Cosmology

Creations scientists say that star formation is almost impossible because of certain scientific laws that prevent it from happening. Gas naturally expands and fills its container, in space there is no container. It expands indefinitely and is very resistant to compression. They also say that gas pressure exceeds the gravity that a typical nebula creates therefore allowing them to expand without collapsing onto themselves. Another factor is the gas' magnetic field. Weak when dispersed, strong when compressed. The concentrated magnetic pressure would only cause the gas to expand again. Like trying to put two magnets together with the same pole facing each other: N-N, or S-S. They would just push apart. These are just a couple of reasons why creationists claim that we don't see stars forming.

Creationists support their claims with material that was written prior to 1986 and material that was written by people without appropriate training in astrophysics. Their claims were firmly demolished in 1993 when the Hubble Telescope began sending its first pictures of star forming areas in the galaxy. It provided evidence of star formation at all stages of the process. Modern technology uses a variety of techniques (xrays and infra red spectrometry and such) to penetrate the dust clouds of star forming mats so that we can see right to the center of the forming star. Other techniques can measure the composition of the forming star which provide information about the stage of formation that the proto-star has reached.

A star develops from a giant, slowly rotating cloud that is made up entirely or almost entirely of hydrogen and helium. Due to its own gravitational pull, the cloud begins to collapse inward, and as it shrinks, it spins more and more quickly, with the outer parts becoming a disk while the innermost parts become a roughly spherical clump. This collapsing material grows hotter and denser, forming a ball-shaped proto-star. When the heat and pressure in the proto-star reaches about 1.8 degrees F (1 million degrees C), atomic nuclei that normally repel each other start fusing together, and the star ignites. Nuclear fusion converts a small amount of the mass of these atoms into extraordinary amounts of energy - for instance, 1 gram of mass converted entirely to energy would be equal to an explosion of roughly 22,000 tons of TNT.

The further away the galaxy the faster the star nurseries make stars. The current pattern suggests that there are now considerably less stars being formed than there was in the past.

Although stars form over millions to billions of years, one amateur astronomer was lucky enough to catch the actual instant when a forming star ignited. There can be no doubt, even for amateurs, that stars are continuing to form.

Just as with any other element, tin has different isotopes, each with a different number of neutrons. Depending on the isotope, a tin atom can have between 49 and 87 neutrons. For more details, read the Wikipedia article on "isotopes of tin". If you don't know what an "isotope" is, you should read the article on "Isotopes" first.

Neutron therapy is a type of radiation therapy that uses high-energy neutrons to treat certain types of cancers, such as certain types of brain tumors and salivary gland tumors. Neutron therapy targets and damages cancer cells while sparing surrounding healthy tissues.

We know how big it is now, we know how old it is, and we know the rate of expansion. Its like rewinding a movie that you started in the middle. We just rewind the known universe as it is now. We dont know how big it was before the big bang but we know how big it was at the initial kaboom.

Aristotle studied a wide range of fields, including philosophy, ethics, politics, physics, biology, and metaphysics. He made significant contributions to each of these disciplines, shaping the foundations of Western thought.

There is no evidence to support your hypothesis.

As far as we can tell, our Universe is the only one there is.

MIGHT there be other Universes? Yes.

We are unaware of any physical law that forbids their existence.

But what is the difference between an alternate Universe that we have no way of knowing about and an alternate Universe that doesn't exist?

The big bang theory is the prevailing scientific explanation for the origin of the universe. Other theories, such as the cyclic model or the multiverse hypothesis, involve different mechanisms for the universe's origin but are speculative and lack empirical support. At present, the big bang theory is the most widely accepted explanation supported by observational evidence.

The first elements hydrogen and helium were formed in the Big Bang around 13.8 billion years ago. During the early stages of the universe's expansion and cooling, nuclear fusion processes created these basic building blocks of matter.

The very hot and dense point from which the Big Bang emerged is called the singularity. This singularity marks the beginning of the universe's expansion and is where all matter and energy were compressed into an infinitely small point before rapidly expanding.

If our Universe were infinite both in size and age, then our entire sky would, by necessity, be filled with light at all times. That it is not is Olber's Paradox -- and indication that our Universe must be finite in either size or age. The Big Bang was a hypthesis that it was finite in age; and every prediction made by the BB that has been tested has supported the hypothesis.

