0
Nuclear Physics
Most commonly known for its applications in nuclear energy and nuclear weapons, Nuclear Physics also has applications in medicine and archaeology. This category is for questions about the branch of physics that deals with the study of the forces, reactions, and internal structures of atomic nuclei, Nuclear Physics.
3,164 Questions
What isotopes remains after the alpha decay of uranium-238?
232U alpha decays to 228Th. Thorium-228 is the daughter product of the alpha decay of uranium-232.
Matter made of a single type of particle?
An element is matter made up of a single type of atom. Each type of atom contains a specific number of protons in its nucleus, giving it unique chemical properties that define the element. Examples of elements include oxygen (O), carbon (C), and gold (Au).
How can mass be converted into nuclear fission and fusion reaction?
There is a misunderstanding here. It is a fine, but very important point. Mass can neither be created nor destroyed, and energy can neither be created nor destroyed.
There is a relationship between mass and energy, in the relativistic framework set down by Einstein in his famous mass-energy equivalence equation e = mc2. Do not misunderstand, however - this does not mean that mass can be converted to energy and vice versa - it means that mass has energy, and energy has mass, all depending on relativistic velocity.
In nuclear fission, the nuclear force (residual binding energy) that holds protons and neutrons together in an atom is greater than the nuclear force required to hold the protons and neutrons together in the split atoms that result from the fission process. The differential nuclear force, or mass deficit, is released during fission. It is more correct to say that the mass is carried away with the energy, because the mass is the energy and the energy is the mass, as stated above.
What is the force called that holds protons in the nucleus?
The force that holds protons in the nucleus is called the strong nuclear force. It is one of the four fundamental forces of nature and is responsible for binding protons and neutrons together in atomic nuclei.
Which type of nuclear radiation (nuclear emission) has the greatest mass?
Alpha or an He nucleus because it has a mass of 4 when all the others have a mass of close to zero.
How can radioactive contamination occur?
Radioactive contamination is also known as radiological contamination. It is the deposition, or presence of radioactive substances on surfaces within solids, liquids, or gases. There presence is unintended or undesirable.
Why won't a World War 3 occur?
bc everyone learns about the world wars and knows that loads of soldiers died and we want to have as much peace as possible.
Hoped this helped Pls follow me on tiktok : xxmathewsxx2007
What percentage of a radioactive element will be left after 1 half-life?
Half life is pretty much self explanatory in that after they go through 1 half life half of the radioactive decay remains.
1/2 x 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/8 = 0.125 = 12.5%
or you can divide 100% by 2, 3 times and you'll get 12.5%
Why beta particles are potentially harmful to skin than alpha particles?
Alpha particles have high mass and energy and therefore momentum compared to beta particles. An alpha is a helium nucleus (2+) charge, beta is an electron or positron (1- or 1+ charge). The relative high momentum of the alpha particle means there is potential for more ionisation events compared to beta. The 2+ charge increases the probability of each event.
Alphas dump their energy in a shorter distance than beta particles. The property that describes this is called stopping power, S, which is both particle (ie alpha/beta) and stopping material (ie skin or plastic, etc) dependant. Stopping power is the change in energy with respect to the penetration depth in the material.
S = dE/dx It's usually given in Mev/cm or eV/cm (as opposed to the J/m SI unit). There are tables of this available on the Internet for various particle and material combinations.
This has potentially useful and harmful implications. Usefully, a known alpha source can be stopped readily to avoid harmful effects - by using a shielding material. For alpha this could be a think layer of plastic or foil (or even paper). Alphas stop so readily they are significantly impeded by smoke... and hence the smoke detector still found in many houses. Beta takes a bit more material to stop - 1 cm of acrylic plastic is usually sufficient.
