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Industrial Engineering
Industrial Engineering is the branch of engineering that deals with the creation and management of systems that integrate people and materials and energy in productive ways. An industrial engineer studies industrial productivity and makes and implements recommended changes.
2,298 Questions
What is the job of a groyne at the beach?
A groyne is a structure which is built at least partially underwater to inhibit water flow and control the movement of sediment. The purpose of a groin at the beach is either to create more beach or to prevent the erosion of an existing beach.
What is the color code for water lines?
Pipes containing potable (drinkable) water will be colored dark blue. Those carrying settled or clarified water will be colored Agua (lightish blue). Pipes containing raw water (not for drinking) will be colored olive green.
What is the difference between a weldolet and a sockolet?
Weldolet and Sockolet are basically self reinforced fittings. Weldolet is used for Butt weld branch connection where standard tee is not available due to size restrictions and the piping is of critical / high pressure service. Sockolet is used for socket welding branch connection, which require reinforcing pad.
What is interposing voltage transformer?
Interphase transformers are utilized as a part of frameworks that have two rectifier frameworks being utilized as a part of parallel. The requirement for the Interphase Transformer is available in light of the fact that when associating rectifiers in parallel, their immediate voltages vary.
Can step down transformer be used as a step up transformer?
If the transformer has two separate windings, then, YES a step-down can be used as a step-up, and vice-versa.
It is more correct to say you are reversing the high and low sides.
By definition Primary is the "IN" side and Secondary is the "OUT" side.
The Primary could be the high voltage side if it is a step-down,
or it could be the low voltage side, if it is a step-up.
Care must be taken when reversing the operation of a step-down transformer to insure that it does not exceed the ratings of the transformer. For example, let's say we have a 12 VA step-down transformer that takes 120Vac in and is rated to provide 12V at 1 amp at the secondary. If we were to reverse it and apply 12Vac to the new primary (the old secondary), we would have 120Vac at the new secondary, but to keep within the original ratings it could only be loaded to 0.1A @ 120Vac.
As long as you treat the output rating of the step-down transformer as the input rating as a step-up transformer, and don't try to draw current beyond what would normally have been applied to the high voltage primary, you should be fine. Potentially one could push up the voltage on such a transformer beyond what its stated application specified, while making sure not to exceed the power rating of the transformer and not exceeding the breakdown voltage of the transformer's insulation, for example driving the above transformer at 24V to get 0.05A @ 240Vac. It is important to realize though that the rated input voltage for a step-down transformer will likely not be a safe input voltage if you use it as a step-up transformer - for example, applying 120V to the above transformer with the windings reversed would generate 1.2KV!
One important point to remember when reversing a three-phase transformer to a step-up is what kind of windings it has. Most three-phase transformers use a "delta" configuration on the primary side. This means that there are three "hot wires" and a ground, but not a neutral. (The white wire in a circuit). On the secondary side, transformers are usually wired up in a "Wye" (sometimes called a "star" configuration. Doing this allows the transformer to create a Neutral connection. If a step-down transformer is reversed to make it a step-up, the high (output) side will not have a Neutral connection. If one is not needed, say for a three-phase welding machine, this would not be a probem. However, if a Neutral IS needed ,say for lighting, reversing this transformer would not work. In this case, a listed step-up transformer will be needed. One final thing, if a step-down transformer is used as a step-up, a Neutral wire is not required to be connected to the input side.
Pearlite is a layered steel product made from ferrite (iron) and cementite (iron carbide). Pearlite is stronger and lighter than regular steel, but is more prone to cracking.
What do you mean by turbine synchronization?
During a typical power plant startup, all components of the power plant are started slowly. The turbine is first rolled at a slow rpm. Then the rpm is increased gradually to a point where it can match the frequency of the grid. At this point, the turbine can be synchronized with the grid and start outputting electricity into the grid.
What are active and passive transducers?
An example of a passive transducer is differential transformers. The reason why is because passive transducers require an external power supply to operate.
What are the advantages of instrument transformer?
'Instrument transformer' is the collective name for current transformers (CTs) and voltage (or 'potential') transformers (VTs/PTs). These transformers have two functions:
- to reduce the current or voltage in a high-voltage primary circuit to values that may be measured using regular ammeters or voltmeters ('burdens'), or to provide the current or voltage inputs to protection relays.
- to electrically-isolate their secondary burdens from the high-voltage primary circuit for the purpose of safety.
Who invented the clothes washer and dryer?
George T. Sampson on June 7,1892.
How do you know this is a myth you wasn't even born yet,so please don't say its a myth if you don't know the truth,he was problem the last one people assume made the clothes
A Rotameter is a device that measures the flow rate of liquid or gas in a closed tube. It is occasionally misspelled as "rotometer." It belongs to a class of meters called variable area meters, which measure flow rate by allowing the cross-sectional area the fluid travels through to vary, causing some measurable effect.
What is BTU of gasoline in engine?
BTU is an abbreviation for British Thermal Unit. This represents how much heat or energy is required to increase the temperature of 1 lb of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit. Gasoline, on average, creates between 115,000 and 125,000 BTUs. In contrast, ethanol creates about 75,000 BTUs.
What are constraints and criterias?
