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Vaccinations

A vaccine is the preparation of dead microorganisms, living weakened microorganisms or inactivated toxins. Its administration induces the development of immunity and protection against a pathogen or toxin and is called a vaccination.

500 Questions

Does the second hpv jab hurt?

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Asked by Wiki User

For me the first one hurt more, as i worried more! As long

as you move your arm and move the fluids it will not ache after. Dont tense and Dont panic! Good luck sweet xx

What kind of shots do you have to get to go to middle school?

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The kind of shots needed depends on where your school is located and the rules and regulations regarding vaccinations for that area and whether or not you had your childhood immunization shots.

Vaccines recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the US are:

Diptheria

Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)

Hepatitis A

Hepatitis B

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

Influenza

Measles

Menigococcal Disease

Mumps

Pertussis (Whooping Cough)

Pneumococcal Disease

Polio

Rotavirus

Rubella (German Measles)

Tetanus (lockjaw)

Varicella (chicken pox)

Which vaccinations do you need for a monkey bite?

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Asked by Wiki User

It depends if the monkey was wild or in a zoo/pet setting. Usually the vaccines given are Tetanus, and Rabies post-exposure shots. If the animal was in a zoo or pet then chance it has rabies are slim to none. Personally I would forgo the rabies shots. There has never been a reported case in the us of a primate with Rabies. The monkey would have to exposed to rabies first just as in humans. Tetanus shots are given more so to prevent infection from dirt which may enter the bite area, not so much the actual bite. Really the most important thing when bitten by a monkey, or any animal really, is to keep the bite wound clean, and away from dirt. If the bite wound is severe doctor will prescribe an antibiotic such as Amoxicillin.

If the animal was wild then the risk of carrying disease is slightly higher, but usually people are given the above shots and are fine. Its really not that serious. The only monkey which may potentially carry a virus is macaques who sometimes carry Herpes B. But it is very difficult to transmit, as the animal must be under severe stress to transmit it. Again there has never been a case in the US of macs shedding herpes B in the pet or zoo sector. Only 2 cases in research labs where animals are sometimes under severe stress.

Can you drink alcohol several hours after getting a flu shot?

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Yeah, I guess. I don't know what will happen to you, but I don't think a vaccine will stop you from putting a glass to your mouth.

Can you get shingles from the vaccinations?

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No, you can not.

Why was there opposition to Jenner about vaccination and inoculation?

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Actually smallpox inoculation had been done for more than 3000 years before Jenner in India and other places. It involved using pustules from a recovering smallpox victim to induce what was hoped to be a mild case of smallpox and immunity. However sometimes inoculation caused a full blown case of smallpox with all the scarring and occasionally death. But people were familiar with it and felt they understood its benefits and risks.

Jenner introduced vaccination involving pustules from cows (in Latin vacca) with active cowpox. People were neither familiar or comfortable with this new method. Perhaps it might not produce immunity as effectively or long lasting as successful inoculation did. Might it produce unexpected side effects? Nobody (including Jenner) knew for certain and many rumors about vaccination began circulating.

What are some potential side effects of the flu vaccine?

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The simple truth is that any vaccine can cause side effects, but they are usually minor. The most common side effects from the flu vaccine are soreness, redness, pain and swelling of the injection site, fever and malaise.

Can you get the shingles vaccine if you have the shingles now?

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No. Vaccines are to prevent diseases, not cure or treat them.

How does a vaccination cause you to develop active immunity?

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It exposes your body to a small dose of that disease which your body starts making anti bodies for. Your body then knows how to deal with that disease if it ever should come.

What is diarrhea vaccine?

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Diarrhea is a symptom of several diseases, not a disease itself. Therefor there is no vaccine for diarrhea. But there are vaccines for some of the diseases that cause diarrhea as a symptom. However there are also non-disease causes of diarrhea and for these there will never be a vaccine, as there is nothing to vaccinate against.

Diarrhea is also a symptom of several types of poisons as well as radiation sickness and although these can be considered "diseases" or "illnesses", there is no disease causing organism to vaccinate against so there will never be a vaccine.

What disease can not be prevented using vaccination?

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Generally diseases caused by viruses like nausea, AIDS and other can not be treated by vaccination as we do not have their vaccines or if have then they are not so effective.

How do live attenuated vaccines work?

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They are vaccines that contain viruses that have been treated to make them too weak to make you sick. The word "attenuated" just means "weakened".

This type of live attenuated vaccine is what is approved for intra-nasal administration (nasal spray) of the flu vaccines in the US. The approved intra-muscular injection vaccine is made with totally inactivated ("dead") virus particles.

