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Biochemistry

Biochemistry is the study of the structure, composition and chemical processes in all living organisms. It covers the structures and functions of various cellular components, including proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids, and other biomolecules.

8,065 Questions

Does mRna contain the code for the sequence of amino acids needed to manufacture a protein?

Yes it does, and more. Ahead of, or in front of, the protein coding sequence we find the multi-purpose Leader Sequence[s]. They provide the 'addresses' for the locations where the Proteins are [pre-] destined to reside.

Now, the Cell has many Levels, and specific Proteins need to be assigned or Destined to specific Levels. This is what was meant by 'multi-purpose leader sequences': When a Protein arrives at Level One - if it is meant to be there the Leader Sequence is removed and the Protein takes up residence. Otherwise, just a portion of the Leader Sequence is removed, then the rest moves on to the next Level and the similar Process again occurs.

Eventually the last remaining piece of the Leader Sequence directs the Outermost Destined Protein to the Outermost Layer of the Cell, the Cell membrane, where it takes up useful residence.

What are schwanna cells?

First off it's SCHWANN CELLS. They are also called neurolemnocytes. They are the cells that support the peripheral nervous system. Scwann cells are any cells that are wrapped around nerve axons. A single schwann cell is a single segment of an axon's myelin sheath.

Can you search the Internet with a scratch enzyme?

No, scratch enzymes are not capable of searching the Internet. Scratch enzymes are biological molecules commonly used in biotechnology for DNA manipulation, specifically for cutting and splicing DNA sequences. They do not have the capability to access or search the Internet.

What is the scientific name of siling labuyo?

The scientific name of siling labuyo is Capsicum frutescens.

Is methyl red an acid or a base?

All alcohols can show either acidic or basic properties. Methyl alcohol is generally a slightly weaker acid and is able to react with strong bases or reactive metals.

What will happen unless we change the way that we treat the environment?

Unless we change the way we treat the environment, we will continue to face more frequent natural disasters, depletion of resources, loss of biodiversity, and negative impacts on human health. This could result in an unsustainable future for both the planet and its inhabitants.

What is the end products of lysine decarboxylated?

The end product of lysine decarboxylation is cadaverine, a foul-smelling compound that is commonly found in decaying tissues and can contribute to the odor of spoiled foods.

Does spinach contain a lot of protein?

While spinach is not particularly high in protein compared to other foods, it does contain about 2.9 grams of protein per 100 grams. For those looking to increase protein intake, other sources like meat, eggs, dairy, and legumes may be better options.

What is the need of staining chromosomes?

It is specific for the phosphate groups of DNA and attaches itself to regions of DNA where there are high amounts of adenine-thymine bonding. Giemsa stain is used in Giemsa banding, commonly called G-banding, to stain chromosomes and often used to create an idiogram. It can identify chromosomal aberrations such astranslocations and rearrangements.

Which enzyme is the most similar to Pyruvate dehyrogenase a citrate dyhydrogenase b malate dehydrogenase c succinate dehydrogenase d isocitrate dehydrogenase e alpha ketoglutarage dehydrogenase?

Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase is the most similar to Pyruvate dehydrogenase because both are part of the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, involved in the citric acid cycle and share structural and functional similarities.

When transcription begins the enzyme is called?

the RNA polymerase attaches to the promoter and transcribes the gene in messenger RNA, or mRNA

Which of the following variables has the least direct effect on the rate of a hydrolytic reaction regulated by enzymes?

Temperature has the least direct effect on the rate of a hydrolytic reaction regulated by enzymes. Other factors like substrate concentration, enzyme concentration, and pH have a more direct impact on the rate of hydrolysis.

What are the two basic communities on Earth?

The two basic communities on Earth are terrestrial (land-based) communities and aquatic (water-based) communities. Terrestrial communities include forests, grasslands, deserts, and tundra, while aquatic communities include marine and freshwater ecosystems.

Why do mosquitoes not die after sucking blood of different blood groups as it may clot?

Mosquitoes are equipped with specialized mouthparts to prevent blood clotting while feeding. Their saliva contains anticoagulants that help maintain blood flow during feeding, regardless of the blood type. This enables them to efficiently ingest blood from various hosts without the risk of clotting.

Do fungis grow in Cuba?

Yes, fungi can grow in Cuba as they are found in various environments worldwide. The specific types of fungi that can be found in Cuba will depend on factors such as climate, habitat, and available nutrients.

Can sucrose be autoclaved?

Yes, sucrose can be autoclaved as it has a high thermal stability and does not readily decompose at typical autoclave temperatures (121°C). Autoclaving sucrose can effectively sterilize solutions or media containing it.

What are some substances produced in human cells?

A lot of substances are made in cells:

ATP

O2

CO2

pyruvate

NADH/FADH2

RNA

mRNA, etc.

What does the compound C12H22O11 mean?

The compound C12H22O11 is the chemical formula for sucrose, which is table sugar. It consists of 12 carbon atoms, 22 hydrogen atoms, and 11 oxygen atoms.

Can you direct heating evaporation of alcoholic plant extract without vacuum evaporator for medicinal purpose?

yes,

you can evaporate your extract without using vacuum evaporator.

you simply put your liquid form extract in a half liter beaker and place it in hot water vessel (maintain temp. 40-45oC by using thermometer deep into extract) and then pass nitrogen gas over the beaker and stire properly till extraction process over.

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What lipids provide the body with its main energy reservations?

Triglycerides are the main form of lipids that provide the body with energy reserves. They are stored in adipose tissue and can be broken down into fatty acids and glycerol, which are then used by the body for energy production.

What is role of maskin protein?

Maskin protein prevents eukaryotic mRNAs from being recruited to the ribosome prior to egg fertilization. In other words, maskin halts translation of certain mRNA until after fertilization.

In the 3' end of the mRNA there is an Untranslated Region (UTR) (often a rich A region) that does not code for amino acids of the protein. Instead regions of the UTR are binding sites for Cytoplasmic Poly A Element-Binding Protein (CPEB), which binds to maskin. (Other translation inhibitors have similar mechanisms.) This interaction acts to prevent assembly of translation of the mRNA initiation complex until after fertilization.

Upon fertilization, phosphorylation of CPEB causes it to undergo a conformational alteration and release from the UTR. Translation can then proceed.

Poly(A) binding protein (PBAP) is able to bind to the now open A-rich UTR. PBAP binds to the initiation factor eIF-4G, which is bound to eIF-4E, another initiation factor bound to the 5' cap on the 5' end of mRNA. This binding forms the characteristic loop structure of eukaryotic protein synthesis.

Sources:

Karp, Gerald C. Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments. edition 5

See the related link for further information.

Is glucose expected to have a positive iodine test?

Yes, glucose is expected to give a positive iodine test. Iodine reacts with glucose to form a blue-black color, indicating the presence of reducing sugars in the sample.

Why the sodium chloride is named as NACL?

In the case of NaCl.the valency of sodium and chloride is two.so you dont have to specify it.but where as in Icl the valency different so you call it as iodine monochloride.to denote the presence of single chloride atom.

Sodium chloride is an ionic compound, so you don't write 'mono' 'di' 'tri' etc. in the name. MgCl2 would simply be magnesium chloride, not magnesium dichloride. Covalent compounds such as ICl sometimes have 'mono' 'di' or 'tri' in their name, but ionic compounds don't.

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Is glucose volatile or nonvolatile?

Glucose is nonvolatile because it does not easily vaporize at room temperature and pressure. It remains in the liquid form unless heated to a high temperature where it can undergo thermal decomposition.