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Obesity and Metabolism Disorders

Obesity is a disorder described as having too much fat reserve in the body. An obese person often has a lower basal metabolic rate (BMR), which means that the body converts nutrients into fat faster, resulting in lower metabolism.

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What causes Hemolytic anemia?

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Hemolytic anemia results from the accelerated breakdown of red blood cells, leading to a deficiency of these cells in the bloodstream. The causes of hemolytic anemia can be intrinsic or extrinsic. Intrinsic factors include genetic disorders like sickle cell anemia or enzyme deficiencies such as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Extrinsic factors encompass autoimmune disorders where the immune system mistakenly targets and destroys red blood cells, infections like malaria or bacterial infections, exposure to toxins or certain medications, and mechanical factors such as prosthetic heart valves or conditions causing microangiopathic hemolytic anemia.

Also, to learn more about the cause treatment and related concepts of pathology, one should go for this online course - Pathology for UnderGrads by Prof Harsh Mohan, Prof Ramadas Nayak, and Dr Debasis Gochhait on DigiNerve.

This course is extremely helpful for providing in-depth knowledge with enhanced understanding and conceptual clarity through its detailed video lectures and concise notes accompanying every topic.

Self-assessment questions are also included in this course for the self-evaluation of students.

Moreover, this course aids in preparing not only for university exams but also for the NEET exam.

What is fatty infiltration of the liver?

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Fatty infiltration of the liver, also known as **steatosis** or **hepatic steatosis**, is a condition where excess fat accumulates in the liver cells. The liver plays a vital role in various bodily functions, including processing nutrients, filtering toxins, and producing important proteins. However, when excessive fat accumulates, it can impair these functions and potentially lead to liver damage over time.

Types of Fatty Liver Disease:

There are two main types of fatty liver disease:

  • **Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD):** This is the most common type, affecting up to 25% of adults globally, and is not caused by excessive alcohol consumption. Risk factors include obesity, insulin resistance, high cholesterol, and genetics.

  • **Alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD):** This type is caused by excessive alcohol consumption.

Symptoms:

Fatty liver disease often doesn't cause any noticeable symptoms in its early stages. However, some individuals may experience:

  • Fatigue

  • Loss of appetite

  • Upper right abdominal pain or discomfort

Complications:

If left untreated, fatty liver disease, particularly NAFLD, can progress to more serious conditions like:

  • **Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH):** This involves inflammation and liver cell damage along with fat accumulation.

  • **Cirrhosis:** This is the final stage of liver disease, characterized by scarring of the liver tissue, which can impair its function significantly.

  • **Liver cancer:** While rare, there is an increased risk of liver cancer in individuals with advanced stages of NAFLD.

Diagnosis:

Diagnosing fatty liver disease typically involves a combination of:

  • **Medical history and physical examination:** Your doctor will inquire about your symptoms, lifestyle habits, and family history.

  • **Blood tests:** These can evaluate liver function and assess for underlying conditions.

  • **Imaging tests:** Ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI scan might be used to visualize the liver and check for fat accumulation or other abnormalities.

Treatment:

There is no specific medication for fatty liver disease. However, the focus lies on managing the underlying causes and preventing further liver damage. This often involves:

  • **Lifestyle modifications:** Maintaining a healthy weight through diet and exercise is crucial. A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains with limited processed foods, saturated fats, and added sugar is recommended. Regular physical activity helps manage weight and improve overall health.

  • **Managing other medical conditions:** If you have conditions like diabetes or high cholesterol, controlling them effectively is essential for protecting your liver.

  • **Medications:** In some cases, medication might be needed to manage specific conditions contributing to fatty liver disease, such as diabetes or high cholesterol.

Prevention:

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle with a balanced diet, regular exercise, and maintaining a healthy weight are the primary ways to prevent or reduce the risk of developing fatty liver disease. Additionally, limiting alcohol consumption is crucial.

Remember:

  • This information is for educational purposes only and should not be interpreted as medical advice.

  • If you experience any symptoms suggestive of fatty liver disease, consulting a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and personalized treatment is crucial.

Why is it wrong to be fat?

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Asked by Wiki User

It's essential to clarify that it is not inherently wrong to be fat or to have excess body weight. The perception that being overweight or obese is morally wrong or indicative of a character flaw is a misconception rooted in societal biases and misconceptions about body weight.

