Horse Breeding

50% chance of a dun. Since dun factor can be present in association with any base coat color and there is no indication of the base coat color of the mare it is difficult to make any statement regarding the possibility of overall color of the resulting foal.

It means to have an idea. It comes from another word meaning to conceive. A sperm and egg form a new individual and it is said that they (the parents) conceived it.

Theoretically speaking, a mare could have a foal when she is two. She could have a foal every year until she is into her 30s. So its possible for one mare to have 30 babies. This is all just theory though. Most mares have only a couple in their life time.

A stallion can have many more offspring than mares can however, because they can have many, many foals each year as they do not have to carry them for a year. Secretariat sired several hundreds of foals, and so have many other stallions.

Mares will still interact with a stallion even when they are not in heat. If the stallion is relaxed and non agressive they can touch noses, do mutual grooming

or ignore each other.

If the stallion is interested in breeding, the mare will lean away from him, squeal, pin her ears and if he remains insistent she will often kick. Mares can still urinate (as a display of submission as opposed to a sign of heat) when they are disinterested in the stallion, but they will not stand or breakdown...will swish their tail and some will grimace and clap their mouths (another display of

submission) as part of the "no display".

Overly agressive stallions in a herd will often have several mares "rescue" a mare from his unwanted attentions...by circling around her and preventing him from getting close.

A male mule is always sterile, however , rarely, a female mule will be able to reproduce.

True Blue Roan would be aaE-Rn-

A gray overo horse with an unknown coat color ----G-Ov (ang assuming that coverao is supposed to be overo and not tobero).

50% chance of the Roan allele passing on to the foal,

50% chance of the gray allele passing on to the foal.

50% chance of the overo allele passing on to the foal.

The blue roan parent will pass the black allele on at the agouti site but since the base color genetics of the gray parent is unknown a determination of which

alleles for chestnut, black bay etc will be passed is a complete guess without

information on the foal's grandparents and even great grand parents on the gray horse's side.

Yes they can produce twins, however, births of viable twins are actually quite rare about 4% of twin births result in 2 viable foals.

Most mares in foal with twins will have one viable foal, or they will abort both twins because the two placentas will not support foals once they get to a certain size.

Often, if there is a large difference in placentation between the two fetuses the smaller fetus will die and either mummify or decay. Mummification of one fetus will

often allow the other fetus to develop to term.

The production of identical twins is much rarer still.

Yes, he has only one testicle.

"He or she will need clothes, diapers, wipes, a crib, blankets (both bed and recieving), nail clippers, nail files, formula (if that is your choice), bottles, nipples, socks, shoes (optional), baby tylenol, teething gel, baby lotion, baby powder, baby shampoo, baby body wash, baby washcloths, baby Q-tips, a booger sucker, baby towels, a baby bath tub, and infant gas medicine. It's your choice if you want to buy your newborn baby any books or toys but they wont really enjoy them until they are around 3 or 4 months." "Also dont forget about you before the baby is born, make sure you take your prenatals every day and enjoy all the sleep you can get because when that baby gets here you wont be getting much of it."

"Stuff mentioned above are the basic needs of a baby. You should secure them prior of giving birth. Perhaps, you would also consider nursery for you baby and put some nursery decorations, furniture and lamps in it. It is adorable."

you can get poblem becuse all birth you can get porblems

230 days

There is no horse breed with a maximum height of 46 inches (11. hands 2 inches)but there are sections of breeds that have minimum and maximum heights.

The Welsh breed is a good example.

As stated there is no height limit for 46 inches. But several breed associations do impose height limits. Such as the American Miniature horse Registry. Mini's must not be over 38 inches to be registered. Shetland pony's are another, they have a max height limit of 42 inches (10.2 hands).

The best sign of birth is the 'waxing up' of the horse's teats. Dried milk will be seen at the ends of the teats. Birth is usually hours away.

The foal could be any height with that range in height from the parents. A foals height will not be in the middle of the two heights generally speaking.

No. For almost all mammals, the gestation period will be consistent regardless of the age of the male or female parent.

Selective breeding.

A stallion that is capable of achieving a conception rate of 75 percent is regarded as acceptable, compared with a conception rate of 90 percent for a stallion in the wild, who would run with 30 to 40 mares

What

I don't

What are you even

What

The longest live foal delivery on record is 445 days!

