Mathematical Constants

centi comes from the Latin word for 100. In the metric system it means 1/100, as the Latin prefixes mean reciprocal multipliers [1/10, 1/100, 1/1000, etc], and Greek prefixes are the 'normal' multipliers [10, 100, 1000, etc.]

g, the force of the Earth's gravitational attraction, is not a constant.

No, light in a medium will travel at a slower speed.

Yes, that would be the case.

Mercury has an atomic mass of 200.

We will call the golden ratio, 1.618033989:1, G. G2-1=G; 1/G+1=G; (1+G)/G=G; For more, research golden ratio on wikipedia.

You measure the gravitational force between two objects - this can be done with a Cavendish balance. Then you plug in the numbers (masses, and force) into the universal formula for gravitation.

Magnesium phosphate comes in a variety of forms - depending on the degree of hydration. The dehydrate has a mass of 262.855 grams per mole.

8i and -8i both satisfy this: (8i)² = (8²)(i²) = (64)(-1) = -64, and

(-8i)² = (-8²)(i²) = (64)(-1) = -64

The average atomic mass of an element is the average of the atomic masses of its isotopes (that is a weighted average). You have to take into account the abundance of each isotope when they do your averaging.

Charles-Augustin de Coulomb made use of the experimentation of Robert Hooke and his discovery of Hooke's Law in order to derive Coulomb's Law. In 1777, Coulomb invented and made use of the torsion balance, or the torsion pendulum, to measure electrostatic forces. The torsion balance is made from a bar suspended from its center by a thin fiber, which acts as a very weak torsion spring (torsion meaning twisting; as a torsion spring is twisted, it stores mechanical energy in likeness to a linear spring in the form of torque). When a force is applied to the bar at a right angle, it twists the torsion spring until equilibrium is reached, or when the force exerted by the spring is equal to the force exerted on the spring; at this point, the bar stops rotating. The angle at which the bar rests at equilibrium, in radians relative to its initial angular position, is proportional to the force applied on the spring by an angular variation of Hooke's Law, t = -kA, where t is torque, or force applied at a distance from a fulcrum, A is the angle, and k is a calculable constant specific to the spring. Coulomb used an insulating rod with a metal-coated ball attached to one end. The ball was charged with a known charge of static, and another charged ball of the same polarity was brought near. The two balls repelled each other, twisting the torsion spring until equilibrium. He compiled data using different charges and separations to derive the inverse square law, F = Kc|q1*q2|/(r2), using integral calculus. From experimental data, the constant Kc (Coulomb's constant) could be calculated as well. Repeated experimentation eventually established this relationship as a physical law.

The highest isotope mass known to me is 263.118 amu for element 106Unh, so never reaching the 300000 or 3000.

Further looking with an inserted decimal point reveales only:

15P(32) = 31.97391 amu

and 16S(32) = 31.97207 amu

the first 35 digits of pi is...

3.14159265358979323846264338327950288

AMONIA,NITROGen and hydrogencombine in the ratio of 14:3 by what mass of water to completely with 8g

Because numbers on the number line are in ascending order and -2 is closer to 0 than is -10

No. The square root of negative one is an example of an imaginary (not real) number.

Pi is irrational, but real.

slightly more than 14, carbon 12 has an atomic mass of 12 by definition, so 1 atomic mass = the sum of the mass of a proton neutron and electron divided by 2

neutrons are slightly heavier than the combined mass of an electron and proton carbon 14 has a higher percentage neutrons than carbon 12 so it is heavier relative to the number of particles in it's nucleus(14)

Yes.

In order for your integration to be complete it has to represent the fact that it has infinite solutions, or else there's a possibility to have fallacies in the proofs you write. In other words, by neglecting the constant in your answer, it may be possible to extrapolate erroneous proofs from your incomplete answer, like 1 + 1 = 3, for example.

A little more practically, the constants of integration are great for bookkeeping when dealing with multiple integrals.

For example, here's the result from a simple triple integral without adding in the constants of integration:

∫∫∫ (xyz) dxdydz = ∫∫ (yzx2/2) dydz = ∫ (x2y2z/4) dz = x2y2z2/8

Whereas, with the constants added in you get this result:

∫∫∫ (xyz) dxdydz = ∫∫ (yzx2/2 + C) dydz = ∫ (x2y2z/4 + Cy + D) dz =

x2y2z2/8 + Cyz + Dz + E, where C, D, and E are the constants of integration.

This result has a term with both yz and z in it that we had initially missed, which could have had crucial applications to whatever this function is describing.

Should be 1000.

(10x10x10)

Yes, pi is known with very high accuracy (to thousands of decimal digits). However, it is not possible to express it precisley using any finite number of decimal digits.