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Biochemistry
Biochemistry is the study of the structure, composition and chemical processes in all living organisms. It covers the structures and functions of various cellular components, including proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids, and other biomolecules.
8,065 Questions
How does DNA replicate ensure continuity of form and function from one cell generation to the next?
The fidelity of replication is backed by corrective mechanisms to ensure that said replication is a perfect as possible and the same protein structure is being coded for in the daughter cells. Naturally, no process is perfect and mutations will happen, but they are, generally, neutral.
38 ATP is formed in one glucose. How?
During cellular respiration, glucose is broken down through a series of metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain. Through these processes, a total of 38 ATP molecules are generated per molecule of glucose. This ATP production is a result of the energy released from the breakdown of glucose and the transfer of electrons in the electron transport chain.
Fiber helps with digestion and heart health, vitamins and minerals support various bodily functions, and water is essential for hydration and keeping bodily systems functioning properly. Foods high in fiber include fruits, vegetables, and whole grains; vitamins and minerals can be found in a variety of foods such as leafy greens, nuts, and fruits; staying hydrated can be achieved by drinking water and consuming water-rich foods like cucumbers and melons.
No, leptin is not an enzyme. It is a hormone produced by fat cells that plays a role in regulating energy balance and appetite.
Which organelle is a small particle of RNA and protein?
Sounds as if you are speaking of the ribosomes.
Which amino acid forms a dimer that help in protein stability?
It would be the amino acid that has sulfur in it's R group because sulfur forms covalent dimers that strongly bond in proteins. Name escapes my memory, but any amino acid that is complete should show you this.
You have Enamel of teeth, made of calcium salt 96 % and 4 % organic fibers, Dentin 70% calcium salt and 30% organic fibers (mainly collagen) and cementum with 50% calcium salt and 50 % organic fibers ( mainly collagen ). So there is gradual transition from hard salt to salt plus fiber, making fixing of tooth possible to bone by periodontal ligament fixed with a joint called Gomphosis. So coming to the answer, Enamel, dentin,cementum are dead as they are calcium salt and organic fibers. Only pulp is live and two much live, that, we have to open dental colleges for teeth care. In short teeth are not made of dead cells.
What happens to mRNA when it leaves a ribosome?
Once mRNA leaves a ribosome, it can be degraded by cellular enzymes or recycled for further rounds of translation. It may also undergo additional modifications, such as polyadenylation, to stabilize or target it for degradation. Ultimately, the fate of mRNA depends on various factors within the cell.
How are alcholic and lactic acid fermentation different?
lactic acid fermentation helps make yogurt, cheese, and it also occurs in muscles which is why you may get that burning sensation in your legs while excersizing. Alcoholic fermentation makes wine and bread using yeast.
What play many key roles in the manufacture of proteins?
Ribosomes are a crucial component in the manufacture of proteins, as they are responsible for translating the genetic code from mRNA into a specific sequence of amino acids. Transfer RNA molecules also play a key role by bringing the correct amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis. Additionally, enzymes and various factors are involved in the regulation and coordination of protein synthesis within a cell.
Why does extra glucose and oxygen let muscles pull harder?
The reaction of glucose with oxygen, which is equivalent to burning, but slower, releases energy which drives every other chemical reaction of the body, including those which cause muscle fibers to contract.
Does RNA look like ladder cut in half?
Yes, RNA can adopt a secondary structure known as a "hairpin loop" in which it can appear similar to a ladder cut in half. This structure forms when regions within the RNA strand pair up with complementary bases, leading to a distinctive double-helix shape with a loop at the end.
Manny Heffley, the youngest sibling in the "Diary of a Wimpy Kid" series, is referred to as a toddler. His exact age is not specified in the books, but he is portrayed as being around 2-4 years old.
What hormone are parathyroid hormon?
Parathyroid hormone is a hormone produced by the parathyroid glands. It plays a crucial role in regulating calcium and phosphorus levels in the body by stimulating the release of calcium from bones, increasing calcium absorption in the intestines, and reducing calcium excretion in the kidneys. Maintaining proper levels of parathyroid hormone is essential for bone health and overall mineral balance in the body.
What is carried from parent to offspring on chromosomes?
Genetic information, in the form of genes, is carried from parent to offspring on chromosomes. Genes contain instructions for various traits and characteristics that are passed down from generation to generation. Chromosomes are made up of DNA and contain the genetic material that determines an individual's inherited traits.
What is the function of oxegyn in the electron chain transport?
Oxygen functions as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain. It combines with electrons and protons to form water, allowing the transfer of electrons to produce ATP. This process is essential for cellular respiration and generating energy for the cell.
Does hyposecretion of luteinizing hormone cause sterility in men?
Yes, hyposecretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) can lead to decreased production of testosterone in men. This can result in lower sperm count, reduced sperm motility, and infertility due to disrupted functioning of the testes.
How much hydrochloric acid would a 2M solution contain?
A 2M solution of hydrochloric acid would contain 2 moles of hydrochloric acid per liter of solution. To determine the amount of hydrochloric acid in a certain volume of 2M solution, you can use the formula: moles = Molarity x Volume (in liters).
What are two things that can react to create a fire?
Combustible material (such as paper or wood) and a source of heat (such as a match or spark) can react to create fire. The heat ignites the combustible material, leading to combustion and the release of heat and light.
What is a synapse in a simple reflex action?
A synapse in a simple reflex action is a junction between two neurons where signals are transmitted. In a reflex action, when a stimulus triggers a sensory neuron, it sends a signal across a synapse to a motor neuron, which then causes a rapid response from a muscle or gland.
What is the source of heat for the lower atmosphere?
The primary source of heat for the lower atmosphere is the Sun. Solar radiation warms the Earth's surface, which in turn heats the air above it through conduction and convection. This process creates temperature variations that drive weather patterns and atmospheric circulation.
What type of interaction would you expect between phenylalanine and leucine in a tertiary structure?
Phenylalanine and leucine are both nonpolar amino acids, so they would likely interact through hydrophobic interactions in the tertiary structure of a protein. These interactions help stabilize the protein's structure by minimizing contact with water molecules.
Which structure contains the highest concentration of RNA?
The nucleolus within the cell nucleus contains the highest concentration of RNA. It is responsible for producing ribosomal RNA (rRNA) which is essential for ribosome assembly and protein synthesis.
Which among the monosaccharide and disaccharide taste the least sweet?
Among monosaccharides, galactose is considered to be the least sweet-tasting. Among disaccharides, maltose is known to be less sweet compared to other disaccharides like sucrose and lactose.
What happens if you inhibit the electron transport chain?
The electron transport chain (which I will now conveniently refer to as ETC) couples a chemical reaction between an electron donor (such as NADH) and an electron acceptor (such as O2) to the transfer of H+ ions across a membrane, through a set of mediating biochemical reactions. These H+ ions are used to produce relatively large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the main energy intermediate in living organisms, as they move back across the membrane.
Without a working ETC, the cell will be reduced to other forms of ATP producing pathways, most of which are highly inefficient as well as slow to produce ATP. In humans, the result of inhibiting or blocking the ETC is most pronounced. There are several well-known drugs and toxins that inhibit the ETC. Although any one of these toxins inhibits only one enzyme in the ETC, inhibition of any step in this process will halt the rest of the process.
One well known example is cyanide. Cyanide is an inhibitor of the enzyme cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the ETC (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It attaches to the iron within this protein. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the ETC is disrupted, meaning that the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected. At a micro-level, Cells are unable to keep up with the essential production of ATP and begin to die off. At a macro-level, the cell death manifests as a coma with seizures, apnea and cardiac arrest, with death following in a matter of minutes.