Average foaling is 320-360. Foaling after 370 days of gestation are not uncommon in larger breeds and usually do not represent a problem. Foals born after a prolonged gestation are often small in size as a result of a delayed uterine development period, and rarely present foaling problems as a result of "having grown too big".

Yes

Cross breeding is the intentional mixing of two distinctly different breeds or types of horses with the intent of producing a horse with the most desirable characteristics of

both parents or of the parent stocks.

A quick look at the Internet reveals no horse specific calculators of the type in which you are interested. Most of the cattle crossbreeding calculators are oriented toward

milk, meat production that is designed to promote the benefits of breed specific crosses. (Just because I didn't find one doesn't mean it's not out there somewhere.)

The initial F1 cross has 50% of the genetics of each parent.

Subsequent percentages of blood now hinge on how the resulting F1 individuals are

crossed to produce the next generation.

A cross breeding program that only wants to incorporate a single characteristic from the program is very straight forward. Multiple traits require much more

diligence and would quite difficult to calculate.

Pintabians would be a good example a single trait program, where the breeders wanted to ad a spotting pattern to their Arabian horses but otherwise retain all the

Arabian characteristics and eventually produce a genetically near 100% Arabian horse by blood.

If the desired spotting pattern is Tobiano (a dominant trait) the breeder(s) need to

select the method(s) of aquiring the desired trait. The breeder(s) can choose to find mares from the spotted breed for a stallion(s) and retain only the F1 foals that have the Tobiano gene. These foals will be 50% Arabian. (The other option is to use a stallion, hopefully Homozygous Tobiano, to produce all spotted F1 foals. This also maintains the female family genetics of the desired rootstock/mitochondrial DNA if this is deemed important).

The best choice for crossbreeding is a breed with the Tobiano spotting trait that is structurally similar and with considerable common ancestry to the Arabian horse.

Selection of the superior spotted F1 foals and exclusively breeding these individuals to purebred Arabians will yield an F2 generation that is 75% Arabian (by blood).

Again, if only superior spotted F2 foals are bred to purebred Arabians the F3 spotted foals will be 87.5% Arabian by blood.

Using the same technique the F4 generation will be 93.75% Arabian.

F5 96.88%

F6 98.44%

Of course, even though the ultimate goal is to have spotted Arabians, the purebred to

spotted scenario will not yield the ultimate Pintabian, which is a true breeding Tobiano that is genetically as close to 100% Arabian as possible. Waiting until the

F4, F5 or F6 generation to breed for a homozygous Tobiano using crossbred offspring is a considerable investment in both time and money. The choice to breed superior F3 individuals that can later be crossed back on purebred Arabians to achieve a "true" 99% plus Arabian would be more cost effective.

If you're talking about what color the foal would be when it was born, then there's really no way to tell. It all depends on the dam's and sire's genetics. The foal could come out light bay. It also could come out grey. But it could also come out a number of other colors such as black, palomino, buckskin, piebald, etc. depending on the breed of its parents and its DNA.

EVA (Equine Viral Arteritis) Many stallions affected can be carriers. Mares recover.

Sexual rest and testing of affected stallions to determine if they are carriers. Effective vaccine is available for use on stallions and mares that have not been exposed. Will not eliminate shedding in carrier stallions.

Glanders bacterial disease caused by Buckholderia mallei (no effective treatment affected animals are destroyed) Not currently in the USA

CEM (Contagious Equine Metritis) Treatment is sexual rest and antibiotics

Dourine bacterial disease caused by Trypanosoma equiperdum (no effective treatment affected animals are destroyed) Not currently in the USA

ECE (Equine Coital Exanthema) Causes sores on genitalia. Treatment is sexual rest until lesions are gone.

Prior to the breeding season both mare and stallion should have a vet check to make sure they are in good health, are current on vaccinations, and detect any problems before breeding starts. Many people don't realize that breeding can be stressful for the animals. Stallions can get exhausted, especially if most of the breedings are a 'live cover'. They can drop weight very quickly at this time of year. Same thing goes for the mare. If she has been moved away from her home to be bred she can get stressed and drop weight. Stress can also prevent or delay pregnancy. If the mare is to be travelling for breeding, it's best to take her a month in advance to let her settle down and acclimate to her temporary home.

Many breeders put their horses under lights to simulate an increase in photo period so that mares behind cycling earlier than they would using natural light.