Geophysics

S waves are transverse waves, which means the particles in the medium vibrate perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. This is in contrast to P waves, which are longitudinal waves where the particles vibrate parallel to the wave direction.

The Cretaceous period followed the Jurassic period and lasted from about 145 million to 66 million years ago. In the Cretaceous period, flowering plants became more dominant, dinosaurs continued to diversify, and large marine reptiles like mosasaurs thrived. However, the end of the Cretaceous period marked by a mass extinction event where dinosaurs and many other species went extinct.

What? No...the earths axis has been tilted for hundreds of millions if not billions of years. If your question is: Did the earthquake in Chile cause a variation in the tilt of the earth's axis? Then the answer is yes, very slightly, but noticeable.

The Santa Maria Volcano is located in Guatemala near the city of Quetzaltenango. Its coordinates are14o45'21.6'N, 91o33'0.2'W. The volcano's eruption in 1902 stands as one of the three largest volcanic eruptions of the 1900s. Santa Maria peaks at an elevation of 12,375 feet.

when the angle of sunlight is 90 degree the sun is directly above you and is very much hotter. this was about the weather and now about the season. the angle of the sun afffect the season of the earth

Theoretically . . . (just like boring the tunnel through the globe in the first place) . . .

The pebble falls faster and faster until it reaches the center of the Earth. Then

it continues in the same direction but slower and slower. Its speed declines to

zero just as it drifts out of the other end of the tunnel. If nobody is there to

catch it, and it falls back into the tunnel, it goes through exactly the same thing

in reverse ... falling faster and faster until it reaches the center of the Earth,

then slower and slower until it drifts out of the tunnel again, right in front of

you, at the spot where you dropped it in the first time.

It's doing a gigantic pendulum, swinging surface-to-surface, fastest at the center

and zero speed at each end, where it reverses.

The period of the pendulum ... from the time you drop it in until it comes back up

in front of you out of the hole in the ground ... is 86 minutes.

Exactly the same period that it would have if it were an artificial satellite in the

lowest conceivable orbit ... the same size as the Earth's radius without running

into mountains or air.

If there's no air resistance and it doesn't run into things, then the size, shape,

mass, or weight of the pebble make no difference, in either exercise.

The rock cycle is constantly occurring on Earth, driven by processes such as weathering, erosion, deposition, and tectonic activity. It can take millions of years for rocks to undergo the complete cycle from formation to metamorphism and back again.

The continental drift hypothesis was proposed by Alfred Wegener, a German meteorologist and geophysicist, in 1912. He suggested that the continents were once joined together in a single landmass called Pangaea and had since drifted apart to their current positions.

Because it just was and earthquakes can happen anywhere so there

Because that's where it happened. If it had hapened in Wellington it would have been called the "Wellington earthquake".

Before magma can rise to the surface, it must first be generated through melting of the Earth's mantle or crust. This melting can be caused by an increase in temperature, a decrease in pressure, or the addition of volatiles. Once magma is generated, it can rise towards the surface through fractures and conduits in the Earth's crust.

Definitely. Wegener seems to have believed that the continents plowed through the oceanic crust like a ship plowing through water. The geologists of the day couldn't see how that could happen, mainly because it can't.

Eventually, though, they came to realize that what's really happening is that the oceanic crust is moving on its own and carrying the continents with it. That's a lot more rational, but figuring that out required knowing that there are mid-ocean ridges, with lots of volcanic activity; that the oceanic crust is newest at those ridges and older as you get farther away; knowledge of where earthquakes occur worldwide; and many, many other things that we only first encountered in the era around World War II, long after Wegener was dead, and only started to get a real handle on decades after even that.

The depth of an earthquake crack, known as a fault or fault line, can vary greatly depending on the magnitude and type of the earthquake. Some faults can extend several kilometers below the Earth's surface, while others may be more shallow. The crack forms along the fault line where tectonic plates move against each other, causing the ground to rupture.

The theory of plate tectonics is used to explain continental drift. It suggests that the Earth's outer shell is divided into several plates that move and interact with each other, leading to the movement of continents over time. This theory helps explain phenomena such as earthquakes, volcanic activity, and mountain formation.

the most common cause for a geyser to erupt is due to a tempreature and pressure problem. many plumbers who dont know how to install geyers properly, plug off the TP safety valve outlet (Temp and Pressure), what happens, the thermostat in the geyser fails and cannot control the tempreature inside the geyser, causing the geyser to over boil, which then creates extra pressure (because of the steam) within the geyser, so when that safety outlet is plugged off the geyser takes an enormous amount of strain, and then it finally explodes. it can be devestating and has known to rip roofs off houses.

The 2011 earthquake in Japan, known as the Tōhoku earthquake, is a famous example of a convergent plate boundary earthquake. This megathrust earthquake occurred where the Pacific Plate subducted beneath the North American Plate, leading to significant devastation and triggering a powerful tsunami.

Plate tectonics can change the Earth's atmosphere through volcanic activity at plate boundaries. Volcanoes release gases like carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere, affecting its composition and contributing to natural climate change. Tectonic movements can also impact weather patterns and circulation in the atmosphere.

Tsunami waves in the 2011 Tohoku event in Japan reached heights of up to 40 meters (131 feet) and traveled across the ocean at speeds exceeding 800 kilometers per hour (500 miles per hour). The distance between individual waves can vary, but typically they are several kilometers apart in deep ocean waters.

Swimming in the East Australian Current is not recommended for most people due to its strong and fast-flowing nature. The current can be unpredictable and potentially dangerous, making it challenging for swimming. It is best to exercise caution and adhere to safety guidelines if you choose to swim in areas affected by this current.

The Earth's tilt results in the changing of seasons as different parts of the Earth receive varying amounts of sunlight throughout the year. This tilt is responsible for the differences in temperature and daylight hours experienced in different parts of the world during different times of the year.

Lava if it is liquid, which then freezes. Ejecta if it is in the form of bombs or ash.

The surface of the sun is hotter than the core of the Earth. The surface of the sun can reach temperatures of about 5,500 degrees Celsius, while the core of the Earth has temperatures reaching up to 6,000 degrees Celsius.

The Earth's composition is more relevant to the the Nebular Hypothesis for the formation of solar systems is more appropriate to explain the origin of planets. However, the Big Bang creation event did provide for the matter and energy which eventually facilitated the formation of black holes, galaxies, solar systems and then the planets.

Vancouver is in a seismically active region, so there is always a risk of earthquakes. It's important to be prepared by having an emergency kit and a plan in place for such events. Scientists monitor fault lines to assess the likelihood of earthquakes, but predicting exactly when one will occur is challenging.

Two types of mass wasting are landslides and rockfalls. Landslides involve the downward movement of rock or soil under the force of gravity, while rockfalls occur when individual rocks or blocks detach and fall freely downslope.

No, rocks cannot fuse together in a normal environment without extreme heat and pressure. The process of rocks fusing is called lithification and typically occurs deep within the Earth's crust where these conditions are present.