Biochemistry

A cap is associated to the 5' end of mRNAs of TMV transcribed by PolyII , which is essential for recruiting translation initiating factor and for anchoring RNA of the actin/endoplasmic reticulum (ER) network.

Epinephrine is a signal, opposite in effect to Insulin, that tells the blood-stream that more energy is needed. Ordinarily this need is fulfilled by the release of Glucose into the Blood. Lipolysis frees up other types of Energy Units for this same use.

Yes, that is true. Sex cells, such as eggs and sperm, are haploid, meaning they have half the number of chromosomes as somatic cells. Somatic cells are diploid, with two sets of chromosomes inherited from both parents.

Carbonic acid forms when carbon dioxide dissolves in water. This acidification of the ocean decreases pH levels because carbonic acid releases hydrogen ions, increasing the acidity of the water. This can have negative impacts on marine life that rely on dissolved calcium carbonate to build their shells and skeletons.

Excess concentration of fat-soluble vitamins can lead to toxicity because they are stored in the body's fat tissues and can accumulate over time. In contrast, excess water-soluble vitamins are easily excreted from the body through urine, making toxicity less likely but can still cause adverse effects at very high levels.

Yes, some bacteria have the ability to store carbohydrates in the form of glycogen or polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) as an energy reserve. This allows them to survive in times of nutrient scarcity and under harsh environmental conditions.

Yes, the world is mostly water. 70% of the Earth's surface is covered in water, followed by the 30% covered in land.

The surface area is Earth is taken up mostly by water. However, by mass the Earth is mainly composed of iron (~32%) followed by oxygen (~30%).

In DNA, adenine always pairs with thymine. Therefore, in each DNA model, the number of adenine molecules will be equal to the number of thymine molecules. The exact count of adenines and thymines will depend on the length of the DNA strand in the model.

The pH of an acid depends on the concentration of hydronium ions (H3O+) in the solution. The more hydronium ions present, the more acidic the solution and the lower the pH value. pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution on a scale from 0 to 14.

Trichloroacetic acid is used in glycogen extraction to precipitate proteins from the sample. This helps to separate the glycogen from other cellular components before further purification steps. Additionally, trichloroacetic acid helps to denature and inactivate enzymes that may degrade the glycogen during extraction.

The DNA sequence AGGTACGAT would be transcribed into mRNA as UCCAUGCUA, which would then be translated into the amino acid sequence Serine-Methionine-Leucine.

Serine, Isoleucine. Last codon is incomplete.

Protein synthesis occurs in cellular structures called ribosomes. Ribosomes are responsible for assembling amino acids into proteins based on instructions provided by messenger RNA (mRNA). This process is essential for the growth, repair, and function of cells.

No. A GM tube only counts the ionizing events that happen to interact with it. Consider that a radioactive source radiates in 360 degrees, in three axes, to form a three dimensional sphere of radiation. The GM tube intersects only part of that sphere and, even for the the parts that do intersect, its not always a direct intersection, so there is not always a capture of an event that registers on the tube. This is why we talk about calibration geometry and efficiency.

The golf ball would travel much farther than on Earth because of the moon's lower gravity and lack of atmosphere to slow it down. It would also move in a straighter path due to the absence of air resistance and gravitational pull.

First off it's SCHWANN CELLS. They are also called neurolemnocytes. They are the cells that support the peripheral nervous system. Scwann cells are any cells that are wrapped around nerve axons. A single schwann cell is a single segment of an axon's myelin sheath.

No, scratch enzymes are not capable of searching the Internet. Scratch enzymes are biological molecules commonly used in biotechnology for DNA manipulation, specifically for cutting and splicing DNA sequences. They do not have the capability to access or search the Internet.

The scientific name of siling labuyo is Capsicum frutescens.

All alcohols can show either acidic or basic properties. Methyl alcohol is generally a slightly weaker acid and is able to react with strong bases or reactive metals.

Unless we change the way we treat the environment, we will continue to face more frequent natural disasters, depletion of resources, loss of biodiversity, and negative impacts on human health. This could result in an unsustainable future for both the planet and its inhabitants.

The end product of lysine decarboxylation is cadaverine, a foul-smelling compound that is commonly found in decaying tissues and can contribute to the odor of spoiled foods.

While spinach is not particularly high in protein compared to other foods, it does contain about 2.9 grams of protein per 100 grams. For those looking to increase protein intake, other sources like meat, eggs, dairy, and legumes may be better options.

It is specific for the phosphate groups of DNA and attaches itself to regions of DNA where there are high amounts of adenine-thymine bonding. Giemsa stain is used in Giemsa banding, commonly called G-banding, to stain chromosomes and often used to create an idiogram. It can identify chromosomal aberrations such astranslocations and rearrangements.