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Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics
Thermodynamics is the study of energy conversion between heat and mechanical work which leads to the macroscopic properties such as temperature, volume, and pressure. Statistical mechanics is the application of probability theory to study the thermodynamic behavior of systems of a large number of particles.
1,125 Questions
Application of thermodynamics in your daily life?
its basicly..: convection,radiation and conduction, then examples of these in everyday life are: conduction touch the stove and being burned, radiation heat from the sun burning your face, and convection hot air rising cool air falling. wacka flocka :D
What is Definition of Delta T in thermodynamics?
Delta T in thermodynamics refers to the change in temperature between two states or points in a system. It is calculated by subtracting the initial temperature from the final temperature. Delta T is an essential parameter for determining heat transfer and energy exchange in thermodynamic processes.
Characteristics of Bose-einstein condensate?
its compose of two (2) significant propertie: Surface tension and Viscosity (just like the liquid matter)
Ficks laws (note that there are two of them) are:
Most people are concerned with Fick's first law which relates the diffusive flux to the concentration under the assumption of steady state:
R=D X A Dp / d
R=the rate of diffusion
D=diffusion coefficient, which is a characteristic of the medium and varies exponentially with temperature
A=the surface area
and dC/dx Is the concentration gradient over the diffusion distance
Fick's first law suggests that the rate of diffusion in a given direction across and exchange surface:
1. is directly proportional to the concentration gradient- the steeper the concentration gradient, the faster the rate of diffusion
2. is directly proportional to the surface area- the greater the surface area of a membrane through which diffusion is taking place, the faster the rate of diffusion this is one of the factors which limits cellsize.
3. is inversely proportional to the distance- the rate of diffusion decreases rapidly with distance. diffusion is thus effective only over short distances. this limits cell size.
Fick's second law predicts how diffusion causes the concentration to change with time. It is a partial differential equation which, within the character limitations of Wikianswers, the second law is:
δφ/δt = ▼·(D▼φ)
where
- δ is being used as the symbol for partial differential
- φ is the concentration in dimensions of [(amount of substance) length−3]
- t is time
- · is the "dot product"
- ▼ is the del or gradient operator
- D is is the diffusion coefficient in dimensions of [length2 time−1]
Note that when φ is at steady state, this equation reduces to Fick's first law.
The value of polytropic exponent 'n' in the reversible polytropic process usually varies between?
The value of the polytropic exponent 'n' in a reversible polytropic process typically varies between 0 and ∞. However, common values for n are between 0 (isobaric process) and 1 (isothermal process) for ideal gases.
Measure of the amount of energy in a thermodynamic system unavailable for doing work?
Entropy is a measure of the amount of energy in a thermodynamic system that is unavailable for doing work. It represents the system's disorder or randomness and is related to the number of possible arrangements of the system's microscopic components.
1,000 J
Which Law of Thermodynamics is relevant when you inflate a tire?
It's the first law of thermodynamics that is applicable when a trre is inflated.If both tyre and pump is considered a part of system than no change in work done. But if a trye with control volume is considered and tyre is inlated , then it's an isolated system with adabatic compressionj taking place. AS we know Q= U +PV. AS process is adiabatic Q is 0 . Increse in pressure or volume or both is accompanied by increase in internal energy of system. At the same time PV(Change ) is the work done by the person inflating the gas.
Does heat travel in waves or straight lines?
Heat travels in waves through a process called thermal radiation. This means that heat energy is transferred through electromagnetic waves. Heat can also be transferred through conduction and convection, where it travels in a more direct path.
energy can be transformed in different ways but can never be created or destroyed.
When a solid turns directly into a gas, without passing through a liquid phase, it is called sublimation.
A well-known example is the sublimation of solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) into gas at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of -78.5 oC (about -104 oF). This is sometimes used in theatres or nightclubs to produce a dense fog which remains close to the ground.
What is the specific heat value of water in imperial units?
In Imperial units, the specific heat of water is measure in units of British thermal unit (BTU or Btu). 1 BTU is defined as the energy required to raise 1 lb(mass) of water from 60°F to 61°F at a constant pressure of one atmosphere.
How many different types of electrical charges are there?
there are types of electrical connections:
1. Single line to ground connection
2. Double line to ground connection
3. 1Line,Neutral (two wire connection or single phase connection)
4. 3Line,Neutral (4 wire connection or three phase connection)
5. 2 Line ,Neutral (3 wire connection or two phase connection)
Is Thermodynamics the study of the relationships among heat work and other forms of energy?
Yes this is correct.
"Thermodynamics is the study of the relationships among heat, work and other forms of energy."
400 joules.
The second law of thermodynamics states that not all heat energy can be converted into work. Some heat will always be lost in the form of waste heat during energy conversion processes. This law is a fundamental principle that governs the efficiency of energy conversion systems.
Is density an intensive property?
Yes. Intensive properties are properties which do not depend on the size of the system. Say you had a piece of ice, whether that piece of ice was extremely small or extremely large, the density of the ice would be the same, so it's considered an intensive property.
In thermodynamics work is typically done by?
In thermodynamics, work is typically done by a system on its surroundings or by the surroundings on the system. Work can be performed through processes like expansion or compression of gases, mechanical stirring, or electrical work through a resistor in an electrical circuit.
What gas would be most ideal if at STP?
Helium comes very close to ideal at STP since it is so small and monatomic. In reality most gases are pretty indistinguishable from ideal at STP because the molecules are so far apart that their individual volumes are negligible compared to the space they are in and the molecules are so far apart that they exert negligible force on each other.
What kelvin temp equal to negative 73?
Kelvin is the SI unit for temperature. Celsius is usually used in metric systems. 0 degree celsius is 273.15 Kelvin. Kelvin increases equally with celsius. So to convert celsius to kelvin, we just add 273.15 to celsius. The answer in Kelvin is 346.15
How many btu's would be required to raise 45 pounds of water 18 degrees Fahrenheit?
A british thermal unit (btu) is the amount of heat required to raise 1 pound of water 1 degree fahrenheit. How many btu's would be required to raise 45 pounds of water 18 degrees fahrenheit?
Solution 44430
Amount of heat
= {(1 btu) / [(1 lb)(1 F)]} * (45 lb) * (18 F)
= 810 btu
What gas is more ideal N2 or HBr and why?
Hydrogen and neon are similar in their behavior as nearly ideal gasses.
Normally, deviations from ideal gas behavior become prominent as the temperature approaches the condensation (or equivalently boiling) point. Real gasses condense because of the attractive forces between the atoms and an ideal gas has no inter atomic forces.
Neon condenses at 27 degrees Kelvin and hydrogen condenses at 20 degrees Kelvin.
One expects neon to show more deviation from ideal gas behavior.
What did James joule find out in his experiment?
James Prescott Joule (December 24, 1818 - October 11, 1889) was an English brewer and physicist, born in Salford, Lancashire. By studying the nature of heat, Joule discovered its relationship to mechanical work. This led to the theory of conservation of energy, which in turn led to the development of the first law of thermodynamics. The SI derived unit of energy which is called the joule, is named after him. Along with Lord Kelvin, he developed the absolute scale of temperature, made observations on magnetostriction, and found the relationship between the current through resistance and its dissipated heat, now called Joule's law.
