Poland

The current Jewish population of Poland is about 8,000 only. See the Wikipedia article on The Jews in Poland. (Compare with an estimated 3.3 million in 1939).

In 2010 3,200 Jews lived in Poland according to http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/jewpop.HTML.

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In the Middle Ages and in the early modern period up to at least c. 1650 Poland was relatively tolerant towards the Jews. At that time it was an obvious place (and in many cases the only place) for Jews persecuted elsewhere to flee to.

In many parts of Europe the Jews were accused of causing the bubonic plague, but the Black Death stopped short of Poland. The country was not affected and so this was a non-issue in Poland.

There was a series of documents signed by polish kings granting Jews first safety (aprox. XII), then a certain level of autonomy (Jewish courts for inner problems, etc. - probably XIV), after that the Polish sejm ( "seym/same" - parliament) passed a universal law of religious tolerance (XVI), amongst others.

The difficulties for the Polish Jews began when Russia invaded and annexed large areas of Poland.

This is the Answer to; What is a Polish Christmas? For Poles, Christmas Eve is a time of family gathering and reconciliation. It's also a night of magic: Animals are said to talk in a human voice and people have the power to tell the future. The belief was born with our ancestors who claimed that Dec. 24 was a day to mark the beginning of a new era. It was bolstered by sayings such as, "As goes Christmas Eve, goes the year." Hoping for a good 12 months, everyone was polite and generous to one another and forgave past grievances. Today, few treat the old traditions seriously, but some survive as family fun. "Maidens" interested in their marital future and older people, who try to predict next year's weather based on the sky's aura between Christmas Eve and Twelfth Night (Jan. 6), sometimes cling to past superstitions. Polish rural residents are among the few who still keep up the old Christmas Eve customs. In eastern Poland it is still believed that girls who grind poppy seed on Christmas Eve can hope for a quick marriage. After dinner, they leave the house, and the direction of the first dog bark points to where their future husband will come from. Another fortune-telling trick is eavesdropping on the neighbors. If in a casual conversation, the girl hears the word "Go" it means she will get married in the coming year. A loud "Sit" announces long-lasting maidenhood. When going to Christmas Eve midnight mass, girls would blindfold each other and touch fence pickets. A straight and smooth picket would portend a resourceful husband, while a crooked and rough one was an indication of a clumsy and awkward spouse. If a maiden wanted to learn about her future fiance's profession, she would go to a river, dip her hand in the water and pull out the first thing she touched. Wood meant a carpenter, iron-a blacksmith, leather-a shoemaker, etc. Before going to bed, she'd wash her face with water without drying it. She would hang the towel on the footboard of her bed. The boy who passed her the towel in her dream was to become her husband. Weather-forecasting superstitions were also popular. It was believed that if Christmas sees no snow, Easter certainly will-or more artfully, "If the Christmas tree sinks in water, the egg rolls on ice." Other sayings include, "A sunny Christmas Eve brings fair weather all year round"; "Stars that shine bright on Christmas Eve will make hens lay plenty of eggs"; "A shine on the birth of our Savior will be seen all throughout January." From the small hours on Dec. 24, women were found cleaning and sweeping the entire house. An ancient belief had it that forces of evil would dwell in all things left dirty on that day. If the first person to enter a house on Christmas Eve was a woman, it was a bad omen, meaning that only heifers would be born in the farm in the coming year. It was a good sign when a man was the first to cross the threshold of the house. At the Christmas Eve supper, each dish had to be sampled, and a traditional meal would consist of 12 dishes. The more you ate, the more pleasure would await you in the future. The more daring diners would pull out blades of straw from underneath the table cloth. A green one foretold marriage; a withered one-waiting; a yellow one-spinsterhood; a very short one-an early grave. In pre-electricity times, after the last supper dish (which was kutia, a mix of soaked wheat, raisins, nuts, honey and spices) candles were blown out and the direction of the smoke was observed. If it moved toward the window-the harvest would be good, toward the door-a family member would die, toward the stove-a marriage. Until recently, harvest fortune-telling was very popular in the countryside. After supper, the host would go out to the garden, carrying dried fruit. He would throw it on the trees, shouting "Apples, pears, plums, cherries, and all the leaves in the neighbor's yard." He would take a handful of straw and twist it into a rope. Grabbing an ax with other hand, he would approach a tree and threaten it by saying, "I'll cut you down!" His wife would cry, "Don't cut it, it will bear fruit!" Then she would tie the straw rope around the tree. This bizarre little pantomime apparently brought a good harvest. Today, few people are familiar with Christmas Eve fortune telling, especially urban dwellers. Yet some old traditions can still be found among village people who tend to lead a more old-fashioned lifestyle, closely connected to nature and its cycles of death and rebirth. Bobo taz 2008

