History of the Web

The biggest disadvantage of World Wide Web is the ever increasing gap between internet have's and have not's or in other words the great 'digital divide'. With the increasing use of WWW in developed countries and among different classes within under developed and developing countries, those without access to the internet are constantly losing opportunities in work related fields.

No one person invented the internet, many people have been credited with contributing to the internets development. please see link below: No one person invented the internet. Rather it was a complex experiment conjured by many minds collaborating together. Al gore didn't invent the internet, but without his efforts it probably would not have come as far as it had. He helped make the internet score big time and for that he deserves credit. Vint Clef was the mastermind behind the ARPANet and the TCP/IP Protocol suite, which is the mother and formula of the modern internet. His buddy used to be the guy who gave out names and addresses, but he resigned and gave that authority to ICANN. If I had to name one person as the inventor of the Internet it would have to be Vint Clef. He now works for Google under the title of "Chief Internet Evangelist". Tim Berners-Lee In 1980, the Englishman Tim Berners-Lee, an independent contractor at CERN, Switzerland, built ENQUIRE, as a personal database of people and software models, but also as a way to play with hypertext; each new page of information in ENQUIRE had to be linked to an existing page. In 1984 Berners-Lee returned to CERN, and considered its problems of information presentation: physicists from around the world needed to share data, with no common machines and no common presentation software. He wrote a proposal in March 1989 for "a large hypertext database with typed links", but it generated little interest. His boss, Mike Sendall, encouraged Berners-Lee to begin implementing his system on a newly acquired NeXT workstation. He considered several names, including Information Mesh, The Information Mine (turned down as it abbreviates to TIM, the WWW's creator's name) or Mine of Information (turned down because it abbreviates to MOI which is "Me" in French), but settled on World Wide Web. He found an enthusiastic collaborator in Robert Cailliau, who rewrote the proposal (published on November 12, 1990) and sought resources within CERN. Berners-Lee and Cailliau pitched their ideas to the European Conference on Hypertext Technology in September 1990, but found no vendors who could appreciate their vision of marrying hypertext with the Internet. By Christmas 1990, Berners-Lee had built all the tools necessary for a working Web: the first Web browser, WorldWideWeb (which was also a Web editor), the first Web server (info.cern.ch), and the first Web pages that described the project itself. The browser could access Usenet newsgroups and FTP files as well. However, it could run only on the NeXT; Nicola Pellow therefore created a simple text browser that could run on almost any computer. To encourage use within CERN, they put the CERN telephone directory on the web - previously users had had to log onto the mainframe in order to look up phone numbers.

1991

The digital answering machine was invented in 1991 Paste this link to find out more...

http://inventors.about.com/od/astartinventions/a/Answering.htm

Grey Advertising are commonly accepted as the first company to use the internet advertising as a "new media" on June 11 1990.

The London England division of Madison Avenue based Grey Corp in partnership with ISP UUNET in Cambridge England launched online ads for Proctor & Gamble, British American Tobacco and financial company Allied Dunbar.

Web addresses were printed on billboards and information regarding Proctor & Gamble products could be found using a now defunct search engine called Gopher.

BAT were attracted to the new media as a way of circumventing increasing controls and regulations in North America and Europe.

Allied Dunbar provided an online inquiry form for new prospects.

Internet innovator "Bart" Barry Chapman devised the "New Media Experiment" backed by legendary MadMan Roger Edwards CEO of Grey Offshore and Grey Advertising Managing Director David Hancock. Technical and legal doubts combined with low internet penetration denied ongoing success but the race had begun.

The internet.

More specifically, he is generally credited as the designer of the IP ("Internet Protocol"), along with the associated TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), though several others on the team also contributed non-trivially. These basic protocols form the foundation of the network "language" that allows large numbers of computers to communicate easily.

He also help invent MCI Mail, the first commercial electronic mail system which used TCP/IP and the Internet to send messages.

Also overlooked by many is his large role in founding the Internet Society, one of the main organizations which has helped coordinate the technological evolution of the Internet, and helped insure the Internet did not devolve into a tangled mess of incompatible (or proprietary, locked-in) protocols.

