Planetary Science

The word is "planet." A planet is a large body that revolves around the sun, and a planetarium is a place where individuals can observe and learn about celestial bodies, including planets.

Venus has the most carbon dioxide atmosphere of any planet in the solar system, with about 96.5% of its atmosphere composed of carbon dioxide. This thick atmosphere contributes to the planet's extreme greenhouse effect and high surface temperatures.

Mike Brown is the man who discovered the dwarf planet Huamea.

The Sun is about 109 times wider than Earth. It would take 109 Earths, placed side by side, to equal the Sun's diameter.

So by rough calculation, the Sun's volume would hold 1.3 million Earths.

The length of rotation typically refers to the distance traveled by a point on a rotating object as it completes one full rotation around its axis. It is calculated based on the circumference of the circle traced by the rotating point.

Yes, the sun's rays can be intensified when reflected off a mirror, potentially causing a carpet to burn if the focused light remains on it for an extended period of time. It's important to be cautious with mirrors near windows to prevent such incidents.

The inner planets have a layered composition with a dense metallic core made mostly of iron and nickel, surrounded by a silicate mantle and crust. Mercury and Earth have an outer solid crust, while Venus and Mars have thin atmospheres and lack a magnetic field like Earth. These chemical layers contribute to the planets' overall density and geologic processes.

There are approximately 60 known stars within 12.5 light years of the Sun. This region is known as the "solar neighborhood" or "local interstellar neighborhood." These stars are primarily low-mass red dwarfs, which are smaller and cooler than the Sun.

North and south pole

After leaving the main sequence, a star like the sun will expand into a red giant or supergiant, increasing in size and luminosity. It will then undergo various stages depending on its mass, eventually shedding its outer layers as a planetary nebula and leaving behind a dense core known as a white dwarf.

A planet and its moons are collectively referred to as a planetary system. The planet is the primary celestial body that orbits a star, while moons are natural satellites that orbit the planet.

A sun that explodes is called a supernova. This is a powerful and cataclysmic event where a star releases an immense amount of energy, leading to a bright explosion that can outshine entire galaxies for a brief period of time.

The mass of the Earth is 5.97x1024kg, which is significantly greater than that of any one individual.

Now let's say that you weigh 60kg and you are a perfect sphere with a diameter of 1m. To calculate the gravitational force that your body exerts, you can use the following equation:

Where:

G is the gravitational constant (6.67300 × 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2)g is the gravitational force

m is your mass

r is your radius

To calculate:

g = [6.67300 × 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2] x [60kg / (1m)2]

g = 4.002x10-9 m/s2

Earth, in comparison, has a gravitational force of 9.81m/s2 - which is 2,451,274,360× more than the gravitational pull of you. Thus: when you jump up into the air, you will be pulled back onto the Earth's surface, and the Earth will not fall towards you.

Procyon B is about 7,500 times dimmer than the Sun. This difference in brightness is due to Procyon B being a white dwarf, which is a small, dense, and cooling star compared to the larger and brighter Sun.

Yes, a nebula is a cloud of gas and dust in space. Nebulae are often birthplaces for stars and can have various shapes and colors depending on their composition and the processes happening within them.

Most orbits are elliptical; all NATURAL orbits are. There are two foci, or focuses, to an ellipse. The distance between the foci determines how eccentric, or non-circular, they are.

If the two foci are in the same place, then the ellipse becomes a circle. So a circular orbit would have only one focus.

A good mnemonic for remembering this is:

Mercury (my) (My)

Venus (very) (Very)

Earth (easy) (Educated)

Mars (method) (Memory)

Jupiter (just) (Just)

Saturn (set) (Saved)

Uranus (up) (Us)

Neptune (nine) (Nothing)

Pluto (planets) Not a planet according to NASA.

My very easy method just set up nine planets.

For the 2 Ms you just remember that when people say the Mercury is rising they mean it is getting hotter, so Mercury is the closest M to the Sun.

Planet by a long way.

They vary but in our solar system the largest is Jupiter and it's 66,854km across the middle.

A light second is the distance travelled by light in a second = 299,792.5km

A star can be lots of different sizes - our Sun is = 1,391,980km

An AU is the distance from the Earth to the Sun = 149,598,000 km

Black holes destroy planets or stars by exerting a powerful gravitational pull, which can rip them apart through a process known as spaghettification. Additionally, the intense tidal forces near a black hole can also strip away the outer layers of a star or planet, ultimately consuming them.

As far as we know, Vigor hasn't crashed into any planet. That's because it never existed - the story about it is an urban legend.

In the story, it was intended to go to Venus, but due to a "small" programming error, it missed Venus entirely and "wandered off into space" - AWOL. No one knows where it is now.

In reality, Vigor never existed. The story seems to be a confused version of the fate of the Mars Climate Orbiter, which did indeed crash into Mars due to a programming error.

Not always. The force of gravity is given by Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation:

F=(Gm1m2)/r2

So if a planet had twice the mass of the earth, and the same radius, gravity would be twice as strong.

However, if you had a huge planet that weighed the same as the earth (let's say it had a radius 3x greater), then gravity would be 9 times weaker at the surface.

The reason big planets like Jupiter have so much gravity is becuase they have A LOT more mass than the earth does.

Seeing as Mars is further away from Earth, it will obviously take longer and at it's distance of 1.52AU, it takes 687 days to rotate on it's 25.2 degree axis.

If the size of the moon were to change, even if the moon somehow got crunched

down to nothing and became a black hole, there would be no effect at all on the

earth's ocean tides.

But if the moon's mass or its distance from earth changed, then either change would

have a big effect on the tides. But in order to calculate the exact effects, we'd need to

know the actual numbers.

A good guess would be about 400 billion. However, this is ONLY a guess, since we really have no idea how common the "just barely a star"-type of red dwarf or brown dwarf stars are. For example, the CLOSEST star to our Sun is the red dwarf star Proxima Centauri. Even though it is closest, it is too dim to be seen without a telescope!

There is no statement below that even remotely addresses that topic.