Operating Systems

Your question raises a host of others, such as; what happened to the original operating system, is this a brand new hard drive, did you buy this computer at a yard sale, and, most importantly do you have the restore desk(s)? Assuming that you do, (because it is beyond this forum if you do not,) there are certain steps that must be followed. If this is a relatively new computer, and came with Windows XP, you need to put the (first, if more than one,) restore disk in the CD-ROM/R/W drive, (the one that takes music CD's), turn the computer off, and then turn it back on again. You should see a line of text when the computer comes back up, asking you what you want to do. Select "System Restore", press enter, and the rest should happen automatically. If this is an older computer, which ran on Windows 98, you will need the installtion CD-ROM or floppy disks, and the "Windows Start Up" floppy disk. Insert the Start Up disk into the floppy disk drive, start the computer, and, if your copy of Windows 98 is on a CD, select option 1 when the computer asks if it should start with CD-ROM drivers loaded. If your copy of Windows is on floppy disks, select option 2. In either case, you will see a DOS prompt in a few moments, which will look like this "A:\" At this point, either put the Windows CD in the CD drive, or disk one in the floppy drive, and type in "set up." Follow the instructions and your system will be restored. IF the above steps do not work for you, take the machine and the software to a professional.

The modular kernel approach requires subsystems to interact with each other through carefully constructed interfaces that are typically narrow (in terms of the functionality that is exposed to external modules). The layered kernel approach is similar in that respect. However, the layered kernel imposes a strict ordering of subsystems such that subsystems at the lower layers are not allowed to invoke operations corresponding to the upper layer subsystems. There are no such restrictions in the modular kernel approach, wherein modules are free to invoke each other without any constraints.

of course... time sharing is multiprogramming... and not vice versa

The BIOS of your computer's motherboard has a "real time clock", but like any clock, if there's no power getting to it, the clock resets. Computer motherboards have a BIOS that are powered by a battery when the computer is off. If this battery dies, the BIOS resets to default values and will not hold time and date information. It sounds like it's time for you to replace the battery on your motherboard.

Microsoft Windows

OS's manage hardware by creating a uniform set of functions or operations that can be performed on various classes of devices (for instance read x bytes at address y from hard drive of any type).

These general functions rely on a layer of drivers that provide specific means to carry out operations on specific hardware. Drivers are usually provided by the manufacturers, but the OS must provide a way to load and use drivers, as well as detect the device and select an appropriate driver if several are available.

There is no "the" operating system.

There are LOTS of different ones available.

Windows XP, Windows Vista

Linux

Mac OSX

and much more... There is no "the" operating system.

There are LOTS of different ones available.

Windows XP, Windows Vista

Linux

Mac OSX

and much more...

Windows, Linux, Mac OSX are currently the three most popular computer operating systems. Other operating systems are Solaris, BeOS, Google Chromium os, and many more.

The device drivers allow the operating system to communicate with peripheral devices.

Universal Time-Sharing System was created in 1966.

hard disc

Ubuntu is an operating system and it has all typical functions: resource allocation, filesystem and storage management, handling of input and output operations, communication between applications and the hardware.

A PC going through its booting sequence upon staring, a personal computer's CPU runs the instruction located at the memory location of the Basic Input/ Output System (BIOS). It contains a jump instruction that transfer execution to the location of the BIOS startup program. This program runs a Power On Self Test to check that devices the computer rely on are functioning; it also initializes these devices.

Then the BIOS go through a preconfigured list of devices until it finds one that is bootable. If the BIOS find a bootable device, it loads and executes its boot sector. In the case of a hard drive, this is referred to as the master boot record (MBR) and is often not operating system specific. Usually MBR code checks the partition table for an active portion. If one is found, the MBR code loads that partition's boot sector and executes it. The boot sector is often operating system specific, however in most operating systems its main function is to load and execute the kernel, which continues startup and in the case of multi-user operating systems prompt the login screen.

Go to start-All programs and on the top you will find windows update.Open it and Click" change settings" and make changes like updating manually or as you like

To put it in simple terms, we write our computer programs in a text file and when we execute this program, it becomes a process which performs all the tasks mentioned in the program.

When a program is loaded into the memory and it becomes a process, it can be divided into four sections ─ stack, heap, text and data

Open-source software is found and hosted on a number of sites. Sourceforge.net is probably the most popular. GNU Savannah is another. Google Code is a fairly recent alternative that also hosts only free software.

What exactly do you mean by 'optimal operating system'? If you don't define the term there is no way to answer the question.

OS that is reliable is Linux coz it don't play .exe files in it which are generally virus(some times not most) which affects system generally.even the MNC are turning up to this OS for security and some other purpose like open source.I am NT much aware of its performance

I think the answer you're looking for is disk storage... But I'm not positive!

The OS, Operating system, controls everything that is software and major hardware based. From applications to handling inputs and running the hardware in a correct manner.

Everything from toilet or kitchen sink to laundry washing machine discharge into sewer line than exit the house , from there go into whats called the holding tank there everything rest and settle, the heavy stuff to the bottom of tank and the liquids to the top , from there ones the liquids reach a certain height in the holding tank, liquids will go out of another opening located at a lower level from the coming appeased side coming from the house and will send it by gravity through soled pipe to what is called the leaching system , witch is pipes with halls on one half side through out the length , and they are lade under ground and away from an active area and the holding tank ,with the halls facing down , where already gravel have bean lade down to allow fluids to come out of the pipe halls and be absorbed by the leach field ,

Leaching system size i depends on the size of the house and amount of bedrooms ,

Back at the holding tank ones the heavy stuff gets too high it will give a bad smell and a slow drain problem , than its time to call MR. stinky's septic service . hope i gave you some idea how it works

S. SALMUS.