausal FSH and LH levels?
For a premenopausal woman, normal values range from 4-30 U/L or 5-20 micro-international units per milliliter. In a pregnant woman, FSH levels are too low to measure. After menopause, normal values range from 40-250 U/L
What is best time of day to take thyroid medication?
In the morning about 20 minutes your first meal. This way your medication has enough time to digest and enter your blood stream to provide you all-day treatment. Don't take it at night before you go to sleep because your body will just filter most of it out and it will end up in your urine the next morning.
A function of FSH in the male is to?
The Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) in males is responsible for triggering sperm production.
Is goitre hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism?
A goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland which is situated at the front of the throat, below the larynx. It is made up of two lobes on either side of the windpipe, joined in front by an isthmus. The thyroid gland secretes hormones that regulate metabolic processes, such as growth and energy expenditure. This gland is controlled by the pituitary gland, which is located in the brain. The pituitary prompts the thyroid to make its hormones including thyroxine (T4) and tri-iodothyronine (T3) by releasing a thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). However, if a persons diet is too low in iodine the thyroid can't manufacture hormones. Never the less the pituitary keeps sending chemical messages to the thyroid, without any result . The thyroid gland then enlarges as it unsucsesfuly trys tos to comply with the pituitary's glands instruction. Apart from iodine deficiency, other causes of goiter involve conditions of the thyroid - such as nodules, cancer, hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.
The symptoms of a goiter include: * Enlargement of the throat, ranging from a small lump to a huge mass. * Swallowing problems, if the goiter is large enough to press on the esophagus. * Breathing problems, if the goiter is large enough to press on the windpipe (trachea).
How does the thyroid effect body temperature?
it regulates metabolism and metabolism produces heat. its called the calorigenic effect.
What are normal values for an adrenocorticotropic hormone test?
Normal values at 8 a.m. are 6 - 23 mcg/dL.
Note: mcg/dL = micrograms per deciliter
Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Talk to your doctor about the meaning of your specific test results.
What is the function of an endocrine?
The endocrine system influences almost every cell, organ, and function of our bodies. It plays a role in mood regulation, growth, tissue function, metabolism, sexual function and reproductive processes.
Glucagon is released when blood sugar levels are low, like when someone is fasting. It is released into the bloodstream by the alpha cells in the islets of langerhans in the pancreas. It causes the liver to convert the stored glycogen that it has into glucose. That glucose is released into the blood and increases the blood sugar level of the body.
What foods stimulate the thyroid?
Certain foods are known to activate thyroid functions :
* foods containing iodine (table salt, seafood) * ginger and also support your adrenal function to process the iodine with
* vitamin C * Zinc * Selenium * vitamin B
Are all adrenal gland tumors cancerous?
Some adrenal gland tumors are benign (non-cancerous) and some are malignant (cancerous).
How does the endocrine system work as a communication system?
Unlike the nervous system, the affects of the endocrine systems control is slower, but has a longer-lasting influence in the body. It utilizes the use of hormones that are secreted directly into the blood from ductless glands. This is the main way the body regulates metabolism, reproduction, growth and development, maintains fluid and electrolyte, acid-base, and energy balances.
What is the healthy thyroid level for women?
t3 0.60-1.81 ng/ml
t4 5.01-12.45 ug/ml
tsh 0.35-5.50 uiu/ml
these are normal thyroid levels.
What would cause a person to have their thyroid removed?
A person might need to have their thyroid gland removed if there is concern that they might have thyroid cancer, or that it has been confirmed that they have thyroid cancer. Another reason for removing the thyroid gland is to help treat hyperthyroidism or Graves' disease.
Related Article: Hyperthyroidism and Graves' Disease
Related Article: Thyroid Cancer Prognosis: What to Expect
zona glomerulosa/mineralocorticoids
Does pheochromocytoma occur at anatomic sites other than the adrenal gland?
This is one of several questions from this week's case study that have been posted on wikianswers. These questions are to be answered independently or with a group of peers by searching relevant scientific literature.
What if your TSH level is high?
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is the signal that the brain sends to the thyroid to tell the thryoid how much hormone to make. Markedly high levels are almost always due to an underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism). Mildly elevated levels are often normal.
What does the adrenal gland do?
Each person has two adrenal glands, one above each kidney. Each adrenal is small weighing about 15grams.
The adrenal produces four major types of hormones;
1. Glucocorticoids.- the major one is known as cortisol. Cortisol is important to maintain life and to protect against stress. One of its major functions is to raise blood glucose level by both increasing production and reducing usage. Too much cortisol can be detrimental by causing muscle wastage and depressing immunity to infection.
2. Mineralocorticoids.- the major hormone is known as aldosterone. Aldosterone ensures that adequate sodium is held in the body by ensuring that the kidney does not leak out too much salt into the urine. Aldosterone increase when upright so ensuring that the body has sufficient salty fluid to maintain blood pressure nad stop you feeling dizzy and light-headed. Likewise in dehydration, aldosterone rises to maintain salt in the body.
3. Androgen.- the most important quantitatively is dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and the most potent androstenedione. DHEA remains low until puberty when a rise in production is responsible for the development of pubic and axillary hair. DHEA level rises until the third decade and then falls away with age such that at the age of 70 years it is two thirds lower. This decrease of DHEA in males is sometimes referred to as the male menopause but this is a misnomer as DHEA decreases in both males and females. The exact function of DHEA in adults is still debatable but may be implicated in maintaining muscle and bone integrity as well as general wellbeing.
4. Catecholamines.- there are two types; noradrenaline and adrenaline. These hormones are released especially in 'flight and fright' situations to prevent body collapse but are essential to maintain blood pressure on a daily basis.
Cortisol, aldosterone and DHEA are produced in the outer layers (known as the cortex) of the adrenal gland whilst adrenaline and noradrenaline are produced in the inner core (known as the medulla)
What do you need the thyroid for?
it is us for help the immune system develop during childhood
hi it me shirley lol
