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Microprocessors

A microprocessor is the heart of any computer, whether it is a server, a desktop machine, or a laptop. This single chip contains the arithmetic, control, and logic circuitry necessary to interpret and execute computer programs.

2,578 Questions

What is bit handling instructions in microprocessor and micro controllers?

Microprocessor has only one bit Handling instruction.

It can control only one bit.

Where has when it comes to Micro-controller it has maximum Bit handling instructions.

Example: SETB P1.3 - > Setting Pin3 of port 1

Processor specifications Intel d945gpb?

The list of supported processors by 945 chipset is rather long. Please refer to related links to find out full list.

What is another name for computer processing unit or sometimes called computer box?

The "CPU" (central processing unit) is the central part of the computer; it coordinates everything else. It is not quite the same as the box: the main box contains the CPU, but it also contains many other parts.

Dual core technology uses 64 bit processor or 32 bit processor?

Both. The Intel Core Duo was a 32-bit dual-core processor. The Intel Core 2 Duo is a 64-bit processor.

How are microprocessors used in photocopier?

The role of a microprocessor in a photocopier controls the display on the front of the machine. Also the microprocessor sends signal to the motor to move parts of the photocopier, so that the paper can come out.

Compute the factorial of n using 8086 microprocessors?

code segment

assume cs:code,ds:code

mov bx,1200h

mov cx,[bx]

mov ax,01h

l1:mul cx

dec cl

jnz l1

mov[bx+2],ax

mov ah,4ch

int 21h

code ends

end

What are counters and time delays in 8085 microprocessor?

1.A counter is designed simply by loading an appropriate number into one of the registers and using INR(increment by 1) & DCR(decrement by 1) instructions.

2.A loop is established to update the count,and each count is checked to determine whether it has reached the final number or not.if not then the loop is again repeated.

3.These counters have 1 drawback.i.e.counting is performed at such high speed that only the last count can be observed.to observe counting there must be a proper time delay between counts.

Intel which processor is faster core i7 920 or core i7 940?

the i7 920 has 2.67 GHZ with 4 cores and 8 threads, and the i7 940 has 2.93 GHZ with 4 cores and 8 threads. both can be overclocked easily. but if you are not planning on overclocking, the i7 940 is faster.

Is is possible to change the processor of laptop If yes how much it cost?

For the most part no just about every single laptop on the market has an integrated CPU so switching it for a faster one is not happening. When you need a more powerful laptop you should just a newer one. newer laptops are just as fast as some desktops and the entire system costs about $1000 for a nice one. If its speed you want buy some ram that you can change out

How is an instruction fetched from memory into CPU in the 8085 microprocessor?

An instruction fetch in the 8085 is similar to an operand fetch...

During T1, ALE pulses high for one half cycle. On the falling edge, external logic is expected to strobe the AD0-AD7 lines to form the A0-A7 lines. A8-A15, IO/M-, S0, and S1 are also presented, but they stay valid after ALE. S0 is high for opcode fetch, and low for operand fetch. RD- goes true (low) at the end of T1.

If READY is false at the end of T1, TWAIT is entered, and all lines are persisted, with TWAIT repeated as necessary until READY is true.

At the end of T2, the CPU strobes the data presented on AD0-AD7 by external logic.

At the midpoint of T3, RD- goes false (high) and the external logic must stop driving AD0-AD7.

T4 is used to decode and process the opcode. External logic does nothing, since there is no ALE.

If the opcode requires extra data, such as immediate data or an address, T1, TWAIT, T2, and T3 are repeated to fetch the additional bytes, although S0 is low during these cycles.

Explain the classification of the instruction set of 8085 microprocessor with suitable examples?

  1. DATA TRANSFER INSTRUCTIONS
  2. ARITHMETIC INSTRUCTIONS
  3. BIT MANIPULATION INSTRUCTIONS
  4. STRING INSTRUCTIONS
  5. PROGRAM EXECUTION TRANSFER INSTRUCTIONS
  6. PROCESS CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS

1.DATA TRANSFER INSTRUCTIONS

The DATA TRANSFER INSTRUCTIONS are those, which transfers the DATA from any one source to any one destination.The datas may be of any type. They are again classified into four groups.They are:

GENERAL - PURPOSE BYTE OR WORD TRANSFER INSTRUCTIONS

SIMPLE INPUT AND OUTPUT PORT TRANSFER INSTRUCTION

SPECIAL ADDRESS TRANSFER INSTRUCTION

FLAG TRANSFER INSTRUCTIONS

MOV

PUSH

POP

XCHG

XLAT

IN

OUT

LEA

LDS

LES

LAHF

SAHF

PUSHF

POPF

2.ARITHMETIC INSTRUCTIONS

These instructions are those which are useful to perform Arithmetic calculations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.They are again classified into four groups.They are:

ADDITION INSTRUCTIONS

SUBTRACTION INSTRUCTIONS

MULTIPLICATION INSTRUCTIONS

DIVISION INSTRUCTIONS

ADD

ADC

INC

AAA

DAA

SUB

SBB

DEC

NEG

CMP

AAS

DAS

MUL

IMUL

AAM

DIV

IDIV

AAD

CBW

CWD

3.BIT MANIPULATION INSTRUCTIONS

These instructions are used to perform Bit wise operations.

