Management and Supervision

Because, in case of procurements, the work is done by a third party supplier and hence, proper management is extremely important if you want the work to be completed on time and in good quality

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Computer Skills Technology changes so rapidly it is often difficult to keep up with the changes. It is necessary for managers to have computer skills in order to keep up with these rapid changes. Many of the processes that occur in offices, manufacturing plants, warehouses, and other work environments depend on computers and thus http://www.answers.com/topic/necessitate managers and workers who can skillfully use the technology. Although computers can cause headaches, at the same time they have simplified many of the tasks that are performed in the http://www.answers.com/topic/workplace. Time-Management Skills Because the typical manager is a very busy person, it is important that time be managed effectively. This requires an understanding of how to allocate time to different projects and activities. A manager's time is often interrupted by telephone calls, problems with workers, meetings, others who just want to visit, and other seemingly http://www.answers.com/topic/uncontrollable factors. It is up to the manager to learn how to manage time so that work can be completed most efficiently. Good time-management skills can be learned, but managers must be willing to http://www.answers.com/topic/prioritize activities, delegate, deal with interruptions, organize work, and perform other acts that will make them better managers. Technical Skills Different from computer skills, technical skills are more closely related to the tasks that are performed by workers. A manager must know what the workers who are being supervised are doing on their jobs or assistance cannot be provided to them. For example, a manager who is supervising accountants needs to know the accounting processes; a manager who is supervising a http://www.answers.com/topic/machinist must know how to operate the equipment; and a manager who supervises the construction of a home must know the sequence of operations and how to perform them. Management ThoughtThere are many views of management, or schools of management thought, that have evolved over the years. What follows is a brief discussion of some of the theories of management that have greatly affected how managers manage today. Classical Thought The classical school of management thought emerged throughout the late 1800s and early 1900s as a result of the Industrial Revolution. Since the beginning of time, managers have needed to know how to perform the functions discussed earlier. The Industrial Revolution emphasized the importance of better management as organizations grew larger and more complex. As industry developed, managers had to develop systems for controlling inventory, production, scheduling, and human resources. It was the managers who emerged during the Industrial Revolution, many who had backgrounds in engineering, who discovered that they needed organized methods in order to find solutions to problems in the workplace. Classical management theorists thought there was one way to solve management problems in the industrial organization. Generally, their theories assumed that people could make logical and rational decisions while trying to maximize personal gains from their work situations. The classical school of management is based on scientific management which has its roots in Henri Fayol's work in France and the ideas of German sociologist Max Weber. Scientific management is a type of management that bases standards upon facts. The facts are gathered by observation, experimentation, or sound reasoning. In the United States, scientific management was further developed by individuals such as Charles Babbage (1792-1871), Frederick W. Taylor (1856-1915), and Frank (1868-1924) and Lillian (1878-1972) Gilbreth. Behavioral Management Thought It was because the classical management theorists were so machine-oriented that the behavioralists began to develop their thinking. The behavioral managers began to view management from a social and psychological perspective. These managers were concerned about the well-being of the workers and wanted them to be treated as people, not a part of the machines. Some of the early behavioral theorists were Robert Owen (1771-1858), a British industrialist who was one of the first to promote management of human resources in an organization; Hugo Munsterberg(1863-1916), the father of industrial psychology; Walter Dill Scott (1869-1955), who believed that managers need to improve workers' attitudes and motivation in order to increase productivity; and Mary Parker Follett (1868-1933), who believed that a manager's influence should come naturally from his or her knowledge, skill, and leadership of others. In the behavioral management period, there was a human relations movement. Advocates of the human relations movement believed that if managers focused on employees rather than on http://www.answers.com/topic/mechanistic production, then workers would become more satisfied and thus more productive laborers. Human relations management supported the notion that managers should be paternalistic and nurturing in order to build work groups that could be productive and satisfied. The behavioral science movement was also an important part of the behavioral management school. Advocates of this movement stressed the need for scientific studies of the human element of organizations. This model for management emphasized the need for employees to grow and develop in order to maintain a high level of self-respect and remain productive workers. The earliest advocates of the behavioral science movement were Abraham Maslow (1908-1970), who developed Maslow's hierarchy of needs, and Douglas McGregor (1906-1964), who developed Theory X and Theory Y. These theories are discussed in depth in other articles. Contemporary Management Thought In more recent years, new management thoughts have emerged and influenced organizations. One of these is the sociotechnical system. A system is a set of http://www.answers.com/topic/complementary elements that function as a unit for a specific purpose. Systems theorists believe that all parts of the organization must be related and that managers from each part must work together for the benefit of the organization. Because of this relationship, what happens in one part of the organization influences and affects other parts of the organization.

