Machine Tools

howitzers were made in the early 17th century

The function of the dividing or indexing head is to equally space the required amount of grooves to be cut into a component. An example would be a gear or a shaft with a spline at the end. It can also be used for high precision drilling of holes. cutting hexagons or other shapes, etc. With the right attachments a dividing head can be connected to a universal milling machine's table screw, enabling it to rotate as the table moves along its sideways axis. This is useful for helical grooving of which a drill bit or helical gear are examples.

An almost similar device to a dividing head is a rotary table.

conventional milling is the preferred method on the machines we use. This means that the depth of cut is applied when the tool is nearer to you with the work piece furthest away, with the tool turning clock wise this means that the tool is working against the material when the work is wound towards you in say the y axis, climb milling is normally used in CNC conditions, but if attempted on a manual mill there is a tendency for the work to be 'pulled through' by the motion of the cutter if the depth of cut is applied with the work closest to you and the tool furthest away

Because the actual resistor is too small to print numbers, so color bands and math are used instead. I just don't know how to calculate the values.

Benefits. . High production piece. Accuracy. Production speed.

Constraints .. Long-term planning. Expensive CNC machine

CNC's are programmed by a cnc programmer, who uses a machining print to determine X,Y, and Z, coordinates for each cutting tool inside the CNC to move to. This causes, the part that is load to be cut, drilled, tapped, bored, counter bored, chamfered, etc.

== == Carbide generally describes a group of materials characterized by high hardness and metallic properties. Carbide cutting tool can cut a material which is having 60 HRC steel. Find the below link to know more about carbide cutting tools. www.ceratizit.com Rasheed.

A 'pillar drill' or vertical drill press is a large drilling machine that stands on a very heavy steel base. A 3" or 4" steel column extends up either about 6 feet for a floor model or 3 for a bench model. At the top of this column is an elongated box with the motor at the back, driving a shaft with a 4 tier pulley above it. The front of the box contains a hollow shaft with a spindle inside it. The spindle also has a 4 tier pulley on top. The hollow shaft can be wound up and down by the side control lever, l

owering or raising the drill shaft and chuck, A belt between the 2 pulleys in the box drives the spindle and the chuck connected to it's lower end. In the middle of the column, a table, usually about 15 " square can move up and down the column to adjust work height

China manufactures Masterforce.

Cutting tools for facing and outside diameter turning are set to an angle of 90 degrees to the bed. Boring tools are set to the same angle as the bed.

Cutting tool tips are already angled to suit its purpose and there's usually no need for further adjustment. They can be set against the inside of the toolpost and fastened.

use rotating members to compress and increase the pressure of the air.

It is the idle time when no cutting is taking place. The bigger picture is , to take the total idle time and express it as a percentage of the cycle time. The idea is to get this percentage as small as possible. It is use full on multi slide or multi turret machines where the cutting of two tools can overlap and so reduce chip to chip time. The programmer determines the chip to chip time . The smaller the chip to chip time the smarter the programmer. Efficiency and productivity improves

A center lathe can be used for machining, manufacturing or modifying parts and components from most metals, some plastics or even some fiber compound materials. The versatility of a lathe is extensive.

Lathes cut the outside diameters of the workpiece or component, cuts the faces and bore, can cut most types of threads, grooves for o'rings and v-belts, knurl surfaces, part or cut off. All these functions can be achieved with high precision.

Lathes also do the primary machining of a workpiece which would then have multiple spline cut for a gear, key way for a shaft, etc. on machines like milling machines, slotting machines, gear shapers.

They both have; spindles, bedways, automatic feeds, work holding equipment, although these vary between machines, both can use digital readout, coolant supply, both have heads - where the gears and spindle are housed. I'm certain I've miss out loads but i would be here forever.

Lathe is power driven machine,which is used for many operation such as reduction in length,dia and enables threading,surface finishing operations etc which are the basic operations to be carried out for the component.

You can cut patterns to size and arrange them on the material to be cut. CAD programs perform this operation and are used on LASER, PLASMA, WATER CUTTING and punch machines. Most companies here in the U.S. use CAD.

The D-code on a CNC is used for the tool diameter offset number. This number is programmed in to CNC and basically tells it where the tip of a specific cutting tool is located.

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The hollow spindle of a lathe allows for longer lengths of material to be held in the chuck thus eliminating constant material changing to and from the lathe in production turning. The best advantage is the saving in material costs. If one had to manufacture 20 bushings and they were all cut into separate billets, half of the material would be lost because the chuck needs some material to grip the work piece on.

If for example 20 bushings of 50mm OD by 50mm long have to be made, one would need a piece of material of at least 1150mm long. A single shaft or hollow bar of this length can usually be stuck into the hollow spindle with only enough material sticking out to make one or two bushings at a time. Once they are parted off, the material can simply be pulled out and the next one or two bushings can be machined. In the end the wastage will only be a piece of material of 70mm long instead of 20 pieces of 40 or 50mm long without a hollow spindle.

There are a number of different types of lathe. We usually separate them out by whether they are for wood or metal (and other stuff like plastic). The things is, they all do essentially the same thing: they turn a workpiece between two centers and allow the user to apply a tool to remove material from the rotating mass of "stuff" being worked, or, as is said by those involved, turned. The earliest lathes did thi - turned the work so a tool could be used on that material. And we do it pretty much the same way today. The metal lathe most often has a chuck on the headstock (the driven end) in which work can be clamped, and this affords an "open end" on the material so it doesn't have to be supported at the "tail end" of the lathe to work the material. (You aren't turning between centers.) A number of metal lathes are computer controlled (the so-called computer numeric controlled or CNC machines), and they can do a lot of things very quickly and with a high degree of accuracy. And all if it is repeatable. Need some pistons made for your engine? We can do that. Many wood lathes have a faceplate attachment that a wood turner can affix a chunk of wood to so he can turn, say, a bowl. That way the wood can be supported on just the one end and the bowl can be hollowed out. There are lots of wood turners out there, and they make some fabulous stuff. We often say, "I'm turning (something) on a lathe." It could be a wooden bowl to mix pie dough in or a rolling pin for rolling out that pie dough. Certainly it could be any one of a zillion machined parts for aircraft or automotive applications, or just about anything else. There are a lot of things we use every day that have been turned on a lathe, though many of them may not be where we can see them, like a number of engine parts in a car. The largest part of the lathe (almost always) is the bed of the machine. It is the "frame" onto which the headstock and the tailstock are fastened. The headstock has in it the rotating (driven) spindle on which a chuck or faceplate can be fastened. On the bed, the top of it is generally machined to create the ways on which the tool rest or (in the case of a metal lathe) the carriage(with its cross slide and tool post) can sit and move precisely along the length of the bed. There are some other parts and a host of attachments to the lathe. Pictures may very well help you see things. Links are provided to the Wikipedia articles on the lathes, and a link is provided to some "lathe" video clips put up on YouTube. There are a lot(!) of short posts there on lathe work. Check a few out.