Yes there are. Copyright law/Intellectual Property law exists in almost every country, and in most cases where it doesn't exist those countries are in the process of creating their own statutes. Additionally, spurred on by the "borderless" nature of the internet Intellectual Property law (especially copyright) is becoming more and more standardized. In the next ten years there may, very possibly, be only one copyright law worldwide.
It varies. In southeast Asia, for example, the emphasis is on stopping the import/export of pirated DVDs, while African countries tend to focus on pirated music being manufactured and sold domestically. Western countries seem to be concerned with anything moving around online, from images to software and everything in between.
Beyond the differences in what they're looking out for, there's a big difference in who is doing the policing. Much of the Asian trafficking is dealt with by police, and African countries (most notably Kenya) have associations of creators working with police, while the west seems to feel it's the rightsholders' jobs to track down infringers. French ISPs are being badgered by rightsholders to stop uploaders, and in the US, it's individual companies doing their own policing.
No, but they tend to be very similar, because of international agreements known as the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works. There are a few countries in Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia who are not signatories to Berne, but the overwhelming majority of countries are.
The major points of Berne are:
No, there are many different treaties and each country implements the requirements of each treaty in slightly different ways.
Quite a bit. For information on US copyright laws, visit the website of the Copyright Office. For other countries, the WIPO website is a good place to start.
Yes, if you have a copyright in any country covered under a multi-lateral treaty, such as the USA under the Berne Convention, your copyright must be honored and protected by the laws of the other 160 countries under that Convention.
Nigerian copyright law is meant to protect people creating original works in Nigeria. However, as a member of the World Trade Organization, Nigeria's copyright laws are harmonized with the laws of more than 160 other countries, all of whom are required to recognize each other's copyrights.
Yes. Copyright as a legal concept originated in the UK in the early 18th century to combat unregulated copying of books. Nowadays almost every country has their own version of copyright laws, and many are a part of international treaties to enforce copyright law amonst themselves.
It varies from country to country. Some countries have laws specifically addressing how they handle other countries' laws, while others simply use the Berne Convention as written.
A copyright protects original material (text, images, audio) recorded in a fixed format. There are two types of copyright, national and international. National copyright only protects original material produced within the country's borders. If your music was produced in the United States, then it is protected under US copyright laws, but not laws of other countries. International copyright, on the other hand, protects your music no matter where it was produced. A European artist can be protected by international copyright laws in the USA, for example.
Many countries happened to update their copyright laws in 1912, so Copyright Act 1912 may refer to laws in Australia, the Netherlands and its territories at the time, and others.
Drugs and other pharmaceuticals are protected under the patent laws not under the copyright laws.
Copyright laws are different ranging from different countries and companies. Such laws can usually be found can be found from government run websites or from governmental buildings that offer information about laws.
Copyright law has been in effect for hundreds of years in most countries.
Because other countries have their own laws.It's also a challenge because you need to know about the infringement in order to act on it--the local government isn't going to do it for you.
... protected by the copyright laws of over 160 countries.