A constraint "CONSTRAINS" what can be inserted in a field, or what is provided in a result set. As an example you can add a constraint to a field that says whatever data is inserted MUST be 10 characters in length. constraints format the existing system in an elucidating manner by enhancing or modifying the existing rules
What size cable should be used for a 3phase 10kw Air Heater?
To answer this question the voltage of the unit must be given.
What is the maximum pressure schedule 40 galvanized pipe can take?
Need to know the pipe diameter. 3 inch is the diameter of the galvanized pipe what is the working pressure of the pipe
What role does the reducing agent play in a blast furnace?
The reducing agent grabs oxygen or other impurities from the molten metal so making a more refined product
For example, coke reduces ZnO to Zn and Fe2O3 to Fe
What sort of problems do engineers in Industrial Engineering typically work on?
The first link points to a page describing their work in America, the second is for Canada.
What is the difference between a manufacturing and a service economy?
A service economy is based on providing services. For example, backpacking trips, jet ski rental, motorcycle rental, bicycle rental, hotel rental, vacation rentals, boat rentals, jumper rentals, car rentals, game rentals, theme parks. Almost anything you would do on vacation or where someone is providing a service for you: waiting your table, cleaning your hotel room, cleaning your clothing. A manufacturing economy is based on using tools to make a product. China has a huge manufacturing economy right now. They can produce almost any item, from computers to dining room tables. This is a very quick idea to begin discussion about the differences between these economies. Hawaii has a service economy because lots of people go there for vacations. Most of the tourism money comes from service businesses. On the other hand China is making most of their money by producing products in large factories.
What is the strongest steel in the world named?
Titanium?
No titanium isn't a steel, titanium has a very good strength to weight ratio but its not as strong as high strength steel.
Probably the best all around high strength steel, if you count hardness, tensil strength, shear, and yield is englin steel number 5. It has a yield of about 245,000 psi an ultimate strength of around 293,000 psi a harness of 45.6 and an impact of about 75 joules. And its cheaper than exotic alloys, you can build aircraft with the stuff when weight isn't an issue ant it is plenty strong enough. Its also very strong even in high temp unlike titanium.
ERW stands for Electric Resistance welded pipe. A plate rolled to become a pipe and welded using Electric Resistance Welding process. Usully for for high diemeter. (cheapest process avaiable)
ERW tubing or Electric Resistance Welded tubing is not as strong as DOM tubing or Drawn Over Mandrel tubing. Usually when tube is made, it starts off as a flat sheet and this is rolled up into a tube and welded. DOM tubing is usually made the same way but there is an extra process where this tube is drawn through a die along with a mandrel to control the outer and inner diameters of the tube. This extra process strengthens the steel since it is cold formed by up to 20%. Another type of common tubing is Chrome-Moly also known as Chromium / Molybdenum Steel. This type of steel also uses the same process but has these additional elements within the steel alloy which increase strength even more. Chrome-Moly is usually used in tubing for cars and other applications over 3500 lbs.
Motorcycle Frames and ERW Steel Tubing...
Motorcycle frames are made with both ERW tubing and DOM tubing. For small engines with not a tremendous amount of horse power a 1" x 1/8" mild steel ERW tube should be fine. Modern engines with a lot more horsepower as well as stretched frames require at least 1 1/4" x 1/8" wall thickness at a minimum. Bigger choppers even use 1 3/8" x 1/8" walls. More on the overkill side done for design or aesthetics is 1 1/2" tube with 1/8" wall. All applications under 3500 lbs pretty much can get away with using ERW. Roll cages and dune buggies, car frames are almost always made with DOM tubing.
All three, Chrome-Moly, DOM and ERW tubing weigh about the same but it is important to note that Chrome-Moly is the strongest, followed by DOM and finally ERW being the weakest of the three. You can take advantage of this by replacing a larger diameter tube with a smaller diameter tube of stronger material. For example, you can replace a 1 1/2" ERW tube with a 1 1/8" DOM or Chrome-Moly tube.
The advantage here is that you can reduce your frame weight by making such a change. It is very critical to confirm that it is ok to make this kind of change on your frame. Each frame has a different geometry and different loads that will bend and twist the steel in various ways. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) conducted by a qualified engineer can provide you with correct tube diameters and wall thickness that can be replaced for your specific frame design.
ERW has the weld seam on the inside of the tube (see image above). DOM, although made the same way has the additional process of being drawing and the mandrel removes this seam and provides a nice smooth surface on the inside of the tube.
The image and diagram is courtesy of the fabricator.
What is the difference between pure iron and steel?
The difference is percentage of carbon, the main alloy element. Those irons containing less than 2% carbon are known as steels while those containing more than 2% carbon are known as pig iron. Pig iron is obtained from iron ore by processing it with coke in a blast furnace. This pig iron is then further processed to reduce the carbon content in different furnaces to obtain steels. These steels can be then further processed to obtain alloy steels, stainless steels by adding elements such as silicon, manganese, chromium, nickel, etc.
What happens is that the carbon atoms fit into the latticework of the iron atoms, making it more rigid and stronger.
Iron is an element- a pure substance. It rusts (forms iron oxide) on exposure to water and air.
Steel of a mixture of two elements- iron and carbon.
A complex machine is a machine that is made up of two or more simple machines.
Examples:
Pencil sharpener,
Washing machine,
Wheelbarrow
