Napoleonic Wars

This is an unusually worded question, but possibly you mean "who were the big four in Napoleonic Europe", and that is still an unusual question. But, Napoleon's four main enemies were Austria, Prussia, Russia and England. These nations, with France, also made up the main European powers.

Don't forget Spain, either. Or Portugal. Or the Netherlands. Or quite a few other places...

Here are a few: Battle of Pancorbo. French Victory.

Battle of Valmaseda. Spanish Victory.

Battle of Burgos. French Victory.

Battle of Espinosa. French Victory.

Battle of Tudela. French Victory.

Battle of Somosierra. French Victory.

Battle of Benavente. British Victory.

Siege of Saragossa. French Victory.

Battle of Castellon. Spanish Victory.

Battle of Corunna, British General Sir John Moore killed but most UK troops evacuated.

Battle of Medellin. French Victory.

The Battle of Marengo was fought on 14 June 1800 between French forces under Napoleon Bonaparte and Austrian forces near the city of Alessandria, in Piedmont, Italy. The French defeated the Austrian's surprise attack, driving the Austrians out of Italy, and enhancing Napoleon's political position in Paris.

"The war to end all wars" was the nickname - often used ironically - of World War I, fought from August, 1914 to November, 1918. It was fought between Germany and Austria on the one side and France, Great Britain, Russia and (during the last war year) the US on the other side. The main theaters of war were eastern France and eastern Prussia. The Germans managed to defeat Russia, but finally were defeated themselves by the Western Allies.

The war was called "World War" because technically and often in reality too, the warring parties' many colonies all over the globe were involved in the war as well.

In the end, WWI did not end any further wars; 20 years later is was continued between the same adversaries as WW II.

Carl Von Clausewitz (1780 - 1831) was a Prussian soldier best known for his military treatise, 'Von Kriege' (On War) and the famous quote, "war is the continuation of politics by other means". Clausewitz learned allot about warfare by participating in Prussian wars under Frederick the Great.

His excellent publication called "On War" is still a widely read book on warfare. In fact his ideas concerning culmination points appeared in a US Army Field manual as late as 1982.

Clausewitz and Henri Jomini had a degree of influence on the commanding officers on both sides of the US Civil War.

yes

Both were bad, but his losses in Russia were terrible.

War is war is a term to say all wars are alike and war is a war means wars are only bad.

There is no record of them ever meeting even though they were both in military schools in France at roughly the same time (circa mid 1780's).

The Great war of 1914-1918 between the centralpowers and the allies was called the war to end all wars as it was the first time the entire world was envolved and believed to end in destruction one side so they could never start a war again

Jean-Raymond Boulle worked for De Beers - a south African multinational company -in the Congo, which was renamed Zaire, after a bitter war fought by south African mercenaries and paid for by the CIA, put US-backed dictator Mobuto Sese Seko in power.

Jean-Raymond Boulle would have been about 20 years old in 1966 and was not in the Congo until later. he had nothing to do with that first Congo war.

He did successfully obtain mineral concessions in the Congo when the first President Kabila came to power, and was involved in the Kolwezi zinc tailings which company was later called Adastra.

The return of Napoleon from Elba leads to the Hundred days campaign. A model of its former excellence this was only to fail during the day of the battle. Wellington had picked his site well....

I would like to improve the answer as follows.

Napoleon's escape from Elba and his successful attempt to regain the power in a very short time alarmed all the European Courts, leading to an immediate mobilization of their armies.

Napoleon claimed he had but no hostile intention towards none of the European Nations and he wanted only rule France according to the clear wish expressed by the French people immediately after his return. But in vain: the mobilization went on and the first two allied armies, those of Great Britain and Prussia were deploying their troops through the Belgium.

The general strategical plan of the Allied Coalition foresaw to concentrate the most possible of their armies before getting engaged in the hostilities and the proceed to invade France, as they had already done in the campaign of 1814. In so doing they would have again had such a numerical superiority over Napoleon's army to secure them the victory.

But Napoleon forestalled that plan and invaded Belgium, defeating the Prussians at Ligny, thus dividing them from the British and forcing Wellington to fight at Waterloo.

It was held in Vienna (The Congress of Vienna) but it started before the Battle of Waterloo, short after the Napoleon's abdication of 1814.

The Waterloo battlefield is composed (roughly) of two ridges between a valley. At the southeast end of the field is La Belle Alliance, the ridge used by French forces during the battle. At the other side of the valley is the ridge used by British forces. The Hougmont and La Haye Sainte farms are in the middle of the valley and were fought over quite heavily during the battle.

It is usually lush and green as is most Belgian countryside. During the battle, though, rain had made parts of the field quite muddy. See the related link for a view from the British lines looking over the valley.

That would be the battle of Trafalgar, 21 October 1805, at which Vice-Admiral Nelson died in the moment of victory.

The French Empire and Bavaria won the war against the 5th Coalition, formed of Austria and the United Kingdom Empire fought from April 10 to October 14, 1809.

It was a French failed attempt at economic warfare against the UK which required European ports to ban UK goods and ships. It created resentment toward the French, it created a thriving smuggling trade and could not be enforced without a French Navy, a French Revenue Cutter Service, a French Coast Guard and an incorruptible Customs Service. It could never work as long as European demand for illicit UK goods existed.

Napoleon Bonaparte.

No, marshal Ney did it.

Napoleon was unable to invade Britain because he was unable to transport his army the 21 miles, (34km), from France to England, across the English Channel. He had the ships, but they were scattered across various ports in western Europe and to assemble them in the correct place meant possible interception from the British Royal Navy. This happened on 21st October 1805 off Cape Trafalgar when 27 British ships-of-the-line intercepted 33 similar French and Spanish vessels. In the ensuing battle 22 Franco-Spanish ships were lost without a single British loss.

George Washington declared the United State's neutrality in the face of emerging European conflicts with the Proclomation of Neutrality.

Waterloonans