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Tax Audits

Tax audit refers to the examination and verification of returns and other relevant tax documents submitted by a legal entity or an individual to the state’s tax agency. The audit is usually conducted by a certified public accountant.

1,102 Questions

What do you mean by audit program?

An audit program is a detailed plan that outlines the specific procedures and steps auditors will follow to assess an organization's financial statements, compliance, or operational effectiveness. It includes objectives, scope, methodologies, and timelines, ensuring that the audit is systematic and thorough. The program serves as a roadmap for auditors to gather evidence, evaluate risks, and formulate conclusions about the entity being audited.

What are establishment expenses?

These costs include the initial costs in establishing the business (e.g. rent, insurance and stock), capital costs (e.g. equipment, plant and machinery) and operating costs (the cost of operating the business until income is sufficient to cover the costs of the business).when you save the money your future will be bright...

What does IRS Reference number 9001 mean?

From the IRS Manual. it means "the refund status could not be returned," usually because it is not processed into the system yet or an incorrect Social Security or TIN was used.
I just called today 2/9/2012 because I received the message code 9001 when I checked my refund status on where is my refund. I called and spoke with an IRS customer service representative. She told me because the direct deposit account information I submitted was incorrect the IRS received the funds back and a paper check will be sent out to me. So for me 9001 meant I will be receiving a paper check from the IRS with my 2011 refund on it.

Difference between auditing and accounting?

Accounting is the process of recording, classifying and summarizing of the business events for the purpose of providing financial information to investors for decision making.

Auditing is determining whether recorded information properly to the business events that occurred during the accounting period. Its main duties are observe, valuate and recommend the financial statement and the firm.

Can a coporation deduct a lease payment?

Yes, corporations can deduct lease payments. Property lease payments and vehicle lease payments are deductible in the year paid or accrued.

How do you audit a share register?

To audit a share register, first verify the accuracy of the recorded shareholder information by cross-referencing it with supporting documents like share certificates and transfer records. Next, ensure compliance with relevant regulations and company policies by checking for proper authorization of share transfers and the maintenance of accurate records. Additionally, assess the completeness of the register by confirming that all issued shares are accounted for and that any changes (such as new issuances or cancellations) are accurately reflected. Finally, review the procedures for updating the register to ensure they are effective and consistently followed.

System based audit?

Systems Based Auditing (SBA) was developed during the late 1960s and early 1970s. Before SBA was invented the auditing methods in use were in the main reactive, a prime example is the infamous transaction testing audit method known as 'tick and turn'. Although SBA has been in use for over 40 years, there are still misconceptions about what SBA is. SBA is an audit methodology designed to check upon the adequacy and effectiveness of internal controls in both financial and non-financial systems

How far back can the IRS audit a business?

Generally, the statute of limitations on assessment of a tax deficiency is three years from the date a tax return was due UNLESS the deficiency was substantial, meaning a return failed to include 25% or more of the gross income it should have, in which case the statute of limitations extends to six years. And there's no statute of limitations on a taxpayer who was required to file a return and failed to do so.

What taxes do businesses pay?

Depending where you live you may have to pay different taxes but if it is any help in Australia and NZ you have to pay Goods and Services Tax (only if you are registered for GST - there is a criteria for business that need to be registered) and usually some form of pay as you go/ earn or provisional tax which is just pre paying tax during the year so that the end of year tax bill wont be so large. (This tax is just the normal tax you would need to pay on income earned - just like you as an individual) This is usually worked out by using you last years tax bill with normal uplift - it can be varied though if you think you are going to do a lot better or a lot worse than last year (warning: you must not be too far off the actual amount you earn if you are estimating because then you may get penalties and interest.) If you employ people you will also need to withhold tax for them which you have to also pay on a monthly basis.

Summary of approximate amounts:

- GST every quarter (the GST amount you collected in gaining your income minus the input tax credits you paid on your expenses)

- Tax withheld every month on behalf of your employees

- Provisional tax/ terminal tax or PAYG instalments every quarter.