NCSA Mosaic was the first successful graphical Web browser.

Erwise and ViolaWWW were graphical browsers that predated Mosaic, but were not anywhere near as successful.

Military use.

Initially it was invented for security agencies (specially military) communication and correspondence. It was the most secure platform as nobody knew anything about it. So, it was easy for security persons to share information with different stakeholders.

The internet search engine was established in November, 1996. The internet meta-search site "Dogpile.com" is one of several (including Answers.com) that merge multiple responses from other major search engines. Dogpile.com is owned by InfoSpace.

First Email This is a excerpt from Ray Tomlinson's website entitled "First Email" " The first message was sent between two machines that were literally side by side. The only physical connection they had (aside from the floor they sat on) was through the ARPANET. I sent a number of test messages to myself from one machine to the other. The test messages were entirely forgettable and I have, therefore, forgotten them. Most likely the first message was QWERTYUIOP or something similar. When I was satisfied that the program seemed to work, I sent a message to the rest of my group explaining how to send messages over the network. The first use of network email announced its own existence. These first messages were sent in late 1971. The next release of TENEX went out in early 1972 and included the version of SNDMSG with network mail capabilities. The CPYNET protocol was soon replaced with a real file transfer protocol having specific mail handling features. Later, a number of more general mail protocols were developed. "