It caused Great Britain and France to declare war on Germany.

There are a variety of main industries in Poland. Some of these include machine building, iron and steel, coal mining, chemicals, shipbuilding, food processing, glass, as well as textiles.

33%

Central Europe, perhaps.

It's big country.

Its arguable that they never did save Poland. Poland was eventually "liberated" by the Soviet Union in late 1944-early 1945, over five years after the Nazis invaded in 1939. But two weeks after the Nazis had invaded from the west in 1939, the Soviets had invaded Poland from the east, and met the Nazis in the middle at the Vistula River, and they extinguished Poland as a nation, dividing it between them. This was during a two-year period when Hitler and Stalin were partners, from mid 1939 to the German invasion of the Soviet Union in mid 1941, when Hitler turned on his partner. During this period Hitler invaded eight countries and Stalin five, but Hitler was much more successful.

So just how much your average patriotic Pole felt that he was "saved" by being "liberated" by the Soviets is debatable. The only ones who happily welcomed the Soviets were the Polish communists, and even they soon learned hard truths. The Soviets preferred Polish communists who had been in Russia during the war, as a refugee, to those Polish communists who had been in Poland during the German occupation. It was the Communist Poles brought from Russia whom the Russians installed as the powers in the new Communist puppet state of Poland they erected after WWII.

When the Soviets were penetrating into eastern Poland late in 1944, driving the Germans back before them, Polish patriots jumped the gun and rose up against the German occupiers, thinking "liberation" was at hand. Instead of pushing on to join Polish patriots battling the Germans in Warsaw, with whatever inadequate weapons they had been able to hide or steal from the Germans (they of course had no artillery), the Russians paused across the River from Warsaw for six weeks, while the Germans completely repressed this rebellion with thoroughly savage brutality. Warsaw was bombarded by the Germans and bombed by German aircraft, slaughtering the Poles. At last the Russians moved, after all the resisters were dead or captured (and then shot), taking the ruined city of Warsaw with ease.

So how "saved" would you expect the Poles to feel?

Eventually the Poles saved themselves. It was the Polish movement "Solidarity", headed by Lech Walesa in the 1980s which began the process that eventually resulted in the fall of communism in Russia and eastern Europe. So it was about fifty years before the Poles were finally able to have their country they way they wanted it, after the Nazis invaded in 1939.

No.

Poland is East of the prime meridian running through Greenwich London

40 to 50 miles

before-made parts, that are used to create an item

Children's Day is an event celebrated on various days in many places around the world. International Children's Dayis celebrated on June 1 and Universal Children's Day is on November 20.[1]Other countries celebrate a local 'children's day' on other dates. The holiday is simply set to honor children and minors.

not sure but i think 1890's-1910

if it helps

'A house' in polish is 'Dom'.

Polish capital (Warsaw) is located on Vistula River (pol. Wisła).

Poland!

Poland has an area of 120,726 sq miiles

England has an area of 50,346 sq miles

120,736 ÷ 50,346 = 2.4 approx.

Sea of Marmara

The river Oder begins in the Czech Republic and flows through western Poland, later forming 187 kilometers of the border between Poland and Germany. It eventually flows into the Baltic Sea.

The river Vistula is Poland's largest river and it too eventually flows into the Baltic Sea.