Decision making is indeed an intellectual process that involves various cognitive functions and mental activities. Here's an explanation of why decision making is considered an intellectual process:

1. Information Gathering: During decision making, individuals engage in information gathering to collect relevant data, facts, and insights about the situation or problem at hand. This requires intellectual abilities such as researching, analyzing, and comprehending information from various sources.

2. Analysis and Evaluation: Once the information is gathered, individuals need to analyze and evaluate it to understand the implications, identify patterns, and assess the potential outcomes of different choices. This involves critical thinking, logical reasoning, and intellectual skills to weigh the pros and cons and make sound judgments.

3. Problem Solving: Decision making often involves solving complex problems or addressing challenging situations. Individuals need to apply their intellectual capabilities to identify the root causes, generate creative solutions, and evaluate their feasibility. Problem-solving skills rely heavily on intellectual abilities such as conceptual thinking, pattern recognition, and analytical reasoning.

4. Mental Simulation: In the decision-making process, individuals mentally simulate the potential consequences and outcomes of their choices. They visualize scenarios, consider different perspectives, and imagine future possibilities. This mental simulation requires imaginative thinking, mental flexibility, and intellectual foresight.

5. Prioritization and Trade-offs: Decision making involves making choices and prioritizing options based on their relative importance and value. Individuals need to consider trade-offs, allocate resources, and balance competing interests. This requires intellectual abilities to assess the significance of different factors, make value judgments, and allocate resources effectively.

6. Reflection and Learning: After making decisions, individuals reflect on the outcomes and learn from their experiences. They evaluate the effectiveness of their decisions, identify areas for improvement, and adapt their approach accordingly. This reflective process involves intellectual self-awareness, introspection, and the ability to draw lessons from past decisions.

Overall, decision making is an intellectual process as it involves information gathering, analysis, problem-solving, mental simulation, prioritization, reflection, and learning. It relies on cognitive functions, critical thinking, reasoning abilities, and other intellectual capacities to navigate complexities, make choices, and achieve desired outcomes.

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1. Man - Man in management is referred as a human resource.Even in the automated world no organization can flourish without human resource.For instance a aviation Industry may have automated aircraft still it needs flight crew to cater & assist the needs of their boarded air travelers.In terms of management recruitment ,selection ,training promotion ,grievances handling.payment of compensation gratuity ,termination of services are the few issues that have to be dealt effectively to retain the talent within an organization.

2. Material- Material is a basic ingredient in management be it a service industry or a product industry.Most of the industries locate them self nearby to the availability of material.For instance a mineral water factories In India are mostly located in the Himalaya where a fresh source of water ,which is also a raw material to these companies are available.Similarly services industries such as banking Insurance Hair Dressing Saloons etc. are located near its existing and prospective clients. Perishable products such as dairy products locate themselves where well connected transportation and distribution facilities are available.

3. Machine -Machine are the basic tools to produce goods or to generate services.Selection of an appropriate machine not only enhances efficiency but also saves times and increases revenue.Tailoring the requirement of the organization,Selections of a right technical machine and equipment,availability of spare parts, evaluation of after sales services,substitutes and technology and the organization budget are the crucial criteria while purchasing a machine.Maintenance and overhauling issues along with its life span also cannot be overlooked.In service Industry Technology matters a lot these days we are having Computers & peripherals as a major machine to serve the service clients.

