Immune System

Active sites in Enzymes can be divided in subsides (S) which consist of single amino acids. The subsides are flanking the catalytic site [C] and are numbered starting at the catalytic site. An Enzyme with 4 subsites on the one side and 3 subsides on the other side of the catalytic site has the following nomenclature S4-S3-S2-S1-[C]-S1'-S2'-S3'
The corresponding positions (P) of the substrate have the same numbering as the subsides they occupy. The positions are counted from the point of cleavage. Note that not in all cases every subside in occupied by a aminoacid of the substrate. Thus finally the P residue describes the aminoacid or molecule which can be found at that specific location of substrate.

P4-P3-P2-P1------P1'-P2' ------ = point of cleavage
S4-S3-S2-S1-[C]-S1'-S2'-S3'

Reference: Schechter and Berger (1967) On the size of active sites in proteases (Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 27, 157-162

true

my reading was 50

have a specific shape related to their specific function.

The nervous system.

Microchimerism involves injecting tiny samples of the donors tissues many months prior to the transplant. With very little damage (a needle prick), the immune system only slightly attacks the injected tissues. Soon the immune system sees no damage in the body, but still sees the foreign tissue. Over time, the immune system gets used to the donors tissues and starts seeing it as being a part of the body, and considers it an exception in the things it should attack. Once it is confirmed that the immune system is no longer attacking the donor tissue, the transplant can occur with little to no need for immuno-suppressants.

Herbalists consider ganoderma an adaptogen, or natural regulator, suppressing the immune system if it is overactive and boosting it if it is underactive.

It is not safe to give puppies medication that was designed for human consumption. The dosage would be way off for such a small animal and you can't be sure that you aren't giving your puppy something that will kill it. Take your puppy to a vet to get the appropriate medication.

cleaning and sanitizing

Abiotic means without life and these are made of dead cells growing from a nail bed of living cells.

chlorine dioxide does kill pathogens in the body and is extremely effective but it is not a naturally occurring element so I would question it but not disregard it if I was extremely sick in any way.

A cause of leukocyte esterase in urine is an urinary tract infection. Leukocyte esterase is a test used to detect a specific substance that indicates that there may be white blood cells in urine.

A negative.

thymus gland

False-possible

Check with companies/orgaizations similar to your own. Most will be happy to share policy/procedural language with you.

yes

Several diseases are caused by immune disorders. Alopecia - where the hair falls out in clumps - may well be caused by an immune disorder.

Custom antibodies are used in research. They can be customized specifically for various research areas helping to facilitate the researchers needs and goals. They are currently being used in animals to research drugs and disease processes.

Just looking at ABO/Rh antibodies, you are looking at anti-A present in a B pos person.

Western blotting. When Western blotting is used for identification purposes, proteins from a known organism are used to determine whether a patient's serum contains antibodies.

Erythrocytes as they are to do with red blood cells. The other three are to do with white blood cells

Lymphocytes develop in the bone marrow, until they are differentiated into their specific type - T cell, B cell or Natural Killer cell. B cells mature into B lymphocytes in the bone marrow, aided by the hormone interleukin-7. T cells migrate to the thymus, where they mature into, you guessed it, T l ymphocytes, aided by several hormones - interleukin-1, interleukin-4, interleukin-6, thymosin, thymopoietin, and thymulin. I'd be interested to know why you need to know this.

Animals have immune systems for the same reasons humans do, so they don't get sick.