The Persians expanded their empire to what they thought was a defensible frontier in the west - the Mediterranean Sea coastline. However the coast was dotted with hundreds of Greek city-states, who resented this dominance.

Those cities were colonies of cities in the Greek mainland, and these mother-cities supported sporadic uprisings by the cities in Asia Minor against Persian rule. When Athens and Eretria supported an uprising by Miletus, they went too far by burning the Persian provincial capital of Sardis. Persia sent a punitive expedition against the two cities, which was turned back at Marathon 490 BCE.

Realising there would always be this trouble, Persia decided to subdue mainland Greece, and so establish an ethnic frontier. They invaded in 480 BCE but failed. Athens orgainsed a defensive anti-Persian league, so sporadic clashes continued. This concluded in 449 BCE with a treaty under which the Persians agreed to stay out of Greek waters. The Greek cities then went back to their usual fighting amongst themselves.

Their infantry soldiers were armoured, whereas the Persians just had wicker shields.

Their supply line was short, whereas the Persians were supplied by ship from Asia Minor - when the Persian war fleet was crippled at Salamis, they had to send half their army home as they could not be fed during the oncoming winter.

They established dominance at sea, which limited the land force which Persia could supply in such a poor country as Greece. After losing its sea supply line, Persia had to send half its army home, which made the Greeks superior on land as well as sea.

The rest is ... history.

The Greek city-states within the Persian Empire in Asia Minor revolted, and some Greek mainland city-states came to their aid. After the revolt was put down, Persia decided to bring the mainland cities under its control to stop them interfering in and disrupting its empire.

The war between the Greeks and Persians was 499-494 BCE.

Marathon was in a Persian amphibious raid against Eretria and Athens 490 BCE.

The wars with Persia ent on sporadically for fifty years. It is hard to divide them up into First, Second ... etc.

They either stayed at home running the family farms while the men were away in the army or navy, or, if they accompanied the armies, were servants and prostitutes.

The Persians had the Greek cities within their empire ruled by Greek tyrants to keep them quiet. One of the tyrants, Xxxxx of Miletus attacked Naxos, failed and realising that the Persians would punish him for this failed act of war, encouraged the Greek cities to rebellion against persia to protect himself. This began the Ionian Revolt into which Athens and Xxxxx from the Greek mainland got involved, and the war spread.

The Persians realised that this external Greek encouragement would result in ongoing rebellions and harm the peace and prosperity of their empire, and decided to bring the mainland Greek cities under control of tyrants which they would appoint, overseen by a Persian provincial governor. The northern Greek cities were absorbed, the southern ones resisted, and the war flowed on for 50 years until the persians gave up and left them to their own internal wars.

A battle does not a war make.

The Persia War lasted 50 years 499-449 BCE. It comprised many battles over the 50 years. Some names are: Lade, Marathon, Salamis, Plataia, Mykale, Eurymedon, Cyprus.

He was below military age during the Persian War.

He fought in the Peloponnesian War.

If you mean they had defeated the independent Greek city-states in 480 BCE, they would have installed a puppet government in each of the city states, and a Satrap (governor) for a new province of Greece. The city populations would have been restive, and there would have been frequent coups to get rid of the puppets, just as had happened throughout the previous three hundred years, and had happened in the Greek cities of Asia Minor. These coups would have been put down with increasing ferocity, so Greece would have been in turmoil. How long it would have taken to gain back their independence is anybody's guess.

They lasted 50 years 499-449 BCE.

The Persian objective was to promote peace and stability within its empire which included Greek cities in Asia Minor and the Islands..

The Greeks outside the emepire in mainland Greece provided support to rebellious Greek cities within the empire.

Persia decided to incorporate those cities into its empire to create an ethnic frontier to end troubles.

The southern mainland Greek cities resisted.

They established naval superiority and progressively defeated the Persian sea and land forces.

The Persians agreed to stay away from the Greek cities.

It saw the re-empowerment of the ruling class which had led the resistance to the Persian invasion, setting back the transition to democracy underway for the previous generation.

It took a new push led by Ephialtes two decades later to reinvigorate the democratic push.

The First Persian War ended with Persia abandoning its punitive expedition against Athens after the Battle of Marathon. The Second Persian War ended with the Persian Navy withdrawing and abandoning the army to its fate, leading to the Greek military victory at Platæa and the Greek naval victory at Mycale practically simultaneously, though many miles apart. Finally, Alexander the Great conquered the Persian Empire defeating Darius III and claiming all its territory for himself. The reasons are many, varied, and complicated and fill several volumes of histories.

The revolt of the Greek city-states in western Asia Minor which was part of the Persian Empire. The outcome led to Persia trying to pacify the area by incorporating the city-states of mainland Greece within the empire.

It was an anti-Persian league, which in modern parlance has been called the Delian League because it started by having its treasury in the island of Delos. As Athens progressively turned this league into an empire, and the Persian threat abated with a peace treaty in 449 BCE, Athens migrated the treasury to its Acropolis, where it was more conveniently available to squander on beautifying the city and paying for half the population in its public service.

Athens turned the Delian League which it led against the Persian Empire into an empire of its own.and milked the 180 city-states of money to benefit itself promoting arts, learning, building and handouts to its own citizens - a golden age indeed.

Cyprus 450 BCE.

The Peace of Callias was agreed the year after that, that Persia would stay out of the eastern Mediterranean, which was intended to allow the Greek cities of coastal western Asia Minor free of Persian dominance.

Herodotus The Histories.

Xerxes (I) the Great of Persia was king during the Second Persian Wars. There was no king of Greece as the region was divided into a series of city-states (some of which had kings -- Sparta, for example, was led by King Leonidas who fought at the battle of Thermopylae, which the movie 300 was based on).

Alexander the Great took conquered it and took it over as his own empire.

After the battle of Marathon, the polis was considered as the most powerful city-state in all Greece. They thought themselves as heroes. They started to act like if they were superior in every ways: the way they thought, they way they fought ...

There is also Miltiades who were the Athenian general at Marathon who ambush Paros because they gave ships to the Persians. he didn't succeded and was sentenced to death. Because of him, there were no longer democracy in Athens. The population did not trust the politicians anymore and there were no more democracy for many decades.

Athens was also destroyed during the second Persian War. It was completely destroyed but no citizen was killed or made slave because they had the time to flee because of the 300 spartians. The Athenians then fought the naval army of Xerxes close to Salamis. They won, once again and were considered as the best polis ever in all Greece

It is about that

There is also the Delian League that consisted in an alliance between Athens and other polis. They had to pay Athens which was supposed to protect them if there were another Persian invasion but it never happened. The Athenians used the money to rebuild their city.

As the Persian empire expanded, it incorporated hundreds of Greek city-states dotted around the Black and eastern Mediterranean seas. These cities were originally coonies of cities in mainland Greece, and called on them for assistance, resulting in intervention.

Persia decided to incorporate the cities of mainland Greece into its empire to establish an ethnic frontier and avoid these troubles. Some cities were brought in by establishing puppet regimes, others resisted and Persia invaded in 480 BCE to take in the cities of central and southern Greece by force.

They eventually lost, withdrew and were involved in intermittent war until a treaty compromise in 449 BCE.