Basic concepts of taxation?

The American concept of democracy rests on these basic notations; 1. A recognition of the fundamental worth and dignity of every person; 2. A respect for the equality of all persons; 3. A faith in majority rule and an insistence upon minority rights; 4. An acceptance of the necessity of compromise; and 5. An insistence upon the widest possible degree of individual freedom.

Difference between operational audits and compliance audits?

Operational Audits

An operational audit is a review of any part of an entity's operating procedures and methods for the

purpose of evaluating efficiency and effectiveness. At the completion of an operational audit,

recommendations to management for improving operation are normally expected.

An example of an operational audit is evaluating the efficiency and accuracy of processing payroll

transactions in a newly installed computer system. Another example, where most accountants would feel

less qualified is evaluating the efficiency, accuracy, and customer satisfaction in processing the distribution

of letters and parcels by a courier company such as TCS.

Because of the many different areas in which operational effectiveness can be evaluated, it is impossible to

characterize the conduct of a typical operational audit. In one organization, the auditor might evaluate the

relevancy and sufficiency of the information used by management in making decisions to acquire new fixed

assets, while in a different organization the auditor might evaluate the efficiency of the paper flow in

processing sales.

In operational auditing, the reviews are not limited to accounting. They can include the evaluation of

organization structure, computer operations, production methods, marketing, and any other area in which

the auditor is qualified.

The conduct of an operational audit and the reported results are less easily defined than for either of the

other two types of audits. Efficiency and effectiveness of operations are far more difficult to evaluate

objectively than compliance or the presentation of financial statements in accordance with accounting

conventions and principles; and establishing criteria for evaluating the quantifiable information in an

operational audit is an extremely subjective matter.

In this sense, operational auditing is more like "management consulting" than what is generally regarded as

"auditing". Operational auditing has increased in importance in the past decade.

Compliance Audits

The purpose of a compliance audit is to determine whether the entity is following specific procedures, rules,

or regulations set down by some higher authority.

A compliance audit for a private business could include determining whether accounting personnel are

following the procedures prescribed by the company controller, reviewing wage rates for compliance with

minimum wage laws, or examining contractual agreements with bankers and other lenders to be sure the

company is complying with legal requirements.

In the audit of governmental units such as districts school, there is extensive compliance auditing due to

extensive regulation by higher government authorities. In virtually every private and non profit organization, there are prescribed policies, contractual agreements, and legal requirements that may call for compliance

auditing.

Results of compliance audits are typically reported to someone within the entity being audited rather than to

a broad spectrum of users.

Management, as opposed to outside users, is the primary group concerned with the extent of compliance

with certain prescribed procedures and regulations. Hence, a significant portion of work of this type is done

by auditors employed by the entity itself.

There are exceptions; when an organization wants to determine whether individuals or entities that are

obligated to follow its requirements are actually complying, the auditor is employed by the entity issuing the

requirements.

An example is the auditing of taxpayers for compliance with the federal tax laws, where the auditor is

employed by the government to audit the taxpayers' tax returns.

Following table summarizes the three types of audits and includes an example of each type and an

illustration of three of the key parts of the definition of auditing applied to each type of audit. for more study

Examples of the Three Types of Audits

Why is self employment tax so high?

Is a huge benefit.

Self employment tax is your social security and medicare. If you were not self employed you pay only your portion. Now you must pay yours and your employers portion since you are your own employer. The employers portion is also treated as a deduction on page 1 of the 1040 so you get a little break.

What is the purpose of an audit?

The purpose of an audit is to add credibility to the financial statements of a business organization.
To give credence to the accounting records, accounting polices and financial statements of an audit client.

What is a tax write off?

