HIV and AIDS

A virus's DNA and RNA are surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid. This capsid provides protection to the virus's genetic material and helps it to infect host cells. Some viruses also have an additional lipid envelope surrounding the capsid.

Cells of the immune system, such as T and B lymphocytes, recognize and respond to foreign invaders, called antigens, by producing specific antibodies or initiating cell-mediated responses. After the initial immune response, memory cells are formed, which help maintain a faster and stronger response upon subsequent exposure to the same antigen. This process of evoking and maintaining an immune response is crucial for protecting the body against pathogens and maintaining immunity.

Yes, human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) can be transmitted through blood transfusions, sharing needles, and from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding. It primarily infects T cells and can lead to diseases such as adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis.

Viruses can be beneficial to humans by serving as tools for gene therapy and gene editing, aiding in the development of vaccines, and contributing to the regulation of the immune system. They can also contribute to the diversity of the human microbiome.

I dont think so,if we had cold and immedietly check hiv test we are gonna be considered hiv positive.Anyone had virus in their own body in small quantity,i have read that actually hiv is doesnt even exist,but our immune system can showed that we had infected.Someone can be claimed hiv positive,if he got infected by another one.

Helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells are the main types of T cells involved in cellular immunity. Helper T cells help activate other immune cells, while cytotoxic T cells directly kill infected or abnormal cells. Both types are important for coordinating and executing the immune response against pathogens.

An organism such as an insect that transmits pathogens is referred to as a vector. Vectors can transmit diseases such as malaria, Zika virus, and Lyme disease by carrying pathogens from one host to another. Controlling vector populations is crucial in preventing the spread of these diseases.

This result indicates that there were no HIV antibodies detected in the sample tested for both HIV types I and II. A non-reactive result typically means that the individual does not have a current HIV infection. It is important to continue practicing safe sex and regular testing for HIV to maintain a healthy lifestyle.

If many T cells are destroyed, the immune system may become severely compromised, leading to increased susceptibility to infections and diseases. This condition is known as immunodeficiency or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) when caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

The ones with worse resistance are less suited to suvival, and hence are selected against by being destroyed by antivirals more often.

When repeated, this means successively more and more of each generation is highly resistant, or that the reistsance is higher in each one. This is almost exactly the definition of natural selection, replacing the general trait with the specific resistance to antivirals.

HIV virus invades the cell membrane and attacks the CD4 receptors which are basically your immune system and it uses them as a placeholder counteracting the job of the immune system. When it is no longer able to fight back then it is diagnosed as AIDS

Retroviruses are viruses that use reverse transcriptase to convert their RNA genome into DNA, which is then integrated into the host cell's genome. This process allows the virus to replicate using the host cell's machinery.

Rhinovirus typically follows a lytic cycle, where it infects host cells, replicates rapidly, and causes cell lysis to release new viral particles. This cycle does not involve a latent or lysogenic phase seen in some other viruses.

Helper T cells do not directly eliminate pathogens themselves. Instead, they help activate other immune cells such as B cells and cytotoxic T cells to target and destroy pathogens. Helper T cells release signaling molecules called cytokines that orchestrate the immune response against the disease.

An immunodeficiency syndrome.  Hereditary types are called SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency) and the acquired type (from HIV) is AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome).

HIV has devised clever strategies that allow it to persist for many years in an infected person. HIV splices its genes into those of the host, so it is intimately associated with a variety of cells. The virus hides in certain reservoirs in the body that are not easily reached by current drugs. Moreover, as HIV spreads in an infected individual, it undergoes changes. Thus, many variants of HIV can exist even within a single person.

This variation allows HIV to escape from the patient's immune system or from some antiviral drugs. We're not treating one virus, but many thousands of slightly different viruses, each tenaciously integrated into host cells. A realistic goal for the treatment of HIV-infected individuals is not to totally rid the body of HIV, but to suppress it so that it does not cause disease and is not efficiently transmitted to anyone else.

There is no such thing as a "last stage" classification of AIDS. In the United States, a person is given and AIDS diagnosis if their cell counts drop below 200, but it is not classified as "last stage."

its because the AIDS bassicaly shuts down your immune system so its sorta like virus that makes your body kill itself except its for immune system so therefor you body haves nothing to help with infection so hope and prey is last hope

If you toched someone with it you would catch it. ALso many people tried to run away which just caused it to spread more. the disease came from rats and people's toilets so it is all over the streets. The dead bodies could still spread the disease too.

Interferon is the protein released by macrophages and activated T cells that helps protect other body cells from viral multiplication. It works by inhibiting the replication of viruses within infected cells and activating immune responses to eliminate the viruses.

The body's first line of defense against HIV is the mucous membranes. These membranes act as a physical barrier that helps prevent the virus from entering the body through openings like the mouth, nose, and genitals. Additionally, the mucous membranes also produce substances like mucus and enzymes that can help trap and eliminate pathogens like HIV.

Yeast cells are usually classified as gram-positive because they have a thick cell wall composed of chitin and beta-glucans, similar to other fungi. However, yeast cells may not always adhere strictly to the gram staining classification due to variations in cell wall composition.

Cytotoxic T cells (CD8+ T cells) are responsible for directly killing virus-infected body cells and some tumor cells by releasing cytotoxic molecules like perforin and granzymes. They recognize infected or abnormal cells by recognizing antigens presented on the cell surface.

HIV is a retrovirus, which carries two copies of RNA as its genetic material to increase the chances of successful infection and replication. By having two copies, the virus can mutate more easily and evade the host immune system, increasing its chances of survival and transmission. Having two copies also serves as a backup in case one of the strands is damaged during replication.

If many T-cells are destroyed, it could result in a weakened immune system, leading to increased susceptibility to infections, autoimmune diseases, and certain cancers. This condition is known as immunodeficiency.