The TCP/IP suite of protocols is the set of protocols used to communicate across the internet. It is also widely used on many organizational networks due to its flexibility and wide array of functionality provided. TCP/IP is a set of protocols which is used to govern the web. The division of TCP/IP protocols layer wise and function wise is as follows: * SLIP - Serial Line Internet Protocol. This protocol places data packets into data frames in preparation for transport across network hardware media. This protocol is used for sending data across serial lines. There is no error correction, addressing or packet identification. There is no authentication or negotiation capabilities with SLIP. SLIP will only support transport of IP packets. * CSLIP - Compressed SLIP is essentially data compression of the SLIP protocol. It uses Van Jacobson compression to drastically reduce the overhead of packet overhead. This may also be used with PPP and called CPPP. * PPP - Point to Point Protocol is a form of serial line data encapsulation that is an improvement over SLIP which provides serial bi-directional communication. It is much like SLIP but can support AppleTalk, IPX, TCP/IP, and NetBEUI along with TCP/IP which is supported by SLIP. It can negociate connection parameters such as speed along with the ability to support PAP and CHAP user authentication. * Ethernet - Ethernet is not really called a protocol. There are also many types of ethernet. The most common ethernet which is used to control the handling of data at the lowest layer of the network model is 802.3 ethernet. 802.3 ethernet privides a means of encapsulating data frames to be sent between computers. It specifies how network data collisions are handled along with hardware addressing of network cards. * ARP - Address Resolution Protocol enables the packaging of IP data into ethernet packages. It is the system and messaging protocol that is used to find the ethernet (hardware) address from a specific IP number. Without this protocol, the ethernet package could not be generated from the IP package, because the ethernet address could not be determined. * IP - Internet Protocol. Except for ARP and RARP all protocols' data packets will be packaged into an IP data packet. IP provides the mechanism to use software to address and manage data packets being sent to computers. * RARP - Reverse address resolution protocol is used to allow a computer without a local permanent data storage media to determine its IP address from its ethernet address. * TCP - A reliable connection oriented protocol used to control the management of application level services between computers. It is used for transport by some applications. * UDP - An unreliable connection less protocol used to control the management of application level services between computers. It is used for transport by some applications which must provide their own reliability. * ICMP - Internet control message protocol (ICMP) provides management and error reporting to help manage the process of sending data between computers. (Management). This protocol is used to report connection status back to computers that are trying to connect other computers. For example, it may report that a destination host is not reachable. * FTP - File Transfer Protocol allows file transfer between two computers with login required. * TFTP - Trivial File Transfer Protocol allows file transfer between two computers with no login required. It is limited, and is intended for diskless stations. * NFS- Network File System is a protocol that allows UNIX and Linux systems remotely mount each other's file systems. * SNMP - Simple Network Management Protocol is used to manage all types of network elements based on various data sent and received. * SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is used to transport mail. Simple Mail Transport Protocol is used on the internet, it is not a transport layer protocol but is an application layer protocol. * HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol is used to transport HTML pages from web servers to web browsers. The protocol used to communicate between web servers and web browser software clients. * BOOTP - Bootstrap protocol is used to assign an IP address to diskless computers and tell it what server and file to load which will provide it with an operating system. * DHCP - Dynamic host configuration protocol is a method of assigning and controlling the IP addresses of computers on a given network. It is a server based service that automatically assigns IP numbers when a computer boots. This way the IP address of a computer does not need to be assigned manually. This makes changing networks easier to manage. DHCP can perform all the functions of BOOTP. * BGP - Border Gateway Protocol. When two systems are using BGP, they establish a TCP connection, then send each other their BGP routing tables. BGP uses distance vectoring. It detects failures by sending periodic keep alive messages to its neighbors every 30 seconds. It exchanges information about reachable networks with other BGP systems including the full path of systems that are between them. Described by RFC 1267, 1268, and 1497. * EGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol is used between routers of different systems. * IGP - Interior Gateway Protocol. The name used to describe the fact that each system on the internet can choose its own routing protocol. RIP and OSPF are interior gateway protocols. * RIP - Routing Information Protocol is used to dynamically update router tables on WANs or the internet. A distance-vector algorithm is used to calculate the best route for a packet. RFC 1058, 1388 (RIP2). * OSPF - Open Shortest Path First dynamic routing protocol. A link state protocol rather than a distance vector protocol. It tests the status of its link to each of its neighbors and sends the acquired information to them. * POP3- Post Office Protocol version 3 is used by clients to access an internet mail server to get mail. It is not a transport layer protocol. * IMAP4 - Internet Mail Access Protocol version 4 is the replacement for POP3. * Telnet is used to remotely open a session on another computer. It relies on TCP for transport and is defined by RFC854. * BAP - Bandwidth Allocation Protocol is a bandwidth control protocol for PPP connections. It works with BACP. * BACP - Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol. * IP - Internet Protocol. Except for ARP and RARP all protocols' data packets will be packaged into an IP data packet. IP provides the mechanism to use software to address and manage data packets being sent to computers. * SLIP - Serial Line Internet Protocol. This protocol places data packets into data frames in preparation for transport across network hardware media. This protocol is used for sending data across serial lines. There is no error correction, addressing or packet identification. There is no authentication or negotiation capabilities with SLIP. SLIP will only support transport of IP packets. * CSLIP - Compressed SLIP is essentially data compression of the SLIP protocol. It uses Van Jacobson compression to drastically reduce the overhead of packet overhead. This may also be used with PPP and called CPPP. * PPP - Point to Point Protocol is a form of serial line data encapsulation that is an improvement over SLIP which provides serial bi-directional communication. It is much like SLIP but can support AppleTalk, IPX, TCP/IP, and NetBEUI along with TCP/IP which is supported by SLIP. It can negociate connection parameters such as speed along with the ability to support PAP and CHAP user authentication. * Ethernet - Ethernet is not really called a protocol. There are also many types of ethernet. The most common ethernet which is used to control the handling of data at the lowest layer of the network model is 802.3 ethernet. 802.3 ethernet privides a means of encapsulating data frames to be sent between computers. It specifies how network data collisions are handled along with hardware addressing of network cards. * TCP - A reliable connection oriented protocol used to control the management of application level services between computers. It is used for transport by some applications. * UDP - An unreliable connection less protocol used to control the management of application level services between computers. It is used for transport by some applications which must provide their own reliability. * SNMP - Simple Network Management Protocol is used to manage all types of network elements based on various data sent and received. * ICMP - Internet control message protocol provides management and error reporting to help manage the process of sending data between computers. (Management). This protocol is used to report connection status back to computers that are trying to connect other computers. For example, it may report that a destination host is not reachable. This protocol is required for basic TCP/IP operations. * ARP - Address Resolution Protocol enables the packaging of IP data into ethernet packages. It is the system and messaging protocol that is used to find the ethernet (hardware) address from a specific IP number. Without this protocol, the ethernet package could not be generated from the IP package, because the ethernet address could not be determined. protocol is used to report connection status back to computers that are trying to connect other computers. For example, it may report that a destination host is not reachable. This protocol is required for basic TCP/IP operations. * BOOTP - Bootstrap protocol is used to assign an IP address to diskless computers and tell it what server and file to load which will provide it with an operating system. * DHCP - Dynamic host configuration protocol is a method of assigning and controlling the IP addresses of computers on a given network. It is a server based service that automatically assigns IP numbers when a computer boots. This way the IP address of a computer does not need to be assigned manually. This makes changing networks easier to manage. DHCP can perform all the functions of BOOTP. * RARP - Reverse address resolution protocol is used to allow a computer without a local permanent data storage media to determine its IP address from its ethernet address. * SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is used to transport mail. Simple Mail Transport Protocol is used on the internet, it is not a transport layer protocol but is an application layer protocol. * POP3 - Post Office Protocol version 3 is used by clients to access an internet mail server to get mail. It is not a transport layer protocol. * IMAP4 - Internet Mail Access Protocol version 4 is the replacement for POP3. * IGMP - Internet Group Management Protocol used to support multicasting. IGMP messages are used by multicast routers to track group memberships on each of its networks. * BGP - Border Gateway Protocol. When two systems are using BGP, they establish a TCP connection, then send each other their BGP routing tables. BGP uses distance vectoring. It detects failures by sending periodic keep alive messages to its neighbors every 30 seconds. It exchanges information about reachable networks with other BGP systems including the full path of systems that are between them. Described by RFC 1267, 1268, and 1497 * EGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol is used between routers of different systems. * IGP - Interior Gateway Protocol. The name used to describe the fact that each system on the internet can choose its own routing protocol. RIP and OSPF are interior gateway protocols. * RIP - Routing Information Protocol is used to dynamically update router tables on WANs or the internet. * OSPF - Open Shortest Path First dynamic routing protocol. A link state protocol rather than a distance vector protocol. It tests the status of its link to each of its neighbors and sends the acquired information to them.

