Immune System

When the immune system in your body detects the flu virus it directs a particular type of white blood cell toward the virus called a macrophage. This white blood cell swallows up the virus and breaks it down into small parts. These small parts are then presented to other types of white blood cell known as T-cells which produce chemicals that tell your body that it is under attack by the virus. One of the responses to this is the production of antibodies which help your immune system seek out and destroy other copies of the virus, they are also stored so that if you are infected by the same (or a very similar) flu virus again your body can respond faster before the virus takes hold.

It is the chemicals made by T-cells which make you feel ill. They are very toxic which is good for killing viruses but unfortunately also causes a high temperature, muscle aches, headaches, nausea, tiredness and all the other symptoms associated with flu. So really the sickness we see when someone has flu is actually part of the body's plan to destroy the virus before it infects all the cells in your body. It is a balance between killing the virus and killing you!

Most of the time whole blood is not used because the patient's medical condition can be treated with a blood component and too much whole blood can raise a recipient's blood pressure. High blood pressure can have medical side effects

"Genetics" - Gradpoint Mrs. Degenarro :)

Yes it has come to a head the blood comes out with the infection. When there is only blood coming out. Put antibiotic ointment and a band aid. That means most of the infection is gone

what kind of pathogens normally cause mosaic and mottling

The class of immunoglobulin that is produced in the primary immune response is Immmunoglobulin M (IgM). On secondary exposure, the class that predominates would be Immunoglobulin G (IgG).

Muscle aches caused by a flu virus cannot be accounted for by fluid loss from excretions and emesis alone, because often muscle aches are the first sign of the flu, long before vomiting or diarrhea may ever occur (and they do not occur in most flu infected folk). Instead, it is the increasing body temperature (the fever that is one of the body's most effective responses for killing off heat-susceptible invaders) that causes an increase in water usage at the cellular level. Full body dehydration then almost inevitably occurs, as the flu-infected usually have their thirst and appetite mechanisms decreased as well. However, as the previous writer puts it: One of the most notable symptoms of having the "flu"the is a persistant (and often disgusting!) loss of fluid. This can be a result of vomiting, diarrhea or often a combination of the two. Within this fluid are precious ions (electrolytes) that enable all the good stuff in your body to happen: Muscle contractions, nerve impulses, even basic cellular metabolism! One of the most important (as far as your muscles are concerned) is potassium -- [although calcium, magnesium, and sodium are all equally important but just dont get the same amt of press]. Low potassium levels mean special ion channels in your muscle cells cannot function properly, and that leads to a sensation of "exhaustion", much like you just finished a marathon. Without potassium (and other molecules such as ATP) your muscles just can't function! If you have the flu and you'd like to beat the muscle ache, chow on some high potassium-sodium ratio foods such as avocados or dark green veggies (think spinach); [bananas are merely ok regarding this K/NA ratio, much more important than is absolute amount of potassium alone]. Gatorade or other (preferrably lower in sugar) sports drinks can help both replenish lost electrolytes (like potassium!) AND water, a great two-fer when you're socked in with this bug (watch the sugar level or you'll end up low on potassium again, if you get my drift!).

my wbc is8.3 (4.4-11.3) and my lymphocytes-abs are 3.62 (0.6-3.4) is this bad

First - you need to visit your doctor!!! If the test is positive, which it is, you need treatment, which you can only get from your doctor!

What do these results mean? It means there are White blood cells in your urine, enough to make the test positive which is abnormal.

As far as a negative nitrite test... If this is positive, it means you have Gram negative bacteria in your urine and need to be treated with antibiotics. If this is negative it can mean a few things - but the 3 big meanings are: 1.) there wasn't enough time fro the bacteria to make nitrites from nitrates OR 2.) you have an infection caused by Gram-positive bacteria (which do not make this test positive) OR 3.) there may be no bacteria.

Bottom line - you cannot diagnose yourself, so see a physician. A urinary tract infection can turn VERY serious in a hurry, so you'll need treatment if you have an infection!

No. Transmission is primarily via the fecal-oral route as the virus is excreted in an infected person's feces; good hand-washing habits can help prevent the spread of infection.

by giving it antiboitics.duh!!

In Radopolis

Absolutely. I have the same habit and often develop canker sores and little sore spots. I find that dabbing a little Sea Breeze on the tongue helps, due to its camphor content.

It could also be caused by eating hot or spicy foods or those with acidic content.

The function of the immune system is to protect your body from infection by pathogens and foreign invaders, or what the body perceives as invading "germs".

Your immune system works to identify pathogens and sometimes other unrecognized cells, like tumor cells, that could cause disease and then to eliminate them from your system. Your body's immune system has an incredibly difficult task in this because some of these pathogens can be "sneaky": they can redesign (mutate) themselves to trick the immune system into misidentifying them as harmless cells rather than appropriately treating them as foreign invaders.

The body's own cells

Inteferons are proteins produced and released by lymphocytes .The presence of pathogens like virus,bacteria,parasites or tumor cells near any infected cell warns the neighboring cell to release inteferons that inhibit the protein synthesis of both the host cell and pathogen cell .The cytokinin inteferon prevents the reduplication of any pathogen cell.

fatigue, weight loss, fever, and mental changes such as forgetfulness.

Well eat tutty.

It ges through them as it does in the with second line fo defence okay.

My name is

AOL

It depends on which responses you are talking about. In the autonomic system of the body that protects if from harm, the first response is quicker and the secondary response is more robust, and that is because it takes longer to involve more systems in the body to be called into action.

Antibodies are antibodies. They are specific proteins known as immunoglobulins, that have a specific structure. They have an antigen binding region, called the Fab fragment, that is extremely variable, and a tail that binds to antibody receptors, called the Fc fragment that only has a handful of variations. The Fc tail defines what kind of antibody the protein is, (i.e. IgG, IgE, IgM, etc.).

Other proteins can bind foreign bodies, the most important of which is the complement system.

Which kind of WBC is involved in the production of antibodies?

Once HIV enters the body's blood stream it immediatly starts attacking the body's CD4 cells or your helper t-cells. An average HIV Negative person has roughly around 1200 tcells per every milimeter of blood. How HIV works is that once it's in the blood stream, the HIV virus is a hundred times smaller than one tcell, and the HIV virus attaches itself to the CD4 cell and it sinks into the tcell and uses the cells RNA to copy the HIV virus up to a billion times in 24 hours. But once the HIV uses the tcells RNA the tcell then become paralyzed and dies, and after HIV and destroyed so many tcells that the numbers drop below 200 tcells per milimeter of blood, the body can not naturely fight off infection, and this stage is what you call full blown AIDS.

There are many body fluids: blood, plasma, urine, semen, saliva, etc. When you are warned to avoid exchange of body fluids, they generally mean blood and semen, since these can contain the virus which causes AIDs.

To portect the inside of your finger from bacteria and germs!! GUS