If you mean do any Subarus have an automatic transmission, then the answer is yes - all models are available with automatic transmissions.

You need an OBDII computer a) to read the reason for the check engine light, and b) to reset the error code if you know what caused the light to come on. If you don't fix the condition that caused the light in the first place, it will probably occur again.

If you recently had brake work done on the car, the ABS light could come on because the fluid in the brake lines has not been evened out. You need to bleed the lines carefully to make the amount of fluid in each line equal, and this should extinguish the light. If your dealer or mechanic did the brake work, they should also have done the line balancing, so take it back and have them do this - it should not cost you extra, as this should have been included in the cost of the brake job.

You can drive until the bearings fail, but this risks causing other damage and making the repair more expensive. If you know the bearings are failing and you don't plan on getting rid of the car in the near future, you may as well bite the bullet and get the bearings replaced.

There is only one catalytic converter in the exhaust system.

Yes, but you should disable the AWD (See owners manual).

Yes, the previous oil consumption problems seem to have been solved. Make sure you stick to the break-in period driving restrictions and you should be alright.