Management and Supervision

it contributes towards society by creating employment opportunities to the member of that particular society

increases the standard of living of people by that purchasing power of the people increases there by economic development..

competitive advantage...

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1. project life cycle has been shortened due to high-tech industries.

2. knowledge growth or explosion

3. corporate downsizing

4. increased customer focus.

the effects of these forces are as follows

All types of people can make good project managers in different situations. Detail oriented people, creative people and analytical people all add their own personalities, strengths and weaknesses to projects.

The accounting estimate is a financial approximation. This approximation is used for financial statements to make financial statements more accurate with their crediting and debiting.

stakeholders like

# Investors

# Share holders # Bord of directors # lenders # banks

# And different Stake Holders Are the users of the B/S, P & L accounts

they have to keep up with your credits and finanicail aids

MIS stands for Management Information Systems. These include all the systems that can be used to organize, store and distribute data over a great audience using computers, databases and other libraries. They assist the company to perform work more efficiently.

When someone thinks of a plan to grow the companies wealth or product distribution or concept, thy just smoke some weed and gain the vision.

The account number is 12 digits.

What effects marketing stratges

Sales plays an important role for completing the final process of marketing. Sales reinforces the marketing message and the product value. Maintaining a good sales team is vital to company profits however maintaining a marketing team is important to bring in leads for your sales team. In business there is never a truly safer route, it requires risk.

Purchasing sales leads can be beneficial, however cold calling prospects can be risky and more intrusive than advertising. Good inbound sales leads can really make a good investment with less risk than an outbound campaign however can also be pricier.

Short term financing it has a repayment schedules of less than 1 year,while Long term financing matures in 10 years or longer.

Short term financing is a loan or credit facility with a maturity of 1 year or less,while Long term financing, where liabilities (plus interest) would not be due within 1 year.

The role of purchasing in material management is to make sure there is enough material so that production continues smoothly. Another role is to fund the materials at the lowest price possible.

Check www.cogmap.com/chart/wal-mart-stores

The job (role) of a project manager is extremely challenging and thereby exciting. Depending on the organizational structure of your organization, you may be reporting to a functional manager, a program manager, a portfolio manager, or to some other manager or executive. Nevertheless, it is your responsibility to work with your team and other relevant individuals and groups, such as program managers and portfolio managers, to bring all the pieces together and make the project happen i.e., to achieve the project objectives.

To do this, you need a range of skills and capabilities. They are:

1. Communication

2. Negotiation

3. Problem Solving

4. Influencing

5. Leadership

The critical path is that series of activities determining the earliest completion of the project.

I've added a link in the related section where you can check an example (since such an example requires a small chart in order to understand it).

The critical path helps you in determining how to accelerate your project by compressing tasks. Putting more people on critical path tasks and finishing it earlier will shorten the duration of the project (this is called crashing).

The sharing of information among different structural levels within a business. Diagonal communication offers employees the opportunity to communicate effectively with the organizational hierarchy.

Reengineering has some really beneficial things. It tries to internalize and externalize all operations towards the facilitation of the customer and market. It can help in the rapid transformation needed "behind the scenes" or processes and/or systems. Reengineering aims for dramatic improvements in critical measures of performance such as cost, quality, service and speed. It offers something of lasting value because it is the first management concept to emphasize the redesigning of both the organization and jobs in light of environmental and technological changes. Reengineering is important because it looks at job design as the building block to organization design

Strategy implementation is considered the most difficult state in strategic management because it involves change

In order to implement, it is essential that all support given by managers and the workforce when this happens, only then can implementation be possible. Hence, as long as the change is not receptive, implementation cannot take place. Therefore, more time is needed to induce the idea of change and this makes it as the most difficult aspects of Strategic Management. (by Ritz).

EVM is a technique to monitor/track projects. EVM has 2 important index statistics: CPI and SPI.

CPI is the cost performance index, and if it's >= 1 it means that the project is OK with the budget, if it's < 1, it means that the project is over-budget.

SPI is the schedule performance index, and if it's >=1 it means that the project is on schedule or ahead of schedule, if it < 1, it means that the project is behind schedule.

The job (role) of a project manager is extremely challenging and thereby exciting. Depending on the organizational structure of your organization, you may be reporting to a functional manager, a program manager, a portfolio manager, or to some other manager or executive. Nevertheless, it is your responsibility to work with your team and other relevant individuals and groups, such as program managers and portfolio managers, to bring all the pieces together and make the project happen i.e., to achieve the project objectives.

To do this, you need a range of skills and capabilities. They are:

1. Communication

2. Negotiation

3. Problem Solving

4. Influencing

5. Leadership

Ø Planning: The success of any business depends upon the proper planning. Planning also involves foreseeing the problem of arranging adequate funds or resources to implement the various plans. It can render valuable information as to what should be the cheapest source in terms of cost involved.

Ø Organizing: By following various techniques of it, each department of the organization can be examined separately. It helps the management in performing this function by assigning specific responsibilities to different people.

Ø Controlling: Management Accounting helps the managements in controlling the performance of the business. The actual results are compared to plan objectives. Budgetary control, cost variance, and interpretation of financial statements are helpful in this direction.

Ø Decision making: Decision-making is a very important function of management among all the functions of the management, It can be very helpful in this regard. Under this function, to management finds various alternatives, which should yield maximum profit. Marginal Costing, Break-even analysis etc. can help to the managements in this regard.

Ø Time saving: It is concerned with the analysis and interpretation of financial statements. It selects only that information, which is useful to managements and hence save the time of the managements.

Standard(s) are the recommended status for the community or country.

Policy are rules and should be followed by the community or country.

It might help to think of them in terms of automobile speed limits.

The policy (or law) might say that drivers must adhere to posted speed limits. This is enforceable and you will be penalized if you are caught disobeying them. A standard (a clarification of the policy/law) would state that the speed limit is 65 mph on major highways, 25 mph through residential areas, and speed limits are posted on white rectangular signs with black lettering.

A guideline might say that dangerous curves have recommended speed limits posted on yellow diagonal signs with black lettering. These are strong suggestions, but you will not be ticketed if you exceed them.