The below discusses this frequently confused idea...although it was originally written for a slightly different question concerning taxes...the idea is the same for books or tax, but the timing ow hen it is recorded (by the different accounting rules) may be different. Hence for tax a "tax write off" is anything you must record on the tax accounting records as a loss, (that is you disposed/sold at less than the current tax basis on those books). IMPORTANT CONCEPT: CHARGE OFF IS AN ACCOUNTING ENTRY BY THE ONE OWED, IT IS NOT FORGIVENESS OF DEBT. Explanation Charge Offs & Forgiven Debt below is more than everything you ever wanted to know, but feel free to ask more or challenge any of my answer. Lets limit this to business charging off a debt that is owed to them through some type of transaction. that includes the $ provided by a Cr Card co as a transaction. A charge off (or write off) is the accounting process where a business acknowledges a receivable (an asset) it believes is uncollectable effectively does not exist. It is taking the cost of not collecting that receivable as a charge against current earnings. Hence the companies net current earnings is lower than they would have been and subsequently, the amount of income taxes they pay is also lower. IMPORTANT: It does not mean the debt is forgiven, just that they can?t collect it, or some portion of it. (See below). They had an increased expense, made less money, they pay less taxes. It?s fair to say given a choice they would have preferred to have made the less net income by increasing say, salaries, medical benefits, advertising, new machinery, etc. than essentially giving away their assets/earnings to someone else for nothing. Taking a $100 sale on credit, the company shows the $100 as income on its income statement when the sale is made and, as no cash was received, reflects it by establishing a $100 asset (due from customer) on its balance sheet. If the transaction is completed, as the customer pays the balance sheet cash account is increased by the $100, and the due from customer account is decreased ? no income effect (as that was recognized with the original posting). So, say a company sold $100 in year 1, reported the income (through the income statement) and paid taxes on it and establishes an asset for the receivable. Then in year 2 finds that customer isn?t going to pay, it will have a charge of -$100 in year 2 (reducing the balance sheet asset account, with offset to the income statement), effectively recovering the taxes it paid in year 1. While this seems fair there are, not suprisingly, a number of accounting, especially IRS tax accounting rules, that complicate it and it is not unusual at all for a company to not receive a complete or timely benefit for all of it?s charge offs. The tax rules for when an asset can be charged off are stricter than accounting). And for there to really be any benefit, the company must actually be making enough money on a tax basis in all those years. It must have taxable income and a tax it would have had to pay. If it was already losing money, paying little or no tax, losing more doesn?t get it more! But also at the State level where, the taxable income need is even greater, but another tax is frequently encountered. If that $100 also had say $6 sales tax collected and paid over to the State, the state makes recovering that $6 that was in reality never collected, very difficult, near impossible. (Note that the $6 is normally NOT part of the company?s income or sales but a collection in trust for the State and paid over on behalf of the customer). I think you would be hard pressed to call the above a benefit! The one not paying (who still owes and will forever owe the money), actually receives all the benefit, by basically enriching themselves through a theft. (Walking out and agreeing to pay, then not doing so is really very similar to simply walking out with out paying). However, there is another consideration: What happens if the debt (or some portion) is forgiven? Lets start with a basic tax concept: If you receive something of value (remember we?re talking in business, so from someone other than family), you have received a taxable income. (The one giving it rightfully has an expense). For example, remember the Oprah Winfrey thing where the audience got cars?and then found out they owed taxes on the value of the cars. In fact, when Oprah stepped up to pay the tax for them, she had to actually pay more than the tax on the car, (called a gross up), as the money she gave them to pay the tax is also taxable. Hand in hand with that, and the example above, if you get a loan, it is NOT taxable income. The money was exchanged for the equally valued promise to repay. So taking the example above, if a buyer receives the $100 merchandise and gives $100 value for it, obviously nothing income taxable to the buyer. But in this case the buyer receives the $100 of value and say makes a deal in year 2 that if the $100 promise it gave is forgiven for a payment of $75 sent today (frequently offered with words like ??because it?s all I have and otherwise you ain?t getting nothing?.?), then the $25 is considered a cancellation of indebtedness. COD income is taxable to the recipient. It isn?t a loan/exchange of value anymore, it?s a gift of value, and value, as in Oprah is taxable. While no one likes to pay tax, it is the correct outcome. The advantage is the debtor doesn?t owe anything anymore?other than tax on the gift. This COD is a very big issue in major corporation financial reorganizations. When these companies financially restructure (Chapter 11 Bankruptcy), and creditors, generally Bondholders, agree to take less than the bond was issued for?and we are talking billions of dollars here frequently, the company has COD income of the amount forgiven.

