Ancient Greece

Democracy through establishing regular assemblies of the citizens.

It was a Homeric style monarchy - ruled by a king and his council. That is until Rome occupation and rule, when it was split into four client republics (the tetrarchy) to neutralise it and put an end to repeated uprisings, and so turned into an administrative theme that extended beyond its historical borders.

Arete is pleading with Odysseus to marry Nausica.

Aegae.

The columns - Doric, Ionian, Corinthian.

The dynasty was the Argead Dynasty from Argos in the Peloponnese. The Macedonians were thought to not be considered as Greek by the Greeks or by themselves but that is an unsubstantiated theory that has clearly been disproven.

Herodotus: [V.22]: "And that these descendants of Perdikkas are Hellenes, as they themselves say, I happen to know myself...".

Herodotus: [IX.45] quoting Alexander I, "…for I should not utter them if I did not care greatly for the general safety of Hellas, seeing that I AM A HELLENE MYSELF BY ANCIENT DESCENT and I should not wish to see Hellas enslaved instead of free."

That would be claimed by several different peoples today - Athens or Rome, take your pick.

In most provinces he appointed a Macedonian general a governor, but he also had a policy of integrating the Persian aristocracy with the intent of gaining their support. He died before the impact could be felt, and his generals divided the empire into kingdoms of their own.

Those around the Mediterranean and Black Seas.

After the death of Pericles, he was replaced by Cleon. Under his direction Athens renewed the conflict with Sparta.

Infanticide was practicised, as was abandoning them in a public place. Those abandoned could die of exposure, or be taken in by wealthier families as either family members or slaves.

It saw massive wars with Persia and between Greek city-states.It saw great cultural and philosophical advances, led first by the Ionian cities, then Athens. It set the scene for the takeover by Macedonia.

The citizens of the city-state did. The carried out these ideas by voting in the Assembly.

Greece traded many things, especially olive oil. They traded and had no problem doing so. To invade Greece now that was the problem. Note from Big Old Bear: You are quite right - the Greeks traded all the time. Despite almost continuous warfare, they traded all sorts of agricultural produce (in the 4thC BC Athens even had a regular grain run from the Black Sea to the City). Oil, wine and honey were constantly in demand. In addition, manufactured goods were profitable to sell. Athens and Corinth were for a long time competitors in the market for ceramics: Athenian red-figure ware finally dominated the market. Trade was almost entirely by sea. Mainland Greece is divided by mountain ranges, making land transport expensive, and much of Greece is made up of islands anyway, so there was a constant traffic using sailing ships. In addition there was (and is, though donkeys are out of fashion in favour of motor transport) a lively local trade in marine produce - fish, sponges, salt - exchanged for fruit etc. which grows less well in a salt atmosphere. Trade on this scale engendered a thoroughly modern insurance and banking industry. One of Demosthenes' speeches deals with an insurance fraud. The usual currency of reference, analogous to the US $ today,was the Attic silver drachma. Every city, of course, had its own currency, but the Attic drachma was the unit of international exchange. None of this changed when the Macedonians invaded and took over the rest of Greece, nor did much (except the currency) change when the Romans did the same.

The most famous ancient Greek oracle was that of "Delphi".

The Roman Empire except for the eastern part of the Persian Empire.

Greeks became agile mariners.

Most of the city-states were relatively close to the water, especially those found on Crete, Cyprus, the Dodecanese Islands, or Cycladic Islands. As a result, Greek city-states favored marine travel which was more reliable and cost-effective than land travel. As a result, many city-states had strong navies as opposed to having strong armies. (Sparta is the one major exception to that rule.)

The Mediterranean Sea.

The Spartan Brasidas and the Athenian Cleon were both killed in the battle of Amphipolis in 422 BCE.

The most common was the stadion.

We call them oligarchs from the Greek words oligos = few, arkhein = to rule: Rule by the few.

Figures have strong diagonals and dramatic poses.

The Spartans had taken over southern Peloponnesia, and their object was to control and defend this. They avoided conflict where possible, but trained for war to defend their state when necessary.

greek

They were busy warring amongst themselves.