Biochemistry

Two types of carbohydrates are simple carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates. Simple carbohydrates include sugars like glucose found in fruits, while complex carbohydrates include starches like those found in grains and vegetables.

Making ATP without oxygen (anaerobic respiration) is less efficient compared to aerobic respiration, yielding only 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule. It also produces lactic acid (in animals) or ethanol (in plants and some microorganisms) as by-products, which can lead to muscle fatigue and soreness. Additionally, anaerobic respiration can only sustain energy production for short periods of time before fatigue sets in.

If potassium permanganate solution is dropped into water, it will dissolve and create a purple or pink solution. Potassium permanganate is a strong oxidizing agent and can be used for various applications such as disinfection and water treatment.

A common diagram used to represent lipids is a simple structure showing a glycerol molecule with three fatty acid chains attached. This structure is known as a triglyceride, which is a type of lipid that serves as a major form of energy storage in organisms.

Fat.

Probably misspelled: oxalocetic should be oxaloacetic acid (official IUPAC name: oxobutanedioic acid), which is in the TCA- or Krebs cycle. So: Yes it is in there.

In a closed system, matter cannot enter or leave the system, but energy can still be exchanged with the surroundings. Chemical reactions in a closed system will reach equilibrium, where the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal and the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant. The total amount of matter in the system will not change during a reaction in a closed system.

DNA helicase unwinds the double-stranded DNA helix by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs. This process is essential for DNA replication, repair, and recombination as it allows other enzymes to access the DNA strands for their respective functions.

They avoid water. (The word "hydrophobic" literally means "water-fearing" :D )

Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is a hormone and a neurohormone that plays a critical role in the fight or flight response. It is produced by the adrenal glands and acts on the sympathetic nervous system to increase heart rate, blood flow, and alertness in times of stress or danger.

For Eukaryotes the electron transport chain occurs in the Inner Membrane of a mitochondria. (mitochondria has 2 membranes both outer and inner)

For Prokaryotes, it occurs in the plasma membrane as prokaryotes do not have mitochondria.

Vitamins often function as coenzymes or cofactors in various metabolic reactions in the body. They help support normal growth and development, maintain the immune system, and contribute to overall health and well-being.

The sequences in DNA that determine the genetic program are genes. Genes are specific sequences of DNA that encode instructions for making proteins, which are the building blocks of cells and perform various functions in the body. Through the process of gene expression, these instructions are used to carry out the genetic program, influencing traits and functions in an organism.

Enzymes are typically larger than the substrates they act upon. Enzymes are proteins with complex three-dimensional structures, while substrates are generally smaller molecules that interact with specific regions on the enzyme known as the active site.

Carbohydrates are a class of organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They serve as a major source of energy for living organisms and include sugars, starches, and cellulose.

Nitrous oxide (laughing gas) or chloroform are two gases that can be used to knock someone unconscious in a gentle manner within two hours. It is important to note that using any gas for this purpose should be done under medical supervision to ensure safety and proper dosage control.

Fruit juice naturally contains fructose and glucose sugars from the fruit itself. Sucrose, a disaccharide made up of fructose and glucose, may also be present depending on the fruit processed. Lactose, a sugar found in dairy products, would not typically be present in fruit juice unless it has been added during processing.

Yes, saline citrate buffer can be used for DNA extraction from bivalve tissue. It helps in breaking down cell membranes and proteins, releasing the DNA for further extraction and purification steps. Ensure to follow a tested protocol for optimal results.

sugar
Starch is a carbohydrate.Starch is broken down into moltose or glucose.
Starch is broken down into glucose by enzymes during digestion. Starch is a polysaccharide that must be broken down into a simple sugar called a monosaccharide. Glucose is a monosaccharide.

No, the cytoplasm is the cell contents between the membrane and the nucleus; organelles and liquid. The cytoskeleton is a frame work and also an internal highway of the cell that is made of microtubules.

Histidine is an amino acid that contains an imidazole ring in its side chain. The imidazole ring gives histidine unique chemical properties, making it important in enzyme catalysis and protein structure.

There are three and they are called aromatic amino acids: tryptophan phenylalanine tyrosine.

Advantages: When soil has no more natural supply of nitrogen, the fertilizers give nitrogen back to the soil.

Disadvantages: Any nitrogen that isn't absorbed leaks into water supplies and creates large growths of algae, which can be harmful to other aquatic species.