The first private Internet service providers (ISPs) began to emerge in the late 1980s and early 1990s. However, it was not until 1991 that a series of agreements made it possible for traffic from private ISPs to traverse the full breadth of the Internet "backbone," which was then maintained by the National Science Foundation (NSF), with government funds and therefore subject to a fairly rigorous acceptable use policy that generally forbade all but educational and research uses. E-commerce took hold in a limited way from 1991 onward but 1995 is when the Internet really took off as a fully private and commercial venture--this was the year that the NSF withdrew its support from the Internet backbone, turning it over to private control and therefore universally lifting anti-commercial acceptable use policies; that Internet registrar Network Solutions was allowed to charge for registering domain names; and that credit card encryption made large-scale e-commerce both practical and appealing to consumers. Add in the introduction of Netscape, which was, after Mosaic, the second widely available web browser with a graphical user interface (GUI) in 1994 (and a smash hit), and you had all the ingredients in place for the .com boom that occupied the rest of the 1990s. So the answer to your question is: it started in the late 1980s in a limited way, picked up steam in the early 1990s, and was fully realized in 1995--though saying that the Internet became "a commercial product" is not really an accurate way of putting it; the Internet does not properly refer to a product of any sort but rather the infrastructure and protocols (largely TCP/IP) that make seamless interconnection of multiple networks possible.

sir timothy john berner lee in 25 december 1990

First, you need to determine what "stuff" you want. If it's a picture you're after, right-cick and save as, follow the onscreen prompts. If it's software, try Sourceforge.net. They have freeware project versions of just about any software you could imagine. GIMP for example can do just about anything Photoshop CS2 could do, but it's totally free. If you're after music, I can't tell you to pirate it, but the information is out there on exactly how, if you choose to break those laws.