See related questions below.

Is it compulsory to take yellow fever vaccine before going to Kenya?

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Many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa where yellow fever is present require the vaccine. I don't think Kenya requires it, but you should check with the Kenyan embassy. However, even if it isn't required for entry to the country, it is possible that it is highly recommended, so you should also check with the CDC or WHO about which vaccines you should get before traveling to Kenya.

Why do seasonal flu shots only last for a year?

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Asked by Wiki User

There are thousands of different viruses and even the same virus will have mutated

over a year so it becomes a "cousin of a cousin's great great grandchild".

A vaccine is a small dose of the virus. Not enough to make you ill, but enough that

your body recognizes THAT PARTICULAR invader and learns to fight it.

What happens if you are sick and have the flu mist?

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Being sick with a cold or other mild illness will usually not stop you from being able to be vaccinated for the flu, unless you have a high fever. However, being out in public with an infectious disease is not advised, so you may want to wait until your symptoms are gone if you can. If you are sick from an infectious organism, then your immune system would have to do "double duty" to work on fighting that at the same time as it is busy producing antibodies from the flu vaccine. In a normal healthy adult this usually doesn't prevent vaccination, however, unless, as mentioned above, the symptoms include fever which indicates a battle is already going on between your immune system and an infectious organism. In that case, seek advice from your health care professional. Always tell the clinician who gives you the vaccination if you have been recently ill, or have underlying health issues, before they administer the vaccine.

Do they drug test you when you get the flu shot?

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Not in the US, unless you are in jail getting the shot. They will ask you questions, though.

How often should you change vaccination needles?

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As often as is medically recommended based on your age, where you live, what you do, and where you go. Some vaccines are recommended for babies everywhere, others are boosters of those same vaccines later in life, some or are recommended for specific jobs (such as working in a hospital), and others if you travel to exotic countries. To know which vaccines you or your child should get you should consult a health care professional.

Are vaccinations bad for you?

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In theory the shot could prevent you from catching the flu. However, I know people who have had bad reactions to the shot and developed flu symptoms because of it- essentially negating the benefit of the shot.

Is the Meningitis Vaccine a live or dead?

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The intramuscular vaccine for poliomyelitis is inactived meaning it is not live the oral vaccine, now no longer used, was live. Go to the CDC.gov website to learn more about vaccines

How you prepare vaccine?

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In case of tetanus vaccine, you culture the bacteria. Then isolate the bacteria and kill the same. Then you treat the same with phenol and / or aluminium hydroxide. The killed bacteria are oxydized with potassium dichromate. So you prepare the toxoid of the same. In case of rabies vaccine, you pass the virus repeatedly through the sheep or rabbit brain to prepare the fixed strain. Then from this fixed strain the scientist has prepared the vaccine, by attenuating the strain. So the viruses are cultured, usually on cell cultures and then attenuated to prepare the vaccines. Little is known about this to medical community. All the inventions are done by the scientists. They are the 'real' heroes and doctors get the credit for everything.

Is it safe for a pregnant woman to get the H1N1 flu shot?

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Yes, definitely. It is recommended for pregnant women.

In the US:

The following excerpts from a September 3, 2009 guidance document from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) are about 2009 H1N1 Influenza Vaccine and Pregnant Women:
Influenza vaccines have not been shown to cause harm to a pregnant woman or her baby. The seasonal flu shot (injection) is proven as safe and already recommended for pregnant women. The 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine will be made using the same processes and facilities that are used to make seasonal influenza vaccines.

It is important for a pregnant woman to receive the 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine as well as a seasonal influenza vaccine. A pregnant woman who gets any type of flu is at risk for serious complications and hospitalization. Pregnant women who are otherwise healthy have been severely impacted by the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus (formerly called "novel H1N1 flu" or "swine flu"). In comparison to the general population, a greater proportion of pregnant women infected with the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus have been hospitalized. In addition, severe illness and death has occurred in pregnant women. Six percent of confirmed fatal 2009 H1N1 flu cases thus far have been in pregnant women while only about 1% of the general population is pregnant. While hand washing, staying away from ill people, and other steps can help to protect pregnant women from influenza, vaccination is the single best way to protect against the flu.

