Music Theory

Alto is a choral line, not a voice type. Those who sing the alto line are mezzo-sopranos, and they are women (or children). Paul Simon is not an alto or mezzo-soprano. Off the top of my head (without researching specific high and low notes he's sung) I would consider him a tenor.

It looks like a half circle with a dot under it.

The line hanging from a note is called a stem. The variations in the stems help tell how long/ short a note is.

C sharp

There is 4. Hence is it also referred to as a Quarter Note.

In Donovan's song "Mellow Yellow," the phrase "electrical banana" is often interpreted as a metaphor for a variety of things, including creativity and the psychedelic experience of the 1960s. Some suggest it refers to the use of certain substances for mind expansion, while others see it as a playful, whimsical expression. The imagery contributes to the song's overall theme of embracing the unconventional and exploring new experiences. Ultimately, its meaning is open to interpretation, reflecting the era's cultural nuances.

In German musical nomenclature, the sharp notes are denoted with a "is" suffix (e.g., Fis for F sharp, Cis for C sharp). The flat notes are indicated with a "b" (e.g., Bb for B flat, Eb for E flat). The naming convention for natural notes remains the same as in English, using letters A to G.