Hundred Years War

Around 21-22,000 people died in the battle of Agincourts.

The Hundred Years War started in 1337 and ended in 1453. There were 3.5 million people who lost their lives during this war.

One of the major results of the Hundred Years War was the reorganization of France. France was left in disarray, so Louis XI used this weakness to create a strong royal authority and develop France's navy.

It was a different length for different people. Besides it was a series of wars. And also The Hundred-and-sixteen-years War doesn't have quite the same ring to it so they had to round it down.

Yes, when she was 13 she heard the voices of St. Michael, St. Margaret, and St. Catherine. They told her that she needed to help the King of France, Charles VII, and help him reclaim the French land that was taken over by the English. She also heard the voice of God who told her to fight in war with the French and help them win (France was losing many battles and soldiers then)

This quote was said about Joan of Arc after she was executed "A saint is like a star, A star never dies. Neither does a saint"

Joan of Arc had the greatest impact on the Hundred years' war, by lifting the spirits of the nearly defeated French.

Joan of Arc is the only person you could possibly be referring to. She commanded the French Army because she had gained the confidence of the Dauphin (prince) and led a French force against the English at Orleans in May 1st thru the 8th, 1429. It was due to her natural leadership and inspiration that her soldiers defeated the English at Orleans and later at the open field battle of Patay that June 17th, where over 2000 English soldiers were killed and a famous English commander, Lord John Talbot, was captured.

Joan then conducted the Dauphin to Rheims in northern France, where he was crowned King Charles VII of France. Joan's military successes led eventually to the complete expulsion of the English from France by 1453, ending the Hundred Years' War.

Joan was executed in a mock trial conducted by the English, who feared and hated Joan for having defeated them in battle and thwarting their

attempts to conquer all of France. She was burnt at the stake on May 31, 1429,

but this verdict was later reversed by the "Nullification Trial" of 1450 thru 1456

called for by Charles VII and the pope. She was made a saint in 1920.

Joan of Arc had the greatest impact on the Hundred years' war, by lifting the spirits of the nearly defeated French.

Joan of Arc was born ca. Jan. 6, 1412. When she reached Orleans on April 29, 1429, she was 17 years old. She raised the siege of Orleans by May 8th, 1429.

She was burnt at the stake after a mock trial staged by the English for heresy, being found guilty of wearing men's clothing, on May 30,1431, at the age of 19.

The Pope had a nullification trial for Joan of Arc in the 1450's, and after numerous

errors were found in Joan's original trial, mainly because of the fear and hatred

of Joan by her English captors whom she had defeated decisively in battle, she was declared innocent, and the original trial declared null.

Joan was not executed for witchcraft. She was executed under the pretense of being a heretic by a bishop who supported the British who Joan was trying to drive out of France. About 20 years after her execution she was totally exonerated of all charges against her. Unfortunately, this came too late to save Joan.

Longbow, Canons,Swords, spears, axe

Joan of Arc was captured on May 23, 1430 outside the gates of Compiegne, France . Joan at the time was leading a small group of French soldiers against Burgundian troops who wished to lay siege to Compiegne. She got too far from Compiegne when she realized her troops were badly out-numbered and began a retreat to Compiegne. Taking up a rear position to protect her retreating soldiers, the drawbridge to Compiegne was closed before Joan could get back in the town and avoid capture. She was surrounded by Burgundian soldiers, pulled off her horse, and later sold by John Duke of Luxembourg to the English.

There is an unproven legend that when Joan was burned at the stake, her heart remained untouched by the flames.

This is the term coined in France in the early 1860s to describe the wars between England and France from 1337 to 1453. In reality, there was not a constant state of warfare. Conflict was punctuated by several truces and by full peace between 1360 and 1369.

It was also broken up into four pieces. They fought for a year then stopped. Then 9 years later they fought again for about a year. Then they stopped, then nine years later they fought again. Then they stopped, then nine years later they fought again, and that was the end of it.

Basically the French are considered the victor of the 100 Years War. However it is worth noting that the 100 Years War was actually a series of wars, lasting from 1337- 1441, in which the English were invading France in order to conquer it. The French are considered the victors because eventually the English were defeated enough times that they stopped invading France.

The war stimulated French nationalistic sentiment and transformed France from a feudal monarchy to a centrally-governed 'state' with a professional standing army. The expensive and debilitating wars served to shape England's early modern political culture by causing the English populace to want to fight wars that were deemed significant to the national interest.

In 1071 the Muslim Saljuq Turks defeated the Byzantine Christians at Manzikert in Eastern Anatolia. Subsequently, the Turks spread all over Anatolia and would have most likely crossed over to Europe had not the Byzantine Empire pleaded with the pope to send an army to dislodge them from his territory. The first crusade did just that...the Turks were defeated and pushed back into central and eastern Anatolia where they would remain for the next two centuries. Alas, by the 1300's they had conquered Anatolia, and in 1354 had crossed over to Europe to wreak havoc and destruction from Athens to Vienna for the next few centuries. The crusades delayed the Muslim invasion of Europe for about two centuries.

