Intel 8085

Special purpose computers are generally faster and more efficient at certain types of operations than normal computers.

in any of the microprocessor include sequencer that sequencer send control signal to the memory and processor to do specific operation like read or write operation

It provides timing signals.

The term Fan Out is a measure of how many loads a pin can drive. This is usually normalized to the load of a standard TTL input, which is considered to be a Fan In of 1. This is a digital logic term, not necessarily just a microprocessor term.

Fan In and Fan Out are important, because you do not want to exceed the rated load placed on a pin without providing extra buffering.

A macro is a group of repetitive instructions in a program which are codified only once and can be used as many times
as necessary.

The main difference between a macro and a procedure is that in the macro the passage of parameters is possible and in the
procedure it is not, this is only applicable for the MASM - there are other programming languages which do allow it.
At the moment the macro is executed each parameter is substituted by the name or value specified at the time of the call.

We can say then that a procedure is an extension of a determined program, while the macro is a module with specific
functions which can be used by different programs.

Another difference between a macro and a procedure is the way of calling each one, to call a procedure the use of a
directive is required, on the other hand the call of macrosis done as if it were an assembler instruction.
Example of procedure:
For example, if we want a routine which adds two bytes stored in AH and AL each one, and keep the addition in the BX register:


Adding Proc Near ; Declaration of the procedure
Mov Bx, 0 ; Content of the procedure
Mov B1, Ah
Mov Ah, 00
Add Bx, Ax
Ret ; Return directive
Add Endp ; End of procedure declaration

and an example of Macro:

Position MACRO Row, Column
PUSH AX
PUSH BX
PUSH DX
MOV AH, 02H
MOV DH, Row
MOV DL, Column
MOV BH, 0
INT 10H
POP DX
POP BX
POP AX
ENDM

HL is a register pair used to store 16 bit of data in 8085 microprocessor.

1.The excluding interrupts are INT0 & INT1

2.The Timer0 and Timer1 are interrupts are generated by TF0 and TF1

pipelining

Packets per second - In networking, the amount of packets a device can process per second. Packets per second (pps) is a measure of throughput for network devices such as bridges, routers, and switches. It's a reliable measurement only if all packet sizes are the same. Vendors will often rate their equipment based on pps, but make sure comparisons are made using the same packet sizes.

the data bus is only 8 bits wide but most buses today are much wider: 16, 32, 64, or 128 bits wide.

This is due to the fact that 16bits would only address 64KB of memory, which even then was very little.

The answer for this was to come up with an extra 4 bits to address the total 1MB, this is done trough segmentation of the memory. Google it.

Yes and no. You can use it as a general purpose register, but if you do that, you will lose the ability to perform arithmetic and logical computations and comparisons that would normally use the accumulator.

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Special restart instruction used with interrupts

Baud rate

computer speed

processor achivement

1 machine cycle for opcode fetch 2nd n 3rd are idle machine cycles as microprocessor is 8 bit therefore it cant perform 16 bit additon in one cycle !!

Bidirestional

if its a v-8 it is 1-8-4-3-6-5-7-2 distributor turns clockwise

The 8086 has 16 data bus lines and 20 address bus lines because that is how Intel designed it. They wanted a processor that was more powerful than the 8085, which has an 8 bit data bus and a 16 bit data bus, so they increased both bus sizes accordingly.

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Pin Description

1 Reset

2 Ground

3 Data Bit 7

4 Data Bit 8

6 Data Bit 9

7 Data Bit 5

8 Data Bit 10

9 Data Bit 4

10 Data Bit 11

11 Data Bit 3

12 Data Bit 12

13 Data Bit 2

14 Data Bit 13

15 Data Bit 1

16 Data Bit 14

17 Data Bit 0

18 Data Bit 15

19 Ground

20 Cable Key (pin missing)

21 DRQ 3

22 Ground

23 -IOW

24 Ground

25 -IOR

26 Ground

27 I/O Channel Ready

28 SPSYNC: Cable Select

29 -DACK 3

30 Ground

31 RQ 14

32 -IOCS 16

33 Address Bit 1

34 -PDIAG

35 Address Bit 0

36 Address Bit 2

37 -CS1FX

38 -CS3FX

39 -DA/SP

40 Ground

41 +5 Volts (Logic) (Optional)

42 +5 Volts (Motor) (Optional)

43 Ground (Optional)

44 -Type (Optional)

+5v supply is alone needed for Intel 8085 Microprocessor

Bit rate = 8 / (16 * 10-9) bits/second

BHE is used to enable the high order bus so as to differentiate between a word operation and a byte operation.