Misconceptions and Stigma The stigma associated with being overweight or obese is a product of societal norms, media portrayal, and cultural biases. These biases often associate thinness with beauty, health, and success, while equating higher body weights with laziness, lack of self-control, or poor lifestyle choices. However, this oversimplification overlooks the complex interplay of genetics, environmental factors, socio-economic status, mental health, and physiological conditions that contribute to an individual's weight.

Body Diversity and Health It's crucial to recognize that bodies come in diverse shapes and sizes, and health is not solely determined by body weight. Health is a multifaceted concept that encompasses physical, mental, and emotional well-being. Thinness does not necessarily equate to good health, just as being overweight does not always indicate poor health.

Health at Every Size (HAES) Approach The Health at Every Size (HAES) movement advocates for embracing body diversity and promoting health-enhancing behaviors rather than focusing solely on weight loss. It emphasizes adopting a holistic approach to health, including intuitive eating, joyful movement, body acceptance, and respect for individual differences. The HAES approach prioritizes sustainable lifestyle changes, focusing on improving overall well-being rather than fixating on a number on the scale.

Psychological Impact The stigma and discrimination faced by individuals who are overweight or obese can have profound psychological impacts. Body shaming, societal judgment, and discrimination based on body size can lead to low self-esteem, depression, anxiety, and eating disorders. This perpetuates a cycle where mental health is compromised, making it harder for individuals to adopt healthy behaviors.

Challenging Biases and Promoting Acceptance It is crucial to challenge societal biases and promote acceptance, respect, and inclusivity for individuals of all body sizes. Encouraging a shift in focus from weight to health behaviors, promoting body positivity, and fostering a culture of inclusivity can contribute to creating a more supportive and understanding environment for everyone, regardless of their body size.

Conclusion In summary, it is not morally or ethically wrong to be fat or to have excess body weight. Body diversity is a natural and normal aspect of human variation. Understanding that health is multifaceted and cannot be determined by body size alone is essential in combating weight-based stigma and promoting holistic well-being for all individuals. Embracing body acceptance, challenging societal biases, and promoting a more inclusive and supportive environment are key steps toward creating a more equitable society for people of all body sizes.

Can drinking cold water cause kidney pain?

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Asked by Wiki User

I highly doubt that it can cause kidney pain. I'm not a doctor, but am in the medical field. To the best of my knowledge, you could experience some nausea (due to the temperature difference of your body and the water) or brain freeze if you drink it too fast. As you drink water, your body warms it up while going to the rest of your body. Blood runs through your kidneys to get filtered not the water itself. The ending results (or the expelled substance) is excess water or water that could not be reabsorbed along with other mumbo jumbo. But, I guess you could say that you can get hypothermia if you submerge your WHOLE body in water of almost freezing temperatures, which could result in acute renal failure.

How does consumption of fast food factor into obesity?

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Asked by Wiki User

well you see. people get fat when they eat fatty foods. fast food contains a high source of these fats with little nutritional value. if you are lazy and eat this you become obese. good night. well you see. people get fat when they eat fatty foods. fast food contains a high source of these fats with little nutritional value. if you are lazy and eat this you become obese. good night.

What are the steps to making solvent extraction?

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The following steps to be taken in solvent extraction 1.Take out the sample, filtrate it and measure the density. Analysis to be done for the metal/component which is to be extracted. If more components are presented then analysis to be done for all components 2.Select the solvent which is suitable for the sample 3.Prepare solvent with diluents or modifiers 4.Measure the solvent density 5.Both solvent and sample densityies should not be same 6.Take measured quantity of sample and solvents in a separating funnel 7.Shake it 5-10 minutes or until equilibrium achieved 8.After equilibrium achieved separate the organic and aquous layers in to separate beakers 9.Analysis to be done for the metal/component which is to be extracted. If more components are presented then analysis to be done for all components 10.This analysis to be done in raffinate. 11.In extract layer do the stripping and and separate the solvent. 12.Mutual solubilito be calculated in extract and raffinate layers 13.The analysis described above is to be followed for stripped solution also. 14.The stripped organic to be analyzed and re use it. 15.Calculate the loading capacity of organic 16.Calculate the selectivity 17.Using date draw the equilibrium diagram 18.Calculate the stages required using Mc Cabe diagram

Should fast food companies be held responsible for the obesity problem in the US?