No. The Big Bang happened long before Earth or Mars existed. The Big Bang happened about 13.7 billion years ago. All of the matter and energy in the universe was concentrated into a single point. Then all of a sudden it all started to rapidly expand outward. This sudden expansion is called the Big Bang. The Sun and Earth formed about 8 billion years later.

There isn't a strict measurement to distinguish a knife from a sword, but generally speaking, a sword is typically longer than 18 inches while a knife is shorter. Additionally, swords are often designed for two-handed use, whereas knives are usually used with one hand.

Hydrogen, helium, and a small amount of lithium.

If the BB is an accurate description of the early existence our Universe, then the ratio of hydrogen to helium to deuterium would be a certain value. The actual ratio matches the prediction of the BB quite well.

Key figures associated with the cosmology of the Big Bang theory include George Lemaitre, a Belgian physicist and Catholic priest who first proposed the theory, and Edwin Hubble, an American astronomer whose observations supported the expanding universe predicted by the Big Bang. Other notable contributors include Alan Guth, Andrei Linde, and Stephen Hawking.

Meteors generally burn up in the Mesosphere, but depending on the velocity and size of the meteor, they can burn up at almost any level of the atmosphere. We can see meteors because they emit light when they enter the atmosphere as the heated air around them glows from the heat. The reason they get hot and the meteor generally burns up is that when the extremely fast meteor hits the atmosphere, it compresses the air it hits and thus causes the temperature of the air to rise until the air glows from the heat. Also, the incredible friction as the meteor rubs against the atmosphere contributes to its glow and its burning up.

Molecules did not exist at the time of the Big Bang and not even in the immediate time after. To make molecules one needs atoms but it took about 370.000 years after the Big Bang for the temperature had dropped enough for atoms to be stable.

Henry Norris Russell died on February 18, 1957 in Princeton, New Jersey from a heart attack. He was 79 years old at the time of his death. Russell was a renowned American astronomer known for his work in stellar classification and the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram.

No.

As a matter the fact, the ABSENCE of anti-matter in our Universe is a problem scientists are still trying to explain. We know that anti-matter is almost non-existent here, but our present theories can give no reason why that should have happened -- any more than our present scientific theories can explain where lightning comes from. In both cases, scientists are working on developing better theoretical understanding.

It is cosmology using Einstein's theories of special and general relativity. This is the modern form of cosmology.

The old form, called Newtonian cosmology, is based on the laws of Newton (which we now know are not accurate for big things such as galaxies), but is sometimes still used as an educational device (since it is simpler).

The existence of the neutron was proposed by James Chadwick in 1932. His assumption was based on his experiments involving the bombardment of beryllium with alpha particles, which resulted in the emission of a previously unknown neutral particle that he identified as the neutron.

Leading Church of England scientist/priests, Rev. Dr Arthur Peacocke and Rev. Dr Sir John Polkinghorne KBE, FRS, are both urging the church to replace Genesis creation with big bang theory and cosmic evolution.

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The moon appears in the Earth's sky at night. Its visibility depends on its phase and location in its orbit. The moon can be seen during the day as well, depending on how close it is to the sun in the sky.

No one is entirely sure what conditions were like prior to the 'big bang'. Most people would say that the big bang didn't just happen with no physical materials involved. Current thought is that all the energy that eventually became the universe was condensed into a very small space, and the space was unimaginably hot. At some point there was a very rapid expansion (some theorists suggest that at this point even the velocity of light was not a restriction to the speed of the initial expansion). Eventually, the energy was thin and cool enough so that particles began to form. Whether or not the 'big bang' happened in an already formed void (just another word for space) is also not clearly understood.

According to M theory (m for membrane, a development of string theory) there is a possibility that our universe came into being as a result of the collision of two other universes, constructed mathematically as membranes. The collision got the whole thing going, so if this model is right, not even space existed prior to the collision of the two universes. These and other universes may overlap one another, and may exist within dimensions that are folded and locked in matter at the quantum level. The development of our solar system (sun and planets) happened many billions of years after the big bang and the formation of the universe.

Stardust refers to the material ejected from stars, primarily composed of elements like carbon, oxygen, and silicon. Dark matter, on the other hand, is a mysterious form of matter that does not emit, absorb, or reflect light, making it invisible. While stardust is a known component of the universe, dark matter is hypothesized to exist based on its gravitational effects on visible matter. Their relation lies in the fact that both stardust and dark matter play significant roles in shaping the structure and evolution of galaxies, though they exist as distinct entities.