LOGICAL INSTRUCTIONS

SHIFT INSTRUCTIONS

ROTATE INSTRUCTIONS

NOT

AND

OR

XOR

TEST

SHL / SAL

SHR

SAR

ROL

ROR

RCL

RCR

4. STRING INSTRUCTIONS

The string instructions function easily on blocks of memory.They are user friendly instructions, which help for easy program writing and execution. They can speed up the manipulating code.They are useful in array handling, tables and records.

STRING INSTRUCTIONS

REP

REPE / REPZ

REPNE / REPNZ

MOVS / MOVSB / MOVSW

COMPS / COMPSB / COMPSW

SCAS / SCASB / SCASW

LODS / LODSB / LODSW

STOS / STOSB / STOSW

5.PROGRAM EXECUTION TRANSFER INSTRUCTIONS

These instructions transfer the program control from one address to other address. ( Not in a sequence). They are again classified into four groups.They are:

UNCONDITIONAL TRANSFER INSTRUCTIONS

CONDITIONAL TRANSFER INSTRUCTIONS

ITERATION CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS

INTERRUPT INSTRUCTIONS

CALL

RET

JMP

JA / JNBE

JAE / JNB

JB / JNAE

JBE / JNA

JC

JE / JZ

JG / JNLE

JGE / JNL

JL / JNGE

JLE / JNG

JNC

JNE / JNZ

JNO

JNP / JPO

JNS

JO

JP / JPE

JS

LOOP

LOOPE / LOOPZ

LOOPNE / LOOPNZ

JCXZ

INT

INTO

IRET

6.PROCESS CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS

These instructions are used to change the process of the Microprocessor. They change the process with the stored information. They are again classified into Two groups.They are:

FLAG SET / CLEAR INSTRUCTIONS

EXTERNAL HARDWARE SYNCHRONIZATION INSTRUCTIONS

STC

CLC

CMC

STD

CLD

STI

CLI

HLT

WAIT

ESC

LOCK

NOP

What is Better an Intel Core 2 Dual Processor or a Core i7-860?

Of course Core i7 860. It's 4-cores, 8-threads processor while Core 2 Duo is only 2-cores, 2-threads. Moreover i7 860 got 8mb of Intel smart cache memory.

What is meant by the term CPU?

The CPU is at the heart of all computers. All data pass through it. The CPU is "the computing part of the computer. Also called the processor.

Problems seen on Pentium 1 processor?

The Pentium 1 is known for the FDIV bug, which was a hardware-level error causing incorrect answers when certain mathematical operations were called. Intel was forced to make a massive recall of all affected processors.

Differences between cache virtual memory?

_Virtual Memory_ is an amount of physical hard disk storage used to act as an overflow when more RAM is requested that what is available. An OS algorithm determines what will be moved out to Virtual Memory from physical RAM. On the other hand, _cache_ is an area of RAM that contains areas of the hard disk drive that have been requested by a component of the system plus neighboring data that _might_ be requested at a later time. For example, if the data stored on sectors 1234-1250 is requested, the system will bring it back, along with sectors 1251-1300, in an attempt to prefetch data that might be requested next. Since the disks' heads are already positionned at the location of the requested data, it is a small amount to pay to get contiguous sectors back in the same "pass" vs. coming back to get it next time. If ever some of the sectors 1251-1300 are indeed requested, the access to disk will not be necessary as the cache already contains the data. This is called a "cache hit". (Conversely, if the requested data is not in cache, we call it a ... "cache miss"). Hard Disk data is kept in the cache for as long as possible. This explains why, in most cases, when an application is started twice in a row, the 2nd start is much faster since the executable, and possibly most of its associated components, are in cache. So, this leaves us with _virtual memory_, a mechanism to allow for a lack of RAM, and _cache_, a mechanism to allow for unused RAM to be put to use...Is this a dichotomy? we'd like to hear your comments on this.

Important microprocessor in electronic bank teller machines?

explain the important's of microprocessor system in electronic bank teller machines

What is failover support?

In computer networks, failover support is a method for protecting availability of a computer resource. For failover support to work, a component must have a redundant or alternate and there must be an ability to detect the failure of the primary component and switch to the alternate. As an example, a company web site may be hosted at one location but have an alternate hosted at a different location. If the primary site goes down, traffic directed to the primary site is redirected to the alternate site in a manner that is transparent to the outside user.