A computer network is merely a group of computers connected either through physical connections (wires that connect to a central location called a hub) or wireless radio wave connections. The Internet is global network. A network of networks. All the Internet is is miles and miles of fiber optic cables that span the entire planet, allowing computers from one half of the world to communicate with computers on the other half. The World Wide Web (abbreviated to WWW for simplicity's sake) is the interface of the Internet that formats information in an appealing and good-looking way (this comes in the form of webpages. You are viewing a webpage right now). Your internet browser uses the WWW to let you view information on the Internet. If you were to actually navigate the Internet without the Web, all you would see is a bunch of unintelligable numbers and symbols.

The fictional character Rose DeWitt Bukater was 17 when she boarded the Titanic. The character, who changed her name to Rose Dawson Calvert, died at the age of 102.

the goal of ARPANET was to allow university-based researchers working for the Defense Department to share information with their colleagues in other U.S. cities.

One of the first inventions of the Industrial Revolution that helped bring a transformation from manual labor to a reliance on machinery was the a machine that allowed for mass production of steel nibs for fountain pens. Before this machine, making the nibs were time-consuming and costly. The machine was invented by William Joseph Gillott, William Mitchell, and James Stephen Perry.

Excel is a spreadsheet developed by Microsoft but is by no means the first spreadsheet. The very first spreadsheet was developed (or invented) by Dan Bricklin and Bob Frankston called VisiCalc. VisiCalc was a spreadsheet written to operate on the Apple II computer and was released in 1979. The program was sold to Lotus who developed Lotus 123 from the VisiCalc principle. Lotus 123 was released in 1983. Excel, first released in 1987, is a development of the early spreadsheets and therefore cannot strictly be classified as an invention. Excel is far more powerful than VisiCalc but that is also a result of development over the years that Microsoft have been working on the product, and the increase in computing power. Dan Bricklin and Bob Frankston never patented the product because software patents were almost unheard of in the 70s.

Information and Communications Technology or Information and Communication Technology (ICT), is often used as an extended synonym for information technology (IT), but is a more specific term that stresses the role of unified communications and the integration of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals), computers as well as necessary enterprise software, middleware, storage, and audio-visual systems, which enable users to access, store, transmit, and manipulate information. The term ICT is now also used to refer to the convergence of audio-visual and telephone networks with computer networks through a single cabling or link system.

The information is called Hypertext documents commonly known as HTML ( Hypertext Markup Language) This includes text and codes, which are visible only to the web browser and instruct the browser how to display the text. For example , help would appear as help.

The INTERNET is a collection of networks in the network infrastructure. Millions of computer are connected with each other with help of Internet. We can share data, view animations, stay connected and much more only if both sides of the PC have access to Internet.

The World Wide Web is the only information accessible over the Internet through one and only medium knows as HTTP Text Transfer Protocol). It is one of the most top model in the Web.

Both can be given the best example Internet is a restaurant and Web is considered as most popular dish in the menu.

The Internet was originally launched in 1969 by the Defense Department. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) launched the DARPA Internet Program which developed into the Internet we have today.

From Wikipedia's article on ARPANet, the predecessor to the modern internet. NCP [the Network Control Program] provided a standard set of network services that could be shared by several applications running on a single host computer. This led to the evolution of application protocols that operated more or less independently of the underlying network service. When the ARPANET migrated to the Internet protocols in 1983, the major application protocols migrated along with it. * E-mail: In 1971, Ray Tomlinson of BBN sent the first network email [3]. By 1973, 75% of the ARPANET traffic was email. * File transfer:By 1973, the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) specification had been defined and implemented, enabling file transfers over the ARPANET. * Voice traffic: A Network Voice Protocol (NVP) specifications was also defined (RFC 741) and then implemented, but conference calls over the ARPANET never worked well, for technical reasons; packet voice would not become a workable reality for a few decades. ARPANet was originally conceived as a fail-safe method of communications in the event of a nuclear attack, but the network's applications soon proved much larger than that and - moreover - the problem of adequately securing the transmission lines against an EMP was never completely resolved for large-scale applicaion.

internet connection