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Linux

A free and open-source family of operating systems first started in 1991 and named after its creator, Linus Torvalds.

2,239 Questions

What is the conceptual difference between the lp and lpr commands in Unix?

lpr is the off-line printer...

lp is just a frontend to the lpr. (that is in FreeBSD, maybe is the same in Sun Solaris), out put from man lp(1):

LP(1) FreeBSD General Commands Manual LP(1)

NAME

lp -- front-end to the print spooler

SYNOPSIS

lp [ -cs ] [ -o option ] [ -dprinter ] [ -n num ] [ name ... ]

DESCRIPTION

The lp utility is a front-end to the print spooler as required by the

IEEE Std 1003.2 (``POSIX.2'') specification. It effectively invokes

lpr(1) with the proper set of arguments.

How you redirect the output of the perl script into some file using perl script?

If the perl script outputs to the standard output device, use the I/O redirection operators (>, >>, |) to redirect it somewhere else.

Why is Linux referred to as open-source software?

Linux is referred to as "open-source" precisely because it is. Open-source is the ability for anyone to view the code necessary to make the program. The Linux kernel, and most of the programs that are available for it, have their source code available, under a variety of licenses.

What special permission should be set on public directories to prevent users from deleting files that others users have contributed?

In UNIX, this is the "sticky bit"... if set on a directory, only the owner of the directory, the owner of the individual file, and the superuser are allowed to delete files created in that directory. If not set, anyone with write permission on the directory can delete or rename files in it.

How can you check the version of kernel you are currently running and upgrade the kernel?

These are separate and unrelated tasks. To check the version of the running kernel in Linux, use the command uname -r. To upgrade the kernel, either use your distro's package manager (if any) to update the system, or download and compile the Linux kernel source.

How can you find orphan process on Solaris?

If processes run on nodes that have derailed so to speak or the tm.watched yk has been activated, the process is considered orphaned. The watch deamons are set to kill the orphan process on default.

What program allows programs to run and can be changed and accessed at any point?

I am assuming the question here is "what enables multitasking?"

That would be the kernel. The kernel has a component called the "process scheduler" which decides what program gets how much time on the CPU and, in the case of SMP, which core.

A CPU core can only run one process at a time. While multiple cores may enable a CPU to run more than one process at a time, a single core can still only do one thing at a time. One of the jobs of the kernel is to use interrupts to preempt a running process to decide what should run on a core next.

This usually happens under two conditions:

1. A process exhausts its timeslice or,

2. Most commonly, a process makes a system call, usually for I/O, which causes the process to preempt itself for system services.

This all happens so fast the user shouldn't notice it. What looks like 8-9 desktop applications running simultaneously on your desktop is actually processes taking turns very quickly on using the CPU.

What is a PID?

A proportional-integral-derivative controller (PID controller) is a generic control loop feedback mechanism widely used in industrial control systems. A PID controller attempts to correct the error between a measured process variable and a desired setpoint by calculating and then outputting a corrective action that can adjust the process accordingly.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PID_controller

What does mget in FTP do?

get in ftp will fetch only single file whereas with mget you can get multiple files.

use wild char along with mget to transfer multiple files

Examples

ftp> mget *ftp> mget *.jpgftp> mget *.doc *.xls *.ppt

What is the best OS in the world?

Because users nowadays have different requirements of their computers, different OSs appeal to different users.... each OS has its strong points and weak points.

A lot of what influences a user is not so much the OS itself, but how their favourite applications interact with the OS - if they are even available for it. Many applications designed for MacOS doen't run pn Windows, and vice-versa.

So, for every 100 users you ask you will get a different proportion of answers.

Ask 100 Graphic Designers and you'll get a preponderance of Mac fans

Ask 100 Nerds and you'll probably be told Linux as it is open-source

Ask 100 Accountants and you'll probably be told Windows

Why is it important to configure and enable iptables on your fedora Linux server?

Because if you don't, the internet will not work properly. "iptables" is the method used to configure the built-in firewall in the Linux kernel.

Where can you get source code of Linux?

The source code for the Linux kernel is hosted at kernel.org.

How do you install Puppy Linux?

You can install Puppy linux by typing "install" when it asks how it should be booted. from there you have options from installing it to LiveUSB, HDD, and many more options.

Note: if you choose to install Puppy linux on Compact Flash, make sure a Partition has been created.

What is GRUB error 15?

GRUB error 15 is caused by the specified kernel or initrd not existing at the specified location. For instance, if the entry tries to load linux-2.6.22-18, but only linux-2.6.22-16 is present, Linux will not boot.

What is the Meaning of dot and double dot?

The '.' refers to the current directory that you are working in, and the '..' refers to its parent (i.e. the directory just above the one you are now in).

How do you swap two variables using a third variable?

Let us take a=40,b=50.Now after swapping,we should get the output as a=50,b=40.

main()

{

int a=40,b=50;

a=a+b;

b=a-b;

a=a-b;

printf("a=%d,b=%d",a,b);

}

What command can you use to determine whether you are using a 32-bit or a 64-bit version of Linux?

Usually, 'uname -m' will return the name of the architecture you are using. Depending on the distribution, however, it may print the highest ISA that your processor supports, not necessarily the one you actually have installed (ie. if you run the 32-bit version, like "i386", it will return "x86_64").

If the system is a 64-bit system, uname should return one of the following:

  • x86_64
  • ppc64
  • sparc64
  • ia64
  • alpha
  • parisc64

Other results are 32-bit.

What does the letters su stand for in a command?

switch user = su

$ su

above command will change the user to root

$su johndoe

above command will change the user to johndoe

How do you install Linux on a PlayStation 3?

There are several Linux distros that can be installed on a PlayStation 3, including Ubuntu, Fedora, Debian, Gentoo, OpenSUSE, and Yellow Dog Linux. Each of these distros have slightly different methods of installation, and a single question could not adequately explain the intricacies of installing all of them. Below are related questions that deal with a specific distro.

If you update to the newest firmware V3.21 you are no longer allowed to install another operating system on the PS3.