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Asked by Wiki User

This is just my opinion, there is no factual answer Yeah they should because 1. many people are getting obese (fat) from eating too many unhealthy fast foods and the fat in them is causing many diseases and has even been remotely linked with certain cancers, and 2. because there are many products (like muesli bars) that claim to be healthy but are actually full of sugar and fat and preservatives that aren't good for you, and that can trick many people into buying them BELIEVING that they are healthy when they really aren't.

Too much junk food?

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Asked by Wiki User

Try incorporating more wholesome foods into your diet:

Yogurt (good with some barley cereal like Grapenuts mixed in)

Fruit

Peanuts

Cashews

Is it reasonable to blame the obesity epidemic on fast food restaurants that offer super sized food choices?

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Asked by Gallantmon

Except in the cases where a person has a gland problem, the only one that is to blame for obesity is the person that is obese. No one makes anyone go to a fast food restaurant, they don't say the food is health (in fact the usually out right say it is unhealth), so why would they be to blame. Your body can handle fast food if you do not eat it all the time and you exercise. It is similer to those that start smoking now. Everyone, including the cigarette companies, say it is bad for your health, so they are no longer to blame either (I do agree with them being to blame for those that started smoking at the time that the cigarette companies advertised that it was not unhealth when all external reports stated it was). I think that it is a combination. However, the main thing to blame for obesity, in my opinion, is nature and the fast rate at which we are advancing technologically. We are hardwired to crave fat, carbs and sugars. This is because thousands of years ago food was hard to come by and people starved. Therefore our bodies adjusted so that when a fat (etc.) was available the person would consume as much as possible. Later they may not be able to find good food for awhile. Now, in just the last hundred years in America food has become overly available and a large percentage of the population are gaining weight because are bodies are still running on the thought that they must have it now cause they don't know when they are going to get it again. Anyway, the answer didn't come out quite right so I'll work on it. But you may get the gist of it. By the way, this is what my psych. professor told the class last year. Food companies are now having to label their foods differently in Canada and the U.S. and well they should because there are hidden sugars, etc., in them. Some of the names you can't even pronounce. If you can't pronounce it don't eat it! If bread lasts on your counter for a week without mold, you're buying the wrong bread. Better restrictions are being put on healthier foods and yes, one can blame places like MacDonalds and other fast food places for obesity, but not enough to sue them. As the above poster stated we all have choices and know what is good for us and what is not. Having fast food once in awhile is OK, but most of the time we should be aware to stay away from pre-made foods and make our own meals from scratch so we have some idea what is in our foods. 3 things that make us want certain foods is sugar, salt and fat! I feel it's up to the individual to be responsible for their own health.

How do you find your BMI?

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Asked by Wiki User

The easiest way is with a BMI calculator or chart. You first need to know your exact measured weight and height. You can use metric or US measurements on most charts. These are available at different sites online. Good calculators (for adults and children) are available at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website. See the related question in the related questions section for more information on finding BMI charts and calculators.

What is BMI? From the CDC:

"Body Mass Index (BMI) is a number calculated from a person's weight and height. BMI provides a reliable indicator of body fatness for most people and is used to screen for weight categories that may lead to health problems."

As an alternative, you can mathematically calculate this yourself in various ways. Here are some methods provided by Answers.com contributors:

Get your height in metres.

Divide this by your weight in kilograms.

Divide your answer by your weight again.

This will give you your BMI.

take your weight, multiply by .45 then take your height in inches and multiply it by .025 then square the result. divide the product of your weight by the product of your height and youll get a number.

ex: weight: 100 lbs height: 67 inches.

100x.45= 45 and 67x.025=1.675 1.675x1.675=2.806

45 divided by 2.806= 16.037 which rounds to a BMI of 16.

The calculation for BMI is weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.

kg/(Meters^2)

or you can just use a free calculator.

Use an online calculator or if not, these sums:

For Imperial

BMI = ( Weight in Pounds / ( Height in inches x Height in inches ) ) x 703

BMI = ( Weight in Kilograms / ( Height in Meters x Height in Meters ) )

BMI=weight in kilograms/(height in meters)2

What is T3?

