Ancient Rome

Rome became a republic in order to give all citizens a voice in their government. They would no longer put up with the arbitrary rules of a king.

so that an enemy cant pull there hair and slit there throat while he was helpless

The first problem was the general decline in literacy and stability that began with the Crisis of the Third Century, in about 235 AD, a period of continual civil wars lasting a couple generations.

The second problem was that Roman citizens were more an more inclined to allow themselves to be defended by foreigners. The loyalty of the foreign troupes was badly eroded by the fact that they were badly treated. Eventually, even the highest generals were not Roman.

Another problem was that the Germanic peoples on the border of the Roman Empire started to migrate into the empire because they were being attacked from farther out. They formed armies which raided until they finally settled down to form kingdoms of their own.

The Roman Empire was formally divided in 286, and this division became permanent in 395. The division left each part rather uninterested in the well being of the other. And the East Roman Empire could not help the West, even if it had the will to do so, because of ongoing wars with the Persians.

The 5th century saw a series of weak emperors of the West Roman Empire, most of whom were merely puppets of their Germanic generals.

There are people who blame Christianity for making people weak. I think the West Roman Empire had reasons enough without that.

The East Roman Empire lasted another thousand years, until 1453, when it was destroyed, after many changes in fortune, by the Ottoman Turks, but that is not referred to as the fall of the Roman Empire.

There is a link below to an article on the Decline of the Roman Empire.

Augustus was succeeded by Tiberius.

It probably got too big to defend its borders.

feed their families

The Romans decided to have written and published set of laws because prior to that the decrees of the senate were kept secret. This meant that there was a lot of room for arbitrary actions and abuse of power. Having written and published laws meant that people would know what the rules were and could defend themselves or have themselves represented if they were not followed properly or there were attempts to abuse power. The laws were called the Law of the Twelve Tables because they were inscribed on twelve bronze tablets and displayed at the Roman forum, the civic centre of the city. Prior to their final compilation they were also debated publicly and amended following these debates. Therefore, these written laws also created a consensus about what the rules should be.

If by Caesar, you mean Julius Caesar, the truth is that he was never an emperor of Rome. He was a dictator given his power under the republican form of government. Also, all Roman emperors were referred to as "Caesar" ( the Romans never used the word emperor). However the must successful ruler had to be Augustus as he had the longest reign, made progressive changes, and made his new form of government a lasting one.

Patricians were frightened because without plebeians patricians would be helpless if an enemy struck at rome.

Roman girls were allowed to get married at the age of 12, but boys had to wait till they were 14.This was because people believed that a girl should get married when she reached the age of puberty, as then they would be able to give birth and the Roman believed that she would make a better wife. You had to be married by about 15-16 or you would be punished.

Cicero was proscribed by the second triumvirate and actively hunted.

A centurion named Herennius is reported to have killed him. His head and hands were hailed to the rostra in the forum in Rome as was done with all of the proscribed vitim's. Just a note: the hands of all the victims were not cut off and nailed, just Cicero's because he had written the Philippics against Mark Antony.

Julius Caesar was stabbed on March 15, 44 BC.

Julius Caesar was stabbed on March 15, 44 BC.

Julius Caesar was stabbed on March 15, 44 BC.

Julius Caesar was stabbed on March 15, 44 BC.

Julius Caesar was stabbed on March 15, 44 BC.

Julius Caesar was stabbed on March 15, 44 BC.

Julius Caesar was stabbed on March 15, 44 BC.

Julius Caesar was stabbed on March 15, 44 BC.

Julius Caesar was stabbed on March 15, 44 BC.

The Roman army progressively was comprised of Germanic peoples - Goths, Vandals, Huns etc so differentiation of relative strengths is difficult.

The Romans had many coins. These also changed over time.

The main coins during the Republic were the denarius (in silver), sestertius (silver) dupondius (brass) and as (bronze). There were also five other coins of smaller value.

Emperor Augustus introduced the aureus (gold), and the quinarius aureus and quinarius argenteus (half an aureus and half a denarius). He retained six republican coins and scrapped two of them.

In the 3rd century AD, emperor Diocletian scrapped all the previous coins and introduced new six coins. The most importan ones were the solidus (gold) and argenteus (sliver).

New minor coins were introduced in the Late Empire, in the 4th century AD.

Straight and long ones, some today are built upon the original ones.

