Nerves

axons of neurons in the peripheral nervous system. The myelin sheath helps to insulate the axon and improve the speed of electrical signal conduction along the neuron. Schwann cells are also involved in nerve regeneration and support neuron function within the peripheral nervous system.

There are three main types of neurons: sensory neurons receive sensory input from the environment, motor neurons send signals to muscles and glands, and interneurons connect neurons within the central nervous system to process and transmit information.

Yes, humans can form synapses. Synapses are junctions between neurons that allow for communication in the nervous system through the release and reception of neurotransmitters. The strength and efficiency of synapses can change based on experience and learning.

1.) Take a piece of paper and draw a bunch of dots all over. Make sure some dots are far away from each other.

2.) Now imagine that each dot is the nucleus of a neuron.

3.) What structure(s) would best allow each neuron to connect with all the other neurons on the page? It wouldn't be short, stubby appendages, right?

4.) As humans evolved into subsequent species, the neurons' dendrites ("roots") grew longer and longer, with more and more "arms". This would explain the widening intellectual gap between humans and apes.

Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that bridge the gap, known as the synaptic cleft, between a neuron sending a message (presynaptic neuron) and the neuron receiving it (postsynaptic neuron). These neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic neuron in response to an electrical signal and bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, causing changes in its electrical activity.

Most neurons have one axon, which can branch into multiple axon terminals to communicate with other neurons. However, there are some exceptions where neurons have more than one axon, such as in certain neurons within the peripheral nervous system.

When a neuron is stimulated by another neuron, an action potential is generated and travels down the axon of the stimulated neuron. This action potential triggers the release of neurotransmitters at the synapse, which then binds to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, leading to either excitation or inhibition of the postsynaptic neuron.

Potassium ions have a positive charge and play a key role in creating the electrical potential difference across cell membranes. They are involved in repolarizing the cell after an action potential, helping to restore the resting membrane potential and facilitate the transmission of electrical impulses along neurons.

By a chemical released by an axon.

The phrenic nerve starts in the brain and travels down alongside the main spinal cord. the nerve then branches away. The right branch passes underneath the muscles of the neck and bones of the shoulder to the base of the right lung where it goes to the hear and windpipe. The left branch of the nerve follows a similar path passing close to the heart before entering the diaphragm.

what does ninth cranial nerve control? glossopharyngeal nerve is a mixed nerve, it has sensory and motor part. the sensory is at the poserior 1/3 of the tongue. It also is part of the pharyngeal plexus. (9,10,11)

The motor part of the nerve ONLY supply the stylopharyngeus muscle!

neurotransmitters from the synaptic vesicles into the synapse. These neurotransmitters then bind to receptor proteins on the adjacent neuron, initiating a new action potential in the postsynaptic neuron.

Otto Loewi demonstrated that communication across the synapse was a chemical process through his experiments with frog hearts in 1921. He collected fluid from a stimulated frog heart, transferred it to another heart, and observed that it caused the same effect. This led to the discovery of neurotransmitters as chemical messengers in the nervous system.

When a neuron becomes excitable, it is able to generate and conduct electrical impulses known as action potentials. This excitability allows the neuron to communicate with other neurons through synaptic connections, facilitating the transmission of information within the nervous system.

An element with 16 neurons could be a small neural network layer with 16 individual neurons. Each neuron takes input data, processes it using weights and biases, applies an activation function, and produces an output. In this context, the element refers to the number of individual computational units within a neural network layer.

Between myelin segments surrounding the axon The axon of a neuron is the single long fibre which caries impulses away from the cell body. It is surrounded by a fatty layer, the myelin sheath, produced by Schwann cells arranged along the length of the axon. The gaps between the myelin sheath cells are called nodes of Ranvier. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axon for more information and a diagram. easy answer between the myelin segments surrounding the axon b. between myelin segments surrounding the axon

There are three types of Neurone and a different structure for each. Each of these types has all the same part just in a different arangement. They have a part callled the Axon which is where they send their Action Potentials (impulses) down, parts called Dendrites which is the heavily branched part where they receive stimulationfrom and a part inbwetween called the Cell Body which is where the Nucleus is. We will look at them in the order they would come in a complex reflex arc.

Firstly the Sensory Neurone: This type of cell has dendrites that are out on a stalk from the cell body. These dendrited are specialised to activate neurone when a specific stimulation type is present. The axon from this cell type is usually not so long as in motot neurones but substantially longer than in interneurones. The cell body sits roughyl in the middle ot the two branches (the axon and the dendrite branches).

Secondly the Interneurone: This types of cell are what is mostly found in the brain. They have incredibly branched dedrites making them look very like a tree. Their axons may or may not be branched and their length OS also very variable.

Finally the Motor Neurone: Here the cell body and the dendrites are very close together, infact the dendrites brach directly of from the cell body. The axon in a cell of this type is usually very long and not very branched at all. This part will be connected to another neurone to pass the singal (in the form of an action potential) on to whatever organ is to be affecteed.

organs repair themselves vi mitosis Mitosis is the process by which a cell duplicates the chromosomes in its cell nucleus, in order to generate two, identical, daughter nuclei. [1]. It is generally followed immediately by cytokinesis, which divides the nuclei, cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two daughter cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of the cell cycle, the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, each with the genetic equivalent of the parent cell.(wikipidia direct quote) by replicating cells the organs can repair them selves organs repair themselves vi mitosis Mitosis is the process by which a cell duplicates the chromosomes in its cell nucleus, in order to generate two, identical, daughter nuclei. [1]. It is generally followed immediately by cytokinesis, which divides the nuclei, cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two daughter cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of the cell cycle, the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, each with the genetic equivalent of the parent cell.(wikipidia direct quote) by replicating cells the organs can repair them selves

Stonehenge consists of a circular setting of large standing stones, known as sarsens, topped by lintel stones in the center. The outer circle is surrounded by a circular earthwork bank and ditch. There are also avenues of stones leading away from the main structure.

Sources of stimulation that can start a nerve impulse include chemical signals (neurotransmitters released at synapses), physical stimuli (such as pressure or temperature changes acting on sensory receptors), and electrical signals (generated by neighboring neurons or external electrical sources). These stimulations can trigger the opening of ion channels in the neuron's membrane, leading to changes in membrane potential and initiation of an action potential.

regeneration, where damaged tissues are replaced by new, healthy cells that restore normal function. This can involve cell division, migration, and differentiation to restore the structure and function of the organ. However, not all organs have the same capacity for regeneration, with some having more regenerative potential than others.

The stimulus causes a depolarization to occur in the sensory receptor cells. This can cause impulse to run all the way down the axon (by passing the cell body in the Dorsal root ganglion) and enter the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.

Hypothalamic hormones regulate the release of hormones from the pituitary gland, which then control various physiological processes in the body, such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction. They act as signaling molecules that communicate between the brain and the endocrine system to maintain homeostasis.