Now to the question proper - why beta could damage skin more than alpha. Alpha stops in a really short distance. The top portion of one's "skin" is actually dead cells. The incident alphas are likely to be stopped by the dead cells on the top layer of skin, rather than depositing any significant energy in live tissue. Betas on the other hand will travel a few millimetres or a centimetre into human tissue, so a significant dose would be received by the skin from an external beta source. Of course a high energy alpha may actually have enough energy to penetrate the dead layer in the first place, or you may have just ex-foliated or you may have "thin" skin, so don't try this at home.
Is the moral of the story than betas are more harmful? NO. Alphas are pretty safe in a box, but don't swallow them! Alphas may have a reputation of not delivering a large skin dose, but if they get to a place like the bloodstream or the stomach, there's no "dead skin shielding" to stop them so you could be in for some radiation poisoning.
Don't eat a smoke detector... the batteries make you really ill.
Which type of nuclear reaction is used in modern-day nuclear reactors?
Nuclear fission is used in nuclear weapons to create what some might call an atomic blast (nuclear blast). Nuclear fission used this way can also be applied in special complex designs to generate enough thermal energy (heat) to initiate a fusion reaction. This creates an even bigger nuclear blast.
What hormone has the longest half life in the plasma?
its bismut - 20 bilion bilion yrs and from isotopes its Selenium SE-82 (130,000,000,000,000,000,000 years or simply 130 quintillion years)
What do nuclear power stations use for fuel?
Nuclear power stations use uranium as fuel, specifically in the form of enriched uranium-235. The fission of uranium atoms in a controlled chain reaction generates heat, which is used to produce steam that drives turbines to generate electricity.
What is nuclear fission and fusion?
Nuclear fusion is the joining up of two smaller nuclei into one larger, in our sun it is the fusion of hydrogen which produces helium, and releases energy. Nuclear fission is the splitting of the nucleus of uranium which releases energy, as in a nuclear reactor.
Neutrinos are elementary particles that travel close to the speed of light, lack an electric charge, are able to pass through ordinary matter almost undisturbed and are thus extremely difficult to detect. Neutrinos have a minuscule, but non-zero, mass that was too small to be measured as of 2007.
What is an object theat appears to stay in place that helps you detect motion in another object?
This is called a reference point.
What part of the atom does the word nuclear refer to?
A concept or model of the atom characterised by the presence of a small, massive nucleus at its centre.
How does artificial transmutation differ from artificial radioactivity?
"Artificial transmutation" is a nuclear reaction induced in laboratory, its man made.
Artificial radioactivity is a radioactive disintegration phenomenon supported by artificial isotopes.
What is the best definition of nuclear fusion?
Nuclear fusion is the joining of two or more nuclei into one nucleus (apex) CORRECT ANSWER!!!!!!
Are the alpha particle and helium nucleus the same thing?
Yes and no, alpha particles are a form or radiation (a helium nucleus), they are emitted from an unstable radioactive element which decays (and turns into some lighter element) by emitting the alpha particle. This form of decay is called alpha decay.
Is uranium a example of a radioactive element?
All elements have radioactive isotopes. Add a couple of hundred neutrons, and any stable element becomes radioactive.
Technetium, promethium, and anything heavier than bismuth (element 83) will have radioactive decay.
radio active elements can be uranium,radium,thorium,polonium,actinium etc.usually all elements of atomic number higher than 82 show radioactivity.
How much does uranium 235 cost?
I suppose that the real price of enriched uranium is partially secret and also depends on the contract and the signing data. Also is a link between price and politics !
The most important is the enrichment percent in 235U: 3 % or 93 % ? And the quality: nuclear grade, weapons grade, standards for analysis (extremely expensive), etc.
What is the beta decay for copper-66?
Cu decays by either negative or positive beta emission.
The equation for the negative beta decay of 64Cu is:
2964Cu --> 3064Zn + -10e
where -10e represents a negative beta particle or electron.
The equation for the positive beta decay of 64Cu is:
2964Cu --> 2864Ni + 10e
where 10e represents a positive beta particle or positron.