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Asked by Wiki User

T3 is another word for the hormone triiodothyronine which is produced by the thyroid gland

How much does the fattest women weigh?

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Asked by Wiki User

Carol Yager (1960 - 1994) of Flint, MI; 5 ft 7 in, estimated to have weighed more than 1600 lbs at her peak. She had been fat since childhood. In 1993, she was measured at 1189 lbs when admitted to Hurley Medical Center, suffering from cellulitis. She lost nearly 500 lbs on a 1200-calorie diet, but most of that weight was thought to be fluid, and she regained all of it and more soon after being discharged. Her teenage daughter, a boyfriend, and a group of volunteers helped take care of her. Despite extravagant promises by diet maven Richard Simmons and talk-show host Jerry Springer, Yager received little practical assistance in return for her media exposure (though Springer continues to profit from her appearance on his show, having rebroadcast that episode at least four times). She was refused further hospitalization on the grounds that her condition was not critical, despite massive water retention and signs of incipient kidney failure, and these problems led to her death a few weeks later.

What does obese means?

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Asked by Wiki User

Simply stated: Obesity means having too much body fat. It is being too overweight and it is unhealthy. Some define it as being 20 percent over the ideal body weight for their stature.

Technically speaking in the medical community: Obesity is a condition where there is excess body weight due to an abnormal accumulation of fat. Defined objectively as a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or more, obesity is associated with markedly increased health risks.

The BMI test is the medically accepted method of determining presence of obesity. It is the most accurate measurement to take into account probable differences in bone weight versus muscle weight versus the weight associated strictly with fat. It is not a perfect measure, but it is the industry standard, as its formula makes it certainly accurate enough to determine presence of increased health risk.

In some demographic groups like the elderly, very muscular people like weight lifters, and of course pregnant women it is less accurate since the tissue composition present in those patients is not of the average density, e.g., the low density bone common in the elderly and higher density muscle in athletes. As is obvious, the mix of tissue types in a pregnant woman's body is also not "average". But the BMI is accurate enough to give cause for concern and lifestyle changes based on those results.

Some of the many increased serious health risks associated with obesity are:

  • Heart disease and heart attacks
  • Strokes and high blood pressure
  • Colon cancer (now associated with excess fat consumption in the diet)
  • Degenerative Joint Disease (Arthritis), sometimes crippling and leading to a need for joint replacement
  • Diabetes Mellitus (high blood sugars), with a long list of related complications in the circulatory (heart), renal (kidney), neurological (nerves), retinal (visual) systems and with Infectious Diseases and problems with healing.
  • Depression (obese patients are typically inactive which can lead to increased incidences of chronic clinical depression that could be treated and greatly improved with exercise).

What is the purpose of obesity?

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Asked by Wiki User

Obesity surgery, also called bariatric surgery, is performed only on severely overweight people who are more than twice their ideal weight. This level of obesity often is referred to as morbid obesity since it can result in many serious.

Can obesity lead you to have stroke?

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Asked by Wiki User

Yes. Strokes happen when a blood clot forms in the brain. Obesity leads to high amount of fat and cholesterol flowing through the veins and arteries which can lead to buildups of plaque in them which may eventually lead to a clot.

Is high blood pressure curable?

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Asked by Wiki User

In some cases, yes - it's easily preventable. But they're the minority. Sadly, the overwhelming amount of blood pressure cases are what doctors call "essential" hypertension: They don't know why you have high blood pressure - you just do. But in virtually every case, it can be successfully treated.

What is your opinion on obesity?

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Asked by Wiki User

My opinion on obesity is that it is a big problem in almost every way.

Statistically, it's a huge problem, all over the world.

Physically, it's challenging.

Physiologically, it's depressing.

Emotionally, it's difficult.

Logically, you can deal with it, and get in shape, but you really have to commit.

See, I could go on and on and on but I won't.

It's okay to be a little overweight (5-7 pounds) but when you are at risk, so are the people around you.

It's not difficult. You don't need a crazy diet, you don't need to starve yourself.

Just exercise regularly, eat right, and get sleep.

It's that simple. I'm serious. Try it.

Can a doctor refuse to treat a patient because they are obese?