4. Money- Money issue in management involves right from where an enterprise is established and the owner brings money in the business.Various long term and short term sources of finances are determined ,Loans and advances are taken management is done to meet day to day business requirements and the funds involved in meeting those requirements are known as working capital.Investments in assets patents are done and proposals are screened according to the pay back period. In payback period only those investments are preferred which returns the invested money in less time span.Similarly there are other criteria of evaluating investments such is Internal Rate of Return where only those investments are selected which has higher returns. Similarly proposals are also screened on the basis of Net present Value which asserts that a value of a rupee will worth a penny tomorrow.

5. Method-Every thing has a right way to do and this right way is known as a Method in management .In short it means an art of doing.A set of procedures and instructions is known as a method.For instance to obtain a credit card a customer follows a following series of steps filling a credit card application ,attaching required documents and submitting to a bank representative.while processing the credit card application The form filled by the a customer is checked.Documents are verified and customer verification is done . credit card is dispatched by generating pin to a courier company for the final delivery to the customer and records are maintained.All these standard procedures are known as method in management.

A female manager can have any name, just like anyone else. There is no specific name that is used exclusively for female managers. Female managers can have names that are traditionally considered feminine, such as Sarah or Emily, or they can have gender-neutral names such as Taylor or Jordan. Ultimately, a manager's name has no bearing on their ability to effectively lead a team or manage a project.

The BCG matrix (Boston Consulting Group matrix) offers advantages like providing a simple visual framework to analyze a product portfolio, highlighting where to allocate resources based on market share and growth rate, but its main disadvantages include oversimplification by considering only two factors, potentially neglecting other important aspects of profitability, and not providing specific strategic actions to take based on the analysis.

Advantages of BCG Matrix:

Easy to understand and use:

The simple four-quadrant structure makes it accessible for managers at all levels to quickly grasp the relative position of products within a portfolio.

Visual representation:

The matrix allows for a clear visual depiction of a company's product portfolio, highlighting strengths and weaknesses.

Resource allocation guidance:

Helps identify which products require more investment (Stars), which can generate cash to fund growth (Cash Cows), and which may need to be divested (Dogs).

Market share focus:

Emphasizes the importance of maintaining and increasing market share as a key driver of profitability.

Strategic planning tool:

Provides a starting point for discussing and developing strategic decisions regarding product portfolio management.

Disadvantages of BCG Matrix:

Oversimplification:

Only considering market share and market growth rate may not capture the full picture of a product's profitability, ignoring factors like competitive landscape, product differentiation, and synergy between products.

Limited strategic insight:

Does not provide specific actions or strategies to address issues identified in the matrix.

Subjectivity in definition:

Defining market boundaries and market growth rates can be subjective and prone to interpretation issues.

Static analysis:

Does not account for market dynamics and potential changes in market growth over time.

Ignores other factors:

Fails to consider factors like customer loyalty, brand image, and technological advancements which can impact a product's success.

factor affecting goal congruence as follows:

1. organizational effectiveness

2. productivity

3. organizational leadership

4. morale

5. organizational efficiency

6. organizational stability

7. organizational reputation

--Harnish patel

a. relationship between IMC processes and marketing strategy in profit and not-for-profit organizations.

Neoclassical management was the shifting away from the early classical management style to one looking at the human side of an organization and the social needs of employees. It was based on the idea that the role of management is to determine how to use employees to get things done in organizations. There were two movements in neoclassical management - the human relations movement and the behavioral movement.

First step pyramid built.

• The first step pyramid...

The first step pyramid was built in ancient Egypt and is known as the Pyramid of Djoser. It was constructed during the Third Dynasty, under the reign of King Djoser, who ruled from around 2670 BCE to 2650 BCE.

The Pyramid of Djoser is located in Saqqara, a necropolis near the ancient city of Memphis. It was designed by the architect Imhotep, who is considered one of the most important figures in ancient Egyptian history. The pyramid originally stood at around 62 meters (204 feet) tall and was surrounded by a complex of buildings and courtyards.

What sets the Pyramid of Djoser apart from earlier tombs and mastabas is its innovative design. Instead of being a simple rectangular structure, the pyramid is made up of six distinct levels, each one smaller than the one below it. This gives the pyramid a step-like appearance and makes it the first example of this type of architecture.

• The construction of the Pyramid of Djoser was a significant achievement for its time and served as a model for future pyramids, including the famous Great Pyramids at Giza. The pyramid was originally covered in white limestone, which would have made it gleam in the sunlight. While much of this limestone has been stripped away over the centuries, the pyramid is still an impressive sight and attracts visitors from all over the world.

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The three tests for an effective strategy are: external, internal, and dynamic consistency.

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importance of dempgraphy in business and commerce

First brand manager should understand his duty because to promote the brand in the market it should be in better manner as well as manager of brand his primary duty to create the awareness of his brand we will see all the function of brand manager step by step these all are below

1.Brand manager have to know very well about his product because the entire structure of product should well and every thing of wright from manufacturing to finished goods.

2.Brand manager use the marketing mix tools according to product advertising also enhance the awareness of the brand

3. The log of the brand and name,design,tag line these all should be proper

4.At the time brand buliding manager should keept in the mind that persanality of the brand,image of the brand should be well non

5.Manager should promise to his audiance and provide quality asurance to customer.

6.Manager can create good image of the organization in frant of the sociaty

7.Manager should bulid those brand which reflacte the organization value and image.

8.Also evalute the brand which is going well.

9.The colours and packaging ,imgage,quality all these thing should be atractive

10.Manager alwayes make new policy for developing the brand.

I feel I am the best candidate for this job because I have been performing at this level for the past few years. with my training, experience and situations I am the best suited for these positions.

I am initiative, enthusiastic and a fast learner. I am a responsible person and easy to get along with others. I am sure any employer would like these qualities which are my strengths and I would be appreciated if i conducted myself according to them.

well, i m a very hard working person , willing to learn new things, i love my work for then

I love myself and can make impossible things possible through hard work and effort. I have positive attitude towards my work and my life.

Therefore, You should hire me because I'm the best person for the job. I realize that there are likely other candidates who also have the ability to do this job. Yet I bring an additional quality that makes me the best person for the job my passion for excellence. I am passionately committed to producing truly world class results. For example . . ."

The middle management consists of the deputy heads of departments and the sectional officers. Some of their functions include: participating in decision making, motivating supervisory personnel and compiling and issuing detailed instructions regarding business operations.

Needs are basic requirements that are necessary for survival, such as food, shelter, and clothing. Wants are non-essential items that people desire but do not need for survival.

Here are some examples of needs:

Food, water, and clothing to stay nourished and protected from the elements

A place to live, such as a house or apartment

Health care and medical treatment to maintain good physical and mental health

Education and training to acquire the knowledge and skills necessary to succeed in life

Here are some examples of wants:

Luxury items, such as designer clothes and expensive jewelry

Recreational activities, such as vacations and hobbies

Entertainment, such as movies, concerts, and sporting events

Electronic devices, such as smartphones and laptops

Use this Needs are basic requirements that are necessary for survival, such as food, shelter, and clothing. Wants are non-essential items that people desire but do not need for survival.

Here are some examples of needs:

Food, water, and clothing to stay nourished and protected from the elements

A place to live, such as a house or apartment

Health care and medical treatment to maintain good physical and mental health

Education and training to acquire the knowledge and skills necessary to succeed in life.

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Here are some examples of

Luxury items, such as designer clothes and expensive

Recreational activities, such as vacations and

Entertainment, such as movies, concerts, and sporting

planing

According to me, in styling yorluesf, your individuality matters, so, one should follow one's own instincts, and should be comfortable in whatever one wears. One should carry herself with right attitude, never overdo with accessories or makeup and try to keep it simple and classy.

Depends on the person.

A customer is a person who buys things in a shop or orders meal in a fast food restaurant.