0
Immune System
This category is for questions about how our bodies identify and fight off disease, infection or pathogens through specialized cells, tissues and organs. The system that does this is called the immune system. It produces antibodies which recognize intruders and neutralizes potentially pathogenic organisms or substances.
4,548 Questions
What does a test result of 12 on monocytes mean?
It means that you could have an infection in your system. When your body isn't healthy, your monocyte count goes up to help fight infection. When it gets too high it is good to get it checked out.
What is the abbreviation for antinuclear antibody?
anti-nuclear antibody = ANA
ANA's are a common occurrence in lupus patients
What is the role of diapedisis and chemotaxis in the cellular stage of acute inflammation?
Diapedesis occurs when capillary permeability increases allowing the migration of monocytes through the capillary walls into tissues. Once there, monocytes are considered macrophages. This allows for full macrophage activity.
An antibody reacts to what antigen?
An antibody reacts to the specific antigen it is made to attach to. It is like the lock and key model; it locks onto the antigen.
Memory B cells or Memory T cells
Which adaptations of the skin prevent pathogens from entering the body?
There are three major non-adaptive or innate defenses in the skin to prevent the entry of pathogenic organisms.
- Keratin acts as a physical barrier to prevent moisture from escaping and pathogens from entering.
- Sebaceous glands in the skin produce sebum which is an oily substance that can inhibit the growth of some bacteria.
- Epithelial cells produce antimicrobial peptides called defensins.
What is involved in clonal expansion?
B-lymphocytes, T4-helper lymphocytes, cytokines, and most importantly pathogens (they're what triggers it in the first place).
As B-lymphocytes are maturing and differentiating, each creates a specific antigen-binding site that's fairly unique. When antigens bind to the appropriate B-lymphocytes and activate them, active T4-helper lymphocytes sensitive to the same antigen (effector T4-helper lymphocytes) produce proteins called cytokines to switch on the activated B-lymphocytes' ability to rapidly divide. The process of clonal expansion itself is just the B-lymphocytes and T4-helper lymphocytes suited to the particular antigen rapidly increasing in number and mutating as they do so to better adapt to the antigen; the T4-helper lymphocytes also experience a similar clonal expansion.
What are four examples of macroscopic pathogens?
lice, ticks ,roundworm, dracunculus are macroscopic pathogens
How can pathogens can be transmitted?
Insects can spread disease by acting as vectors, or carriers. Flies can carry germs from human waste or other tainted materials to food and beverages. Germs may also enter the body through the bite of a mosquito, louse, or other insect vector.
What chemical do macrophages secrete?
In order to defend our body, macrophages release chemicals that are toxic to eliminate diseases and harmful foreign bodies. They also secrete growth factors that are essential in healing wounds.
How long does a hangnail infection last?
I have had one before and it lasts about a week or so it matters how bad it is just keep cleaning it with h.peroxide
Establishing a state oversight body for the indigent defense system?
ensure independence of the legal process both politically and judically.
No liquid absorbs food because the food is to big to slurp up.
How does the immune system respond to the black death?
Black Death causes our body to ave turmors. Also it causes bloody vomit fever and tumors.
Explain the third line of defence both cellular immune and antibody immune response?
The bodies hird line of defense (beyond barriers like the skin and mucus) is the cellular immune response. This is where your bodies cells attack antigens (foreign molecules in your body). Many different types of cells are involved in his, but the most important are HUMORAL cells like MACROPHAGES, which basically surround and digest antigens and B CELLS which produce antibodies which surround the antigen and allow it to be attacked quicker. The OTHER type of cells belong to the ADAPTIVE immune response, which includes B-CELL tha has evolved into a MEMORY cell. These cells remember what the antigen looks like (for instance a specific virus) so that the next time it comes around the cells can make antibodies to atack it.
What is the function of lactase?
Lactase is a digestive enzyme that is produced by the small intestine.
The prime function of lactase is to digest a sugar compound called lactose.
Yap, lactase is an enzyme that breaks down the disaccharide lactose yielding an end-product of glucose and galactose. It is important in digestion because the action of lactase yields glucose which is the primary sugar in the blood.
How long will hangnail infection last?
The hangnail infection will only get worse unless you do something positive to counteract it. In the first few days, the area around the hangnail will become very red and will feel very warm when you touch it. The quickest way to heal hangnail infection is to rinse the infected area in warm water with soap, and put pressure on it so blood (and sometimes puss) can be released from the wound. As soon as all the infected blood is released, the hangnail will begin to heal. Typical heal time 3-5 days.
What does high granulocytes and low lymphocytes mean?
Decreased lymphocytes can show immune system disorders-lupus, HIV. Increased granulocytes are often a sign of bacterial infection or inflammation. Severely increased granulocytes could mean a bone marrow disorder.
How does massage therapy enhance the immune system?
Massage may enhance the immune system. A study suggests an increase in cytotoxic capacity associated with massage.