What is loss of use?

An example of "loss of use" : if your house burns, and you have to rent an apartment or another house to live in while your damaged home is being repaired or rebuilt. If you have the right home owner insurance, they will pay for your "loss of use" by reimbursing the rent you had to pay while waiting for your home to be repaired or rebuilt.

How can someone get tax help if they have been paid under the table for five years and have no consistent income?

Right off, your legal problem with hiding your income is really more criminal, not tax. You obviously need help and better not try and represent yourself...because you even defeat yourself in the little bit you say here... If you've been paid under the table for 5 years....Yes, that says you've had consistent income...and actually much more of it than someone who abided by the law and paid taxes. Not that not having consistent income (under whatever definition you may want) would be a legal excuse to have avoided tax, or good reason to expect others to provide for you. Help is in the yellow pages...under Lawyers or Attorneys.

How much tax write off for a car donation?

the tax law changed in 2005, For most car donations, the deduction you receive is now directly related to the selling price of the vehicle. The IRS allows for a minimum deduction of $500 but for any deduction over $500 the charity must provide to the donor a written acknowledgment of the vehicle's selling price. (IRS form 1098c) you can get more information on tax deductions at the IRS site www.irs.gov or at donationwizard.com/taxes.jsp

If you donated the car to a registered charity, you can write off the value of the car.

The kicker is that it is up to YOU to determine the value of the car. You should get a receipt from the charity who you donated it to, and also keep some kind of documentation to substantiate its valuation (Blue Book record, appraisal, etc.).

How to get someone audited?

Well, it isn't easy. The IRS (and other tax authoprities) really try to not be part of someones vengence. Its aware of it's position and that many people would lie, or do anything they could, to sic them on another. That said...all tax collection agencies, like just about any department charged with enforcing laws, will act on information provided by third parties about wrongdoings. You just have to be willing to provide some specific detail and substantiation. Hearsay ain't going to cut it. Of course, if you were involved in the others wrongdoing like getting paid under the table)...you could expose yourself too.

How do you calculate the amount of taxes that will be taken out of your check at your new job in Louisiana with a salary of 23500?

It depends on many, many things...not the least of which is what you consider tax. Many people group all their withholdings as a type of tax, but many may not be. Workers Comp, Unemployment, even FICA are all really more an insurance payment than a withholding against an income tax. The amount of tax withheld also depends on many other things...obviously which state (or even city) your in, the amount of income your projected on earning over the year, (which helps determine your tax bracket and the percent that may be needed), as well as your filing status, number of dependents and other deductions. All these things can be adjusted for your circumstances by properly and completely filling out (or changing) the Form W-4 all employers ask you to. Finally, there are a number of different legal ways for the payroll provider to calculate certain aspects of the amount to withhold...but overall they make only a small difference. Remember, anything withheld is just being done as an estimated installment payment toward whatever tax, if any, you do ultimately owe. If too much is withheld, it is refunded. (Too little, and you could pay a penalty). Again, adjusting your W-4 is the way to correct for any of these circumstances.

What is the difference between deductions and contributions?

A deduction on your tax return can be your property taxes or mortgage interest. A contribution is money or property you've donated to a qualified charitable organization.

Why does your Infiniti navigation system make a barking sound?

If you have pre-set addresses in your nav system, you might have accidentally selected a sound to be associated with a specific location. For example, your home icon might be associated with a dog barking (as it is a choice). Everytime you get within so many yards of your house, the nav. system recognizes this and barks. It can be fixed under Settings.

What is audit failure?

An audit failure is when an auditor says that financial statements are correct when they actually are not correct. This is basically when an auditor lies for a business.