Roman culture originated from ancient Rome in central Italy. The city was founded in 753 BC as a result of the unification of separate and independent settlements on what were t become the Seven Hills of Rome into a single city-state. This unification was said to have involved the fusion of Latins (who lived on five of the seven hills) and Sabines (who lived on two of the hills).

The Romans used a lot of marble in their sculptures, Italy is famous for its marble. They also used basalt and rarely bronze. Many small statuettes were made of ceramic material.

The word Emperor did not exist. It is derived from Imperator, which was an hororific bestowed on a victorious commander by acclaim of his soldiers after a victory. And the last thing Augustus wanted was to be an Emperor - look what acting like a king had done for his adoptive father Julius Caesar. Octavian (later Augustus) was trying to resolve the problems which had resulted in sporadic civil wars for the past century. Sulla in the 80s BCE had established a new order, which was progressively dismantled by ambitious generals/politicians after his death. Caesar's solution of life dictatorship (touted by his enemies as kingship) brought plotting to end that life dictatorship. Augustus decided on a more indirect road. In 27 BCE he declared in the Senate 'the Republic restored'. However he subverted this by the personal powers he progressively assumed. He took the powers of a Tribune of the Plebs (personal immunity inside Rome, veto, ability to introduce legislation to the Senate); of a pro-magistrate outside Rome (personal immunity, ability to intervene in affairs of the empire); and control of the frontier provinces (which is where the legions were stationed). His title was Princeps (First Citizen). The following 200 years are known as the Principate, where the real but camouflaged powers that he and his successors wielded left Senate and Consulship intact, but increasingly left overall direction to the Princeps. At least civil wars were averted by this iron hand within the velvet glove.

At the founding of the city of Rome, the patricians were the wealthy and the plebeians were the poor. Over the years the plebeians gained their rights and accumulated wealth and political power. From about the mid republic, the only difference between the two groups was the class in which they were born.

At the founding of the city of Rome, the patricians were the wealthy and the plebeians were the poor. Over the years the plebeians gained their rights and accumulated wealth and political power. From about the mid republic, the only difference between the two groups was the class in which they were born.

At the founding of the city of Rome, the patricians were the wealthy and the plebeians were the poor. Over the years the plebeians gained their rights and accumulated wealth and political power. From about the mid republic, the only difference between the two groups was the class in which they were born.

At the founding of the city of Rome, the patricians were the wealthy and the plebeians were the poor. Over the years the plebeians gained their rights and accumulated wealth and political power. From about the mid republic, the only difference between the two groups was the class in which they were born.

At the founding of the city of Rome, the patricians were the wealthy and the plebeians were the poor. Over the years the plebeians gained their rights and accumulated wealth and political power. From about the mid republic, the only difference between the two groups was the class in which they were born.

At the founding of the city of Rome, the patricians were the wealthy and the plebeians were the poor. Over the years the plebeians gained their rights and accumulated wealth and political power. From about the mid republic, the only difference between the two groups was the class in which they were born.

At the founding of the city of Rome, the patricians were the wealthy and the plebeians were the poor. Over the years the plebeians gained their rights and accumulated wealth and political power. From about the mid republic, the only difference between the two groups was the class in which they were born.

At the founding of the city of Rome, the patricians were the wealthy and the plebeians were the poor. Over the years the plebeians gained their rights and accumulated wealth and political power. From about the mid republic, the only difference between the two groups was the class in which they were born.

At the founding of the city of Rome, the patricians were the wealthy and the plebeians were the poor. Over the years the plebeians gained their rights and accumulated wealth and political power. From about the mid republic, the only difference between the two groups was the class in which they were born.

Your question can be answered in two ways depending upon what you mean by common gladiator names. Gladiators were highly trained fighters and fought in certain styles which can be considered names, such as Thrax, Murmillo, Secutor, Provator, etc. They also had personal names such as Flamma, Spartacus, Priscus, Verus, Triumphus, Spiculus, etc. However many of these personal names were also "stage names" and not the men's given names, as each fighter wanted to be recognized and the best way to gain fame was to have a unique fighting name.

Centered first in the peninsula of Greece, then in Rome's burgeoning provinces, the new Mediterranean culture did not embrace all of the civilized lands of the ancient Middle East. Greece and Rome do not merely constitute a westward push of civilization from its earlier bases in the Middle East and along the Nile.

It was called the "palaestra." Pronounced: Puh-LEST-ruh

i hate fayez