There are two types of flu vaccine. Pregnant women should get the "flu shot"- an inactivated vaccine (containing fragments of killed influenza virus) that is given with a needle, usually in the arm. The flu shot is approved for use in pregnant women. The other type of flu vaccine - nasal-spray flu vaccine (sometimes called LAIV for "live attenuated influenza vaccine)-is not currently approved for use in pregnant women. This vaccine is made with live, weakened flu viruses that do not cause the flu). LAIV (FluMist®) is approved for use in healthy* people 2-49 years of age who are not pregnant. In addition to protecting her from infection, infants less than 6 months old will not be able to be vaccinated so it is recommended that everyone who lives with or provides care for infants less than 6 months of age receive both the seasonal influenza vaccine and 2009 H1N1 influenza monovalent vaccine to provide protection for the infant.

One recent study conducted in Bangladesh, assessed the effectiveness of influenza immunization for mothers and their young infants. Inactivated influenza vaccine reduced proven influenza illness by 63% in infants up to 6 months of age. This study confirmed that maternal influenza immunization is a strategy with substantial benefits for both mothers and infants. There is no evidence that thimerosal (used as a preservative in vaccine packaged in multi-dose vials) is harmful to a pregnant woman or a fetus. However, because some women are concerned about exposure to preservatives during pregnancy, manufacturers will produce preservative-free seasonal and 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccines in single dose syringes for pregnant women and small children. CDC recommends that pregnant women may receive influenza vaccine with or without thimerosal.

People for whom the 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine is recommended should receive it, even if they have had an influenza-like illness previously, unless they can be certain they had 2009 H1N1 influenza based on a laboratory test that can specifically detect 2009 H1N1 viruses. CDC recommends that persons who were tested for 2009 H1N1 influenza discuss this issue with a healthcare provider to see if the test they had was either an RT-PCR or a viral culture that showed 2009 H1N1 influenza. There is no harm in being vaccinated if you had 2009 H1N1 influenza in the past. Pregnant women are encouraged to get vaccinated against the seasonal strains of influenza in addition to the A-H1N1/09 vaccine. The two kinds of vaccine (seasonal flu and "Swine Flu") must both be taken for complete protection from both kinds of flu in the 2009-2010 flu season.

Always check with your obstetrician before taking any medications in pregnancy. Your doctor may also be planning on administering the vaccines to patients.

Note about H1N1 vaccines approved for use in the UK:

These vaccines are slightly different from the vaccines approved for use in the US for A-H1N1/09, but are still recommended by the NHS for pregnant women. The difference is mostly that they contain adjuvants in the UK. See the related question below about swine flu shot ingredients.

Why do you keep getting reinfected with chlamydia when you know your partner is not cheating?

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There is a possibility your symptoms have cleared up, but you are not entirely cured. The antibotics you have been prescribed may not be effective in your case.

Has you partner been tested? Get your partner tested. You may be getting reinfected because your partner has chlmydia as well. Your partner may be asymptomatic - has chlmydia but is not showing any symptoms.

Also, how do you know you're getting reinfected with chlamydia? If you get tested too soon after treatment, you may be getting a false positive result. If you believe you're reinfected based on symptoms, you may have a second undetected infection.

What is the leptospirosis vaccination?

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Leptospirosis is an infectious disease caused by a particular type of bacteria called a spirochete. Leptospirosis can be transmitted by many animals such as rats, skunks, opossums, raccoons, foxes, and other vermin. It is transmitted though contact with infected soil or water. The soil or water is contaminated with the waste products of an infected animal. People contract the disease by either ingesting contaminated food or water or by broken skin and mucous membrane (eyes, nose, sinuses, mouth) contact with the contaminated water or soil.

Leptospirosis occurs worldwide, but it is most commonly acquired in the tropics. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention states 100-200 cases of leptospirosis are reported each year in the United States, with about 50% of cases occurring in Hawaii.

How is leptospirosis treated?

The treatment of leptospirosis involves high doses of antibiotics. Antibiotic treatment (doxycycline, penicillin) is most effective when initiated early in the course of the illness. Severely ill patients may need hospitalization for IV fluid and antibiotic treatment. Severe liver and kidney manifestations of the infection may require intensive medical care and sometimes dialysis treatment. However, even in severe cases, liver and kidney function often does return after recovery from the illness.

Mortality rates for severe illness with leptospirosis can range from 5%-40%, depending on the severity of organ dysfunction and the patient's general health prior to infection. Most previously healthy patients will make a full recovery.

A vaccine for leptospirosis is available and used in Europe and Asia. It must be given every year like a flu shot. It is not currently available in the United States. Travelers who are going to an area where leptospirosis is common and who will be engaged in activities that increase likelihood of exposure, can take 200 mg of doxycyline per week by mouth starting before and during the time period of potential exposure.

Leptospirosis was a reportable disease in the United States, but it was removed from the national CDC list of reportable diseases. It is, however, still reportable in some states, most notably Hawaii.