The Crusades resulted as a reaction of Muslim aggression against the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantines). The Muslims were running constant aggressive conquest campaigns on Christian lands as part of their imperialistic expansion. In 638 the Muslims conquered Jerusalem - the holy land where Jews and Christians would pilgrimage to. The Christian pilgrims to there were persecuted by the Muslims greatly. Over 60 Christian pilgrims were crucified in one short period by the Muslims. A Muslim governor of Caesarea in the 8th Century often seized pilgrims, one large group from Iconium was seized and they were all executed as spies (except for some that chose to convert to Islam instead of facing the sword). Muslims would ransack the churches if the pilgrims didn't pay protection money. Christian iconography and crosses were banned by the Muslims so many churches were pillaged and defaced. Caliph Mansur (around the 8th Century) ordered that the hands of all Christians and Jews be stamped with a distinctive symbol which helped them be 'humiliated' and identified for paying of the Jizzya (tax for being Christian). Converts to Christianity were executed (such as the ex-Muslim monk in 789). Churches and monasteries conquered by the Muslims were plundered and monks and clergy were often murdered such as Saint Theodosius monastery in Bethlehem. By the start of the 9th Century most Christians fled from their hometown to Christian cities such as Constantinople that were still under the Byzantines. In 937 during Easter celebrations, specifically Palm Sunday, Muslims rampaged through Jerusalem against the Christians and destroyed their churches including Church of Calvary and the Church of the Resurrection. It wasn't until the 960's (up to 200 years later) than the Christians actually reacted to this violence and persecution. Cities taken by force such as Crete, Cilicia, Cyprus, Antioch and even parts of Syria were reconquered by the Christians.

In 974 the Muslims then launched an official offensive under Sunni Caliph Abbasid against the Byzantines. The campaign of Muslims against the Christians lasted for around 30 more years until a short ceasfire while the Muslims fought against themselves. Then at the beginning of the 11th Century the Muslims again started their offensive against the Christians under Abu 'Ali al-Mansur al-Hakim and this was taken out on the average Christian. Churches were burnt, church property was seized. Over the first 10 years of the 11th Century over 30,000 churches were destroyed by the Muslim aggressors.

They even destroyed the Church of the Holy Sepulcher - the traditional site marking were Christ was buried. The Caliph ordered the tomb be destroyed.

All the Christians and Jews of Jerusalem (and other Muslim territories) were forced to wear heavy crosses and wooden calves around their neck. It wasn't until 1021 that this persecution decreased.

In 1056 hundreds of Christians were expelled from Jerusalem and European Christians were blocked from the pilgrimage to the city. On entering Jerusalem in 1077 3000 Jews and Christians were murdered by the Muslim invaders.

Then we get to where the story you quoted began - in response to the calls for help by the Christians persecuted throughout the Middle East and former Byzantine Empire territories the Western Church sent help.

They were tossed rather unceremoniously into the Seine River. there have been all sorts of unconfirmed and generally disproved Johannic relics over the centuries such as alleged miraculously preserved hearts (how could she have more than one) body armor ( conceivable some parts could have survived) and so one. there are no bonafide ( Good Faith) first-class relics of the Maid. sorry.

Yes, as these were related to war preparedness, such as martial sports akin to Jousting, a form of cavalry drill, sword fencing, and possibly archery. Only what would today be called ( Defense sports) were known, and practiced, in Joan"s time.

The causes of the 100 Year War were disagreements over rights to land, a dispute over the run to the French throne because Charles IV of France died without leaving any children. Meaning the Carpetian Dynasty would die out. And also economic conflicts like The wool trade between England and Flanders served as the cornerstone of both countries' economies. However, the wealth of merchants depended on English wool

No not because it was because the English had new and approved weapons such as the long bow which was faster to load while the french had longbows which could take a 100 years to load( being sarcastic here)

There are a few reasons.Firstly, they had longbows which could fire up to eighteen arrows a minute.The French had crossbows which could only fir at around 5 arrows a minute.The English had a height advantage as well, which reduced the impact of the french cavalry charge, which made easy prey for the longbowmen.

The food that Joan of Arc ate included dried meat or jerky and whole grain breads. She also ate fish which made her extremely sick.

Chance.

A Confederate officer managed to lose a copy of Lee's orders.

They were found by Union soldiers and shown to McLellan, who saw that Lee had divided his army into widely-separated divisions.

McLellan might have been able to destroy these divisions, one by one. But there had been a Confederate spy in the camp, who alerted Lee, who then concentrated his troops at Antietam Creek, by Sharpsburg.

The Union still won the battle, but was not able to destroy the Confederate army, which escaped back to Virginia.

All of the battles were fought un France, so all the war damage was inflicted there.

Burgundy sided with Britain in the war