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Cuneiform
Cuneiform script, an ancient wedge-shaped script of Mesopotamia and Persia, is one of the earliest pictographic forms of written expression that emerged in Sumer around the 30th century BC. In the Iron Age Neo-Assyrian Empire, Cuneiform writing was replaced by alphabetic writing and was extinct by the beginning of the Common Era.
609 Questions
Why was the development of cuneiform a major turning point in history?
That time, was just the transition from picture writing to the sign and symbol font. The cuneiform writing actually began as a series of images, which was later forced into a series of wedges into clay. Why was just written in clay?The development of cuneiform writing is closely associated with clay. Because of these exist in abundance in Mesopotamia, was this as a writing material at the most affordable and best suited to capture three-dimensional characters. Why was just developed in the Mesopotamia cuneiform? Mesopotamia was at that time the "big apple" in terms of cultural hegemony.
What was the Egyptian system of writing known as Akkadian Cuneiform Hieroglyphics Petroglyphs?
You might be surprised to learn that there was more than one. The stock answer would be hieroglyphics, but they were used by priests mostly and not by ordinary Egyptians for their daily activities. It's possible that they were more widely known during the earlier days of their development. In later dynasties, even the priests had forgotten most of the hieroglypics and how to read them. But there was at least one 'cursive' script (similar to modern longhand writing) that was used for purposes of general business and communication. The situation was not unlike the current understanding of church Latin. You can easily find examples of it, but it is more difficult to find people who know and use it.
Egypt-irrigation
What are the benefits and drawbacks of keeping records in cuneiform on clay tablets?
Benefits
- prevented fraud (e.g. trade)
- kept records of the past
- new way to communicate
Drawbacks
- hard to carry around because it was made in clay tablets
Is there an online text book for history alive 6th grade?
Yes. The title is History Alive! The United States Through Industrialism. You can learn more about it at the link below.
What is the difference between hieroglyphic and cuneiform writing?
Cuneiform writing was invented by the ancient Sumerians around 3500 B.C. Hieroglyphic writing was invented by the ancient Egyptians around 3200 B.C.
The two forms of writing differed from each other in at least the following ways:
- Hieroglyphic writing represented consonants only. Cuneiform script represented whole syllables, including the vowels.
- Although cuneiform script began as picture writing, its symbols rapidly evolved into abstract shapes that, in most cases, bore no resemblance to any actual object. Egyptian hieroglyphs remained recognizable pictures throughout the 3500-year history of the script.
- Over its long history, cuneiform writing was adapted to the needs of a large number of languages, including the original Sumerian, Akkadian, Hittite, Elamite, Eblaite and Old Persian. Egyptian hieroglyphs were never applied to any language other than Egyptian itself.
The hieroglyphic writing system was ONLY used for ancient EGYPTIAN. The cuneiform writing system, started by the Sumerians, was then picked up and widely used by the Mesopotamian speakers of a Semitic** language unrelated to Sumerian -- the language of the Babylonians and Assyrians, called "Akkadian" by modern scholars. From there it spread further and was used to write other languages - esp. Elamite and Hittite.
How was cuneiform and hieroglyphic writing the same?
it is the same because their are both writing systems
When did the earliest forms of writing begin?
Cuneiform was first developed in Sumer (Mesopotamia) - and is estimated to have began sometime in the 30th century BC.
A symbol used in ancient writing?
Hieroglyphic writing is a form of ancient writing that used pictures and symbols. The symbols and pictures varied depending on the culture but could include shapes such as circles and triangles as well as human faces, animals, and lines.
The first crude ballpoint pen was patented in 1888 by John Loud, an American leather tanner.
The next stage of development came almost fifty years after Loud's patent, with an improved version invented in Hungary in 1935 by László József BÃró (September 29, 1899 - November 24, 1985) and his brother.
It was john loud in 1888 ..and then redisigned by laslo biro in 1938.
It went through many developments and patents, first begun in 1888 by John Loud with the first patent. It didn't work well, even though he got funding to produce it in Argentina with the help of the government there, it kind of flopped. Something to do with gravity. It went through many more stages based on his patent, and in 1938 Laszlo Biro was given credit for inventing the first ballpoint pen. It still went on thru many changes to get to the one we know today.
Enuma Elish is the Babylonian creation mythos. It was recovered by Austen Henry Layard in 1849 (in fragmentary form) in the ruined Library of Ashurbanipal at Nineveh (Mosul, Iraq), and published by George Smith in 1876. When the seven tablets that contain this were first discovered, evidence indicated that it was used as a "ritual", meaning it was recited during a ceremony or celebration. It supposedly was written no later than the reign of Nebuchadrezzar in the 12th century B.C. But there is also little doubt that this story was written much earlier, during the time of the Sumerians. Drawing some new light on the ancients, Henry Layard found within the ruins of the library of Ashurbanipal in Nineveh, texts that were not unlike the Genesis creation in the Bible. George Smith first published this text in 1876 under the title, The Chaldean Genesis, Akkadian text written in the old Babylonian dialect. In the related links box below, I posted the tablet contents.
What is the origin of the word bout?
It comes from Middle English, from the word bought, meaning bend, turn
What is three ways the Sumerians made use of Cuneiform?
- Sumerians invented cuneiform to keep track of business dealings.
- Sumerians used cuneiform to trade with people who lived in lands that were hundreds and even thousands of miles away.
- People used cuneiform to keeps records of new ideas and easily pass them from generation to generation.
Sumerians developed cuneiform around 2400 B.C.E.
~
3500 B.C.
Sumeraian society was divided into several classes with kings at the top, free people in the middle, and slaves at the bottom.
Cuneiform is a form of written language. It is one of the earliest systems of writing that has been discovered.
How did cuneiform help the Persians solidify their empire?
Primarily, cuneiform provided a useful method of communication, allowing individuals in the govenrment bureaucracy who had minimal physical contact to apprise each other of developments across the satrapies, laws created by the Persian Kings, and individual updates or requirements in terms of imperial maintenance.
Did steamboats make life easier?
Steamboats pioneered by Fulton enabled goods and people a faster way of traveling on the USA's vast water areas. This included rivers and lakes. Based on the aforementioned benefits, yes steamboats made life easier.
