Watson and Crick received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1962 for their discovery of the structure of DNA. Maurice Wilkins was also awarded the prize for his contributions to the discovery, specifically his work on X-ray diffraction studies of DNA. The three recipients were awarded the prize together to recognize their joint efforts in the discovery, as only a maximum of three individuals can receive a Nobel Prize in any given category. Rosalind Franklin, who also made significant contributions to the discovery through her work on X-ray crystallography, passed away before the prize was awarded and was thus not eligible for consideration.

Chargaff's realization that A = T and C = G, combined with some crucially important X-ray crystallography work by English researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins, contributed to Watson and Crick's understanding of the three-dimensional, double-helical model for the structure of DNA.

Watson and Crick's discovery was also made possible by recent advances in model building (the assembly of possible three-dimensional structures based upon known molecular distances and bond angles).

Using cardboard cutouts representing the individual chemical components of the four bases and other nucleotide subunits, Watson and Crick shifted molecules around on their desktops, as though putting together a puzzle.

In 1950, Watson studied x-ray crystallography and was assigned to share an office with Francis Crick. Watson had the idea of using x-ray pattern of proteins on DNA.

He discovered DNA in our bodies.

James S. Watson died in 1952.

James F. Watson was born on 1840-03-15.

James Watson Kernohan died in 1981.