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Asked by Wiki User

Yes they can. If they do that just because you or some one else is they are just jerks. But there are medical reasons as well , if he doesn't then he/her probably does not trust themselves enough to treat you and might need more help.

Hoped that helped!

What diseases cause obesity?

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Asked by Wiki User

Answer 1: MOMO syndrome is an extremely rare genetic disorder which belongs to the overgrowth syndromes and has been diagnosed in only four cases around the world, and occurs in 1 in 100 million births. The name is an acronym of the four primary aspects of the disorder: Macrosomia (excessive birth weight), Obesity, Macrocephaly (excessive head size) and Ocular abnormalities. It is unknown if it is a life-limiting condition. MOMO syndrome was first diagnosed in 1993 by Professor Célia Priszkulnik Koiffmann, a Brazilian researcher in the Genetic and Clinical Studies of neurodevelopmental disorders.

CHECK OUT THIS WEBSITE FOR MORE:http://fatdisorders.org/

Answer 2: There are many diseases that can cause obesity or difficulties to lose weight, but it is not widely acknowledged and no one educates the public about them. Usually overweight and obese people are portrayed as uncontrolled overeaters and lazy. Many people think that obese people gain weight simply by overeating and not exercising, but this is not always true. Through this kind of outlook there is very little to no compassion for people who suffer with this very troublesome and traumatic problem. Excess weight gain can also be a symptom of another disease.There are many overweight people who really cannot seem to lose weight or have extreme difficulties in keeping weight off, no matter how well they eat or how disciplined they are in trying to keep fit, and are often plagued by food cravings and digestive problems. One which causes weight problems is an infection in the digestive tract called Candida Albicans (you can research about this infection online at many websites). But if people would just educate themselves and do some research on the internet they would be surprised what can cause obesity besides 'stuffing yourself with food and lack of exercise'. However, that does not mean that 'EVERYONE' who has these illnesses are 'ALL' overweight, but many people who were once very fit and thin suddenly begin to put weight on for no reason, until a little later they begin to feel unwell and they cannot do their usual activities. Later they find through medical tests that they have a disease or illness that has caused the weight problem [not the other way around as so many portray obesity to be today]. Here are some diseases that can cause obesity: Endocrine disorders including Hypothyroidism, Leptin Resistant, Cushing's Syndrome, Fibromyalgia [fibro people are often in too much pain to exercise], depression, Adrenal fatigue, Low Dopamine, Low Serotonin (women only produce about two-thirds as much serotonin as men. This is believed to be the reason women are more prone to serotonin-related disorders such as depression and obesity), Insulin Resistant, etc.....

There are also some inherited conditions and other diseases of the brain that can cause excess weight gain.

Certain medications, like steroids, some anti-depressants, seizure medications, and high blood pressure drugs, can also cause excess body weight.

Are most obese people sick?

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Asked by Wiki User

Being overweight carries an increased risk factor in several diseases such as Diabetes, Hypertension and Heart disease. Being overweight does not guarantee that the person will get sick more often than someone who is not overweight.

What are 3 things that cause child obesity?

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Asked by Wiki User

Sugar, sugar, and sugar.

Well this is not quite correct, but sugar is the main reason we all struggle with weight problems these days.

What we don't realize is that sugar is in almost all processed foods we eat, and it is known that one particular ingredient of sugar (Fructose) is the main culprit in causing obesity.

About 100 years ago, the average person consumed around 2 pounds of sugar a year. Now the average yearly consumption of sugar is more like 120 pounds per year.

So, yep, sugar is the main thing to better understand in terms of where it is hiding within our foods.

Can you die from fatty liver?

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Asked by Wiki User

Yes, if you traumatize that liver for instance and suffer fat embolism.

What Nutrient eaten in excess could cause obesity?

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Asked by Wiki User

The nutrients Fat, Sugar, Carbohydrates, and Protein otherwise known as macronutrients. The nutrients we are discussing you eat every day without even realizing it. But the only way to get these nutrients, are by eating healthy. Like everything you eat, having to much of these nutrients can cause Obesity.

What is glucogon?

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Asked by Wiki User

Glucagon is a hormone, secreted by the Islets of Langerhans by Alpha Cell in Pancreas, that raises blood glucose levels. Its effect is opposite that of